桑黄多糖对肥大细胞脱颗粒的机制

目的:观察桑黄多糖的抗过敏作用并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:通过IgE诱导大鼠被动皮肤过敏反应(PCA)实验,用比色法测定桑黄多糖在体内对肥大细胞影响。体外实验观察桑黄多糖对IgE诱导组胺释放、细胞内钙摄入及其他炎性介子的影响。结果:桑黄多糖明显抑制了肥大细胞脱颗粒、组胺的释放、细胞内钙摄入以及肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素6的释放(P<0.05)。结论:桑黄多糖抗过敏作用与抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒及炎性介子的释放有关。     

桑黄多糖片剂的成型工艺研究

目的：选择适当辅料制备桑黄（裂蹄木层孔菌）多糖片剂,考察桑黄总多糖溶出度。方法：正交设计法优选处方,以PPVP为崩解剂、CaHPO4为填充剂、1%的PVP乙醇溶液为黏合剂、硬脂酸镁和微粉硅胶为润滑剂制备桑黄多糖片剂;采用紫外分光光度法以桑黄总多糖含量为测定指标,考察其溶出度。结果与结论：按最佳工艺制备的桑黄多糖片剂,溶出度良好,符合药典要求。     

Anti-inflammatory effect of Phellinus linteus grown on germinated brown rice on dextran sodium sulfate-induced acute colitis in mice and LPS-activated macrophages

Ethnopharmacological relevance and aim of the study

Phellinus linteus is