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71.
Polyarteritis nodosa is a multisystem disease primarily involving the small and medium-sized vessels. Prognosis depends on
the presence and severity of visceral involvement. Thrombosis and aneurysm formation commonly occur in kidney and gastrointestinal
tract. Although hepatic involvement is also common, hepatic aneurysmal rupture with intrahepatic or perihepatic hematoma formation
is infrequent. Hemobilia secondary to aneurysmal rupture is a very rare condition. We present a case of polyarteritis nodosa
accompanied by hemobilia and intestinal hemorrhage secondary to hepatic and mesenteric aneurysmal rupture.
Received 12 March 1996; Revision received 12 September 1996; Accepted 6 November 1996 相似文献
72.
Over the last 10 years, 17 patients (13 males and 4 females) diagnosed as having classical polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) were
treated and followed up in the rheumatology clinic of our institute. The median age and duration of symptoms at presentation
were 29 years (range 13–59) and 9.5 months, respectively. Patients presented with the typical clinical picture of classical
PAN. The diagnosis was established with the help of an aortogram (7/10), sural nerve biopsy (7/8), muscle biopsy (5/7) and
renal biopsy (3/4). For reasons not known, none of the 17 patients was HBsAg positive. Patients were treated with a combination
of oral prednisolone (1 mg/kg per day) for 6 weeks, which was slowly tapered off over 6 months, and monthly intravenous cyclophosphamide
pulses (15 mg/kg) for the first 6 months, followed by 3-monthly pulses for a total of 2 years. Remission was achieved in 14
patients after a median of 5 months of treatment. Remission was stable for a median of 5 years of follow-up. Three patients
did not respond well and died within 6 months of diagnosis. The causes of death in these were intracerebral haemorrhage in
one patient and gastrointestinal bleeding in two patients. This experience is in accord with the reported literature that
classical PAN is mostly a monophasic disease with either an excellent response to the appropriate immunosuppressive therapy
and a long remission or a downhill course culminating in death. A chronic course is rare.
Received: 8 October 1996 / Accepted: 4 April 1997 相似文献
73.
Al Mazyad AS 《Clinical rheumatology》1999,18(3):196-200
At both King Khalid University Hospital and King Faisal Specialist Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between 1990 and 1997,
we identified 11 children with polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). Nine of them satisfied the American College of Rheumatology 1990
criteria for the classification of PAN. All patients were followed for at least 12 months. The male-to-female ratio was 1.8:1.
Their mean age at disease onset was 5.8 years (range 2–11.5 years) and the mean duration of the disease was 2.5 years (range
1–7 years). The clinical presentations in the children were musculoskeletal symptoms in all patients, mucocutaneous findings
in 10 (91%), fever in eight (73%), gastrointestinal manifestations in six (55%) and hypertension in five (45%). The most frequent
laboratory findings were leucocytosis, anaemia, thrombocytosis and a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Both histopathological
and angiographic findings were an effective means of diagnosis. Nine children responded to glucocorticoids (GC) with cytotoxic
drugs while the rest improved on GC alone. None of the children died from the disease. A high index of suspicion with early
combination therapy will help in decreasing the morality in these cases.
Received: 20 January 1998 / Accepted: 29 October 1998 相似文献
74.
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare vasculitic syndrome in childhood. There are few reported cases of ischaemic necrosis
of the intestine and even fewer survivors in adults. We report the case of a 10-year-old boy with PAN and an acute abdomen
that required operative intervention. Evidence was found of mesenteric arteritis with large ischaemic segments resulting
in infarction and perforation.
Received: 23 March 1998 / Accepted: 14 August 1998 相似文献
75.
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a necrotising vasculitis of medium-sized vessels of unknown origin. This type of vasculitis
is usually systemic, but restriction to a single organ, for example the testis, the appendix or the gall bladder, can occur.
Testicular pain or tenderness are frequent clinical features. In this report, we present three cases of PAN. In every patient,
testicular pain was the main symptom or first sign of systemic disease. We state that a thorough history taking, clinical
examination and biochemical analyses are obligatory in patients presenting with acute or chronic scrotal pain. Polyarteritis
nodosa should always be taken into account, and a search for systemic spread is mandatory. We emphasize that before initiation
of systemic therapy with corticosteroids and/or cyclophosphamide, a Five Factor Score should be obtained, which also gives
crucial prognostic information. 相似文献
76.
