Hb KODAIRA II: A HIGH OXYGEN AFFINITY VARIANT WITH A NOVEL MUTATION IN THEβ-GLOBIN GENE AND PHENOTYPIC IDENTITY TO Hb KODAIRA

We report a case of α⁺-thalassemia (α⁺-thal) trait caused by a novel frameshift mutation in exon 2 of the α2-globin gene, specifically a deletion of a single nucleotide at amino acid codon 81 [HBA2 c.244delT]. The mutation results in a premature termination of translation at codon 83.     

Statistics for Risk Assessment of Chemical Carcinogens∗

Risk assessment is a scientific process of evaluation of potential health risks of chemical exposures to humans from available information. It involves analysis of the relationship between exposure and health related outcomes to derive an allowable exposure level. Because of lack of human exposure data, the major source of information for studying potential health effects of chemicals on humans is generally obtained from animal dose response experiments. Animal data are often evaluated in two aspects via statistical analysis: qualitative testing and quantitative estimation. The qualitative testing is to determine if the chemical causes an adverse health effect, i.e., if there is a statistically significant difference between treated and control animals. Quantitative estimation involves fitting a dose-response model to derive an allowable exposure level for humans. This paper reviews statistical principles and procedures for qualitative and quantitative approaches to human risk assessment.     

赤小豆贴敷按摩水道穴预防肛肠病术后尿潴留的临床观察与护理

目的观察赤小豆贴敷按摩水道穴预防肛肠病术后尿潴留的临床效果。方法将655例肛肠病术后尿潴留患者随机分为实验组和对照组,对照组采用单纯水道穴按摩,实验组采用赤小豆贴敷水道穴进行按摩。结果实验组自行排尿总有效率为80.3%,对照组自行排尿总有效率为20%。实验组效果明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论赤小豆贴敷按摩两侧水道穴预防肛肠病术后尿潴留疗效显著,患者易于接受和掌握,值得临床推广运用。     

Distraction and target selection in the brain: An fMRI study

To attend successfully, a specification of what is currently relevant is necessary, but not sufficient. Irrelevant stimuli that are also present in the environment must be recognized as such and filtered out at the same time. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we showed that posterior brain regions in parietal, occipital and temporal cortex are recruited in order to ignore distracting visual stimuli, while the specification and selection of relevant stimuli is associated with differential activity in frontal cortex and hippocampal areas instead. The results thus suggest that the selection of relevant objects can be anatomically dissociated from the handling of competing irrelevant objects. The dissociation between the increased involvement of parietal and occipital cortex in handling distraction on one hand, and that of frontal cortex in target specification on the other provides neurophysiological support for models of attention that make this functional distinction.     

The implementation of a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point management system in a peanut butter ice cream plant

To ensure the safety of the peanut butter ice cream manufacture, a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan has been designed and applied to the production process. Potential biological, chemical, and physical hazards in each manufacturing procedure were identified. Critical control points for the peanut butter ice cream were then determined as the pasteurization and freezing process. The establishment of a monitoring system, corrective actions, verification procedures, and documentation and record keeping were followed to complete the HACCP program. The results of this study indicate that implementing the HACCP system in food industries can effectively enhance food safety and quality while improving the production management.     

基于初级指挥军官任职需求的军校技术类学员胜任力模型研究

目的:建立基于初级指挥军官任职需求的军校技术类学员胜任力模型。方法:通过文献法和问卷法建立初级指挥军官胜任力指标,针对军校技术类学员施测,运用统计学方法处理和分析数据。结果:建立的胜任力模型具有良好的信效度,与已有的模型相比具有一定特殊性。结论:初级指挥军官胜任力模型可以作为技术类学员选拔、训练、培养和分配的科学依据,对改革军校技术类学员培养模式具有一定启示意义。     

Utility of common bile duct measurement in ED point of care ultrasound: A prospective study

Background

Measurement of the common bile duct (CBD) is considered a fundamental component of biliary point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), but can be technically challenging.

