神经导航下经皮选择性半月神经节内靶点射频术治疗三叉神经痛的效果

目的 评价神经导航下经皮选择性半月神经节内靶点射频术治疗三叉神经痛的效果.方法 原发性三叉神经痛患者147例,性别不限,年龄32～99岁,VAS评分＞8分.采用随机数字表法,将患者分为2组:C型臂组(C组,n =72)和神经导航组(N组,n=75).C组采用Hartel前入路穿刺法,C型臂引导下以卵圆孔为靶点进行穿刺;N组将头颅MRI影像传输至StealthStation手术导航系统进行重建,在半月神经节内确定靶点位置后设计穿刺径路和穿刺点.记录穿刺成功情况和穿刺及射频术相关不良事件发生情况.分别于术后1d、7d、1个月、6个月、12个月、24个月记录VAS评分,并根据VAS评分评价镇痛效果,术后1、24个月根据Barrow神经研究所评分系统评价治疗效果.结果 N组无一例患者发生穿刺相关不良事件及动眼神经损伤和耳鸣.与C组比较,N组首次手术穿刺成功率升高,术后不同时点镇痛有效率升高,治疗效果较好(P＜0.05),神经定位时间和面部麻木发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 神经导航下经皮选择性半月神经节内靶点射频术治疗三叉神经痛的治疗效果好,复发率低,穿刺成功机率高,且并发症少.     

Neuroendoscopy in microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm: Technical note

Abstract

Miocrovascular decompression is an effective treatment for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and hemifacial spasm (HFS). A complete cure cannot be obtained, and additional adjuncts for extended use of endoscopy are needed. The use of an endoscope combined with the operating microscope can enhance the surgeon’s ability to view deep structures during operation. We study the application of combined microsurgical and endoscopic techniques in 21 cases of HFS and 12 cases of TN. With these techniques the surgeon can explore the ventral aspect of the brainstem and cranial nerves without further retraction, can see the groove caused by compression of the offending artery, and can confirm the proper position of the prosthesis after attachment to the dura by fibrin glue. In HFS the most common offending vessels in 75% of cases were the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) and anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) and in 25% of cases the vertebral artery (VA). In trigeminal neuralgia the offending vessel in 60% of cases was the superior cerebellar artery (SCA), and in 40% of cases the AICA. The overall success rate was 97% with minimal morbidity 3% (facial palsy) and no mortality. The aim of this work is to study advantages and disadvantages of using endoscopy during microvascular decompression for TN and HFS. [Neural Res 2000; 22: 522-526]     

What is the best treatment of drug-resistant trigeminal neuralgia in patients affected by multiple sclerosis? A literature analysis of surgical procedures

Objective

Drug-resistant trigeminal neuralgia (TN) can complicate the clinical course of patients affected by multiple sclerosis (MS). Various surgical procedures have been reported for the treatment of this condition, but there is no agreement on the best management of these patients. To our knowledge, there is no critical literature analysis focusing on this particular topic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of different surgical procedures utilized for drug-resistant TN in MS patients.

Methods

We reviewed the literature about the studies reporting on surgical treatment of drug-resistant TN in MS patients. Case reports and case series less than 4 patients were excluded from the analysis. Nineteen studies were selected for the statistical analysis. To reduce the variability of the data, the selected studies were evaluated for the following outcome parameters: acute pain relief rate (APR), rate of recurrence (RR), pain free at follow-up rate (PF at FU) and complication rate (CR). For the statistical analysis, chi-square statistic, using the Fisher's exact test was utilized.

Results

There was no procedure statistically superior in terms of APR rate in MS patients following the surgical treatment of TN. The highest RR was observed for percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) (60.2 ± 14.4%). This result was statistically significant when compared to gamma knife surgery (GKS) (p = 0.0129) and microvascular decompression (MVD) (p = 0.0281). MVD together with percutaneous radiofrequency rhizothomy (PRR) was associated with a statistically better PF at FU rate (56.5 ± 16.8% and 73.5 ± 14.2%, respectively). However PBC and MVD showed statistical significant minor CR compared to other techniques (no complications and 18.7 ± 17.4%, respectively).

Conclusion

Our study shows no differences in the short term results among different procedures for TN in MS patients. Each technique demonstrate advantages and limits in terms of long term pain, recurrence rate and complication rate. Each patient should be accurately informed on pros and cons of each procedure in order to be involved in the most appropriate choice.     

显微血管减压手术治疗舌咽神经痛远期疗效分析

目的评价显微血管减压手术治疗舌咽神经痛（glossopharyngeal neuralgia,GN）的远期疗效,提高治疗效果。方法观察并分析我科自2001年1月到2011年10月收治的19例接受显微血管减压手术的舌咽神经痛患者的相关资料。所有患者均行地卡因实验明确诊断,影像学提示血管对舌咽神经存在不同程度的压迫。手术采取经乙状窦后-幕下入路行微血管减压术,术后对其进行疗效随访。结果所有患者术后早期疗效明显,随访时间1．5～12．5年,平均5．6年。随访过程中1例出现复发,1例疼痛程度及次数较术前明显缓解。本组1例患者术后出现轻度声音嘶哑和吞咽困难,1例出现脑脊液漏,经处理后均痊愈。结论显微血管减压手术是治疗舌咽神经痛的一种安全、有效的方法,影像学诊断对判断神经-血管压迫有重要意义。显微血管减压手术远期效果良好。     

3D-FIESTA-C与3D-TOF-MRA 序列在血管压迫三叉神经痛中责任血管显示的比较研究

目的：比较三维双激发平衡式稳态自由进动序列（3D‐FIESTA‐C）与三维时间飞跃法磁共振血管成像（3D‐TOF‐MRA）在血管压迫三叉神经痛中责任血管显示的应用价值。方法回顾性分析行微血管减压术（M VD ）的60例三叉神经痛患者的磁共振资料,所有患者均采用3D‐T O F‐M RA和3D‐FIES T A‐C序列扫描,从原始及重建图像综合评判患侧三叉神经脑池段与周围血管的空间关系,以术中镜下所见为金标准,对比分析3D‐TOF‐MRA和3D‐FIESTA‐C序列预判接触血管的效能。结果判定是否存在责任血管,3D‐TOF‐MRA和3D‐FIESTA‐C序列灵敏度分别为85．7％、89．3％,特异度为75．0％、100％,准确率为85．0％、90．0％（P＝1．000）。在责任血管中,3D‐TOF‐MRA和3D‐FIESTA‐C序列判定责任动脉灵敏度分别为94．1％、88．2％（P＝0．244）,而责任静脉灵敏度为0．00％、88．2％（P＝0．009）。结论3D‐FIESTA‐C与3D‐TOF‐MRA序列均能有效显示责任血管,3D‐FIESTA‐C对责任静脉的显示优于3D‐TOF‐MRA ,可作为术前病因诊断的有力补充。     

CT引导下经皮圆孔穿刺射频温控热凝术治疗三叉神经痛(第Ⅱ支)的疗效及安全性

目的探讨薄层CT引导下经皮穿刺圆孔射频热凝术治疗药物无效或复发性三叉神经痛(第Ⅱ支)的疗效及安全性。方法对药物无效或复发性三叉神经痛(第Ⅱ支)的22例患者行CT引导下经皮穿刺圆孔射频热凝术治疗,采用巴罗神经学研究所(BNI)分级评定标准评价患者术后疗效,观察术后并发症情况。结果 22例患者术后即刻疼痛完全缓解率达95.45%(21/22),1例患者术后疼痛有所缓解,但服药后可以控制(BNI分级Ⅲ级)。2例患者术后复发,均再次行射频术,术后即刻疼痛均完全缓解(BNI分级Ⅰ级)。随访3~19个月,平均(7.73±4.69)个月。所有患者均无任何严重并发症发生。结论薄层CT引导下经皮穿刺圆孔射频热凝治疗药物无效或复发性三叉神经痛(第Ⅱ支)的疗效可靠、并发症少,可作为药物无效或复发性三叉神经痛的一种理想微创治疗手段。