《Joint, bone, spine : revue du rhumatisme》2022,89(4):105320
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis that preferentially affects medium-sized vessels. The idiopathic form has become rare. Its treatment relies on corticosteroid therapy and is combined with cyclophosphamide infusions for severe forms. Secondary PANs were mainly associated with hepatitis B virus infection; they were treated with plasma exchange and antivirals in combination with short-term corticosteroid therapy. Other secondary forms of PAN are now becoming more common, such as those due to blood disorders. More recently, a monogenic form linked to adenosine deaminase-2 mutations has been identified. It requires treatment with TNF inhibitors to decrease the occurrence of ischemic central nervous system complications, which make it serious. Once remission is obtained, relapses are typically rare during PAN and affect 28% of idiopathic PANs, within an average of 26 months from the diagnosis. The prognosis has improved considerably, with 5- and 10-year survival rates of 83% and 74%. 相似文献
77.
Summary Muscle biopsies from two cases of polyarteritis nodosa (PN) and one of arteritis in association with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were examined by electron microscopy.The histological changes were similar in all three cases. The endothelial cells of the small blood vessels were often hypertrophied. Inflammatory reaction was present mainly in the vicinity of the blood vessels. Individual muscle fibres showed mostly nonspecific degenerative changes. In a case of PN, however, annulate lamellae were present in a small number of the muscle fibres. The annulate lamellae have been reported, to our knowledge, in the human skeletal muscles only in a few cases of polymyositis. In addition, two cases, one of PN and one of arteritis with RA, showed fine filamentous inclusions in the muscle fibres. Changes were also noted in the motor end-plate.A sural nerve biopsy in a case of arteritis with RA showed changes both in axons and myelin sheaths, in addition to the changes in the blood vessels similar to those in the muscle. 相似文献
78.
Kamali S Inanc M Gul A Ocal L Polat NG Kilicaslan I Aral O Konice M 《Rheumatology international》2005,26(1):16-20
Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the demographic and clinical features and prognosis of patients with different systemic necrotizing vasculitides (SNV) in Turkey. Patients and methods: Twenty-three patients with Wegeners granulomatosis (WG), 15 with polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), and two with Churg-Strauss syndrome were included in the study. The clinical and laboratory features of patients with WG and PAN were compared, and survival analysis was performed for the WG patients. Results: Twenty-one patients with WG had systemic disease involving kidneys, and two had localized disease. Fifteen patients were placed in the PAN group, 12 of whom were classified as having classic PAN and three with microscopic polyangiitis. Median follow-up time was 37 months (range 1–81) for WG patients and 41 months (range 5–132) for the PAN group. Upper respiratory tract, pulmonary, and renal involvement were significantly more frequent in the WG group than in PAN. Peripheral nervous system involvement was more frequent in the PAN group. In WG, survival was calculated as 59% at 35 months. High initial vasculitis damage index scores were found to be predictive for mortality. Conclusion: This study revealed that the most frequent type of SNV was WG in a tertiary rheumatology setting in Turkey. There was initial organ damage in most of the patients, frequently caused by severe renal involvement. In contrast to other published series, overt cardiovascular and gastrointestinal involvement were not observed in our patients with SNV. 相似文献
79.
Vasculitis in children is uncommon and hardly any information is available from India. We, at PGIMER, Chandigarh, have diagnosed
and followed many children with vasculitis of different types though not all, which occur in children. In this article, we
have given an overview of the vasculitides that we have encountered alongwith a review of relevant literature. We have described
8 children with classical PAN and have highlighted a higher frequency of CNS involvement in our patients. Amongst the 10 BCPAN
children, as many as 8 had peripheral gangrene which resulted in autoamputation in 7. Gangrene of such severity has not been
previously reported in this condition. We have also included 30 children with HSP. Gastrointestinal involvement was noted
in 86.7% of children and in one of these, it was severe encough to result in hypovolemic shock. Such severe bleeding is very
rare. Two of our patients with HSP came late to us after having been operated for an acute abdomen elsewhere. Although renal
involvement was seen less frequently than reported in the literature, the severity of involvement was greater (nephrotic range
proteinuria in 62% and azotemia in 50%). We have only limited experience of Kawasaki Disease but it appears that children
with this disorder are probably not being diagnosed in the acute stage in our country. 相似文献
80.
A 17 year old male suffered recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhages due to multiple aneurysms in the distal branches of the cerebral arteries. Autopsy revealed arteriopathy as well as the aneurysms. The arteriopathy was widespread, affecting the distal branches of small and medium-sized muscular cerebral arteries, as well as the anterior and posterior spinal arteries, and vasocorona. The arteriopathy was characterized by prominent intimal thickening, discontinuity or absence of the internal elastic lamina, and thinning and/or disappearance of smooth muscle in the tunica media with fibroplasia. Slight intimal thickening was also observed in the arteries of the circle of Willis and its major branches, as well as in the basilar artery. However, the arterioles, venules and veins showed no remarkable features. The arterial lesions were found only in the central nervous system. The multiple aneurysms in the distal branches of the cerebral arteries, which had produced the main symptoms and clinical signs, were due to the arteriopathy. 相似文献