State Level Point-of-Sale Policy Priority as a Result of the FSPTCA

The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (FSPTCA) give the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) unprecedented power to regulate tobacco products. One of the most significant provisions of the law allows state and local governments to adopt and enforce tobacco control legislation restricting the time, place, and manner (but not the content) of tobacco advertising. However, there is still reluctance among states and localities for mass adoption of laws due to challenges associated with legal feasibility and lack of U.S.-based evidence in effectiveness. The Center for Public Health Systems Science conducted interviews with key tobacco control contacts in 48 states at two time points (2012 and 2014) since the passage of the FSPTCA to assess the influence of the law on point-of-sale policy development in their state tobacco programs. Logistic regression results show that point-of-sale policy importance is growing post-FSPTCA, and that key influencers of this importance are states'' tobacco control histories and environments, including that related to excise taxes and smoke free air policies. The adoption of smokefree and tax policies has become commonplace across the U.S., and the quality and extent of these laws and prevailing political will increasingly impact the ability of states to work in emerging tobacco control policy areas including those directed at the point of sale.     

神门、三阴交穴位配伍改善失眠症患者焦虑、抑郁状态：随机对照研究

目的:观察电针神门、三阴交对失眠症患者焦虑、抑郁状态的影响,并探索其配伍效应的作用机制。方法:将90例失眠症患者随机分为配伍组、神门组和三阴交组,每组30例,并进一步筛选出37例焦虑状态患者(配伍组12例、神门组13例、三阴交组12例)和42例抑郁状态患者(配伍组14例、神门组14例、三阴交组14例)。配伍组、神门组、三阴交组分别予电针神门-三阴交、神门单穴及三阴交单穴,疏密波,频率5 Hz/25 Hz,治疗每次30 min,每天1次,连续治疗5 d为一疗程,共治疗2个疗程。分别于治疗前后评定各组患者失眠严重程度指数(ISI)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分,检测血清多巴胺(DA)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)含量。结果:与治疗前比较,治疗后3组患者ISI、SAS、SDS评分均降低(P<0.05),配伍组ISI评分低于神门组(P<0.05)。治疗后,3组失眠症焦虑状态患者ISI、SAS评分及血清DA含量均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),配伍组、神门组患者血清NE较治疗前下降(P<0.05);配伍组、神门组患者SAS评分、血清NE含量及配伍组ISI评分低...     

应用基因芯片直接检测结核病患者各类标本中利福平和异烟肼耐药的价值

目的 研究结核分枝杆菌(MTB)耐药基因芯片直接检测结核病患者临床标本中利福平和异烟肼耐药相关基因的临床价值。方法 回顾性分析125例通过硝基苯甲酸(PNB)和噻吩-2-羧酸肼(TCH)鉴别培养为MTB的临床标本,其中痰标本90例、支气管灌洗液12例、脓液12例、胸腔积液6例、组织标本3例、腹腔积液和尿液标本各1例,应用绝对浓度法同时进行利福平(RFP)和异烟肼(INH)药物敏感性试验(简称“绝对浓度法药敏试验”),并用基因芯片直接检测临床标本中MTB rpoB、katG和inhA基因型。以绝对浓度法药敏试验为标准,评价基因芯片检测RFP、INH耐药和耐多药(MDR)的敏感度和特异度,并且比较两种检测结果的一致性。结果 在125例结核病患者临床标本中,绝对浓度法药敏试验显示对RFP、INH的耐药率和MDR发生率分别为20.0%(25/125)[其中高耐占88.0%(22/25)、低耐占12.0%(3/25)]、17.6%(22/125)[其中高耐占18.2%(4/22)、低耐占81.8%(18/22)]、16.8%(21/125)。初治和复治结核病患者临床标本中MDR-MTB的检出率分别为7.6%(7/92)和39.4%(13/33)。以绝对浓度法药敏试验为标准,应用基因芯片直接检测临床标本中MTB rpoB、katG和inhA基因型,预示对RFP、INH耐药和MDR的敏感度分别为72.0%(18/25)、63.6%(14/22)和61.9%(13/21),特异度分别为91.0%(91/100)、86.4%(89/103)和89.4%(93/104),两种方法的一致率分别为87.2%(109/125)、82.4%(103/125)和84.8%(106/125)。 结论 应用耐药基因芯片直接检测结核病患者临床标本中MTB对 RFP和INH耐药的相关基因突变具有中等的敏感度和较高的特异度,可快速检出对RFP、INH耐药和MDR-TB患者,为临床早期开展有效化疗提供实验依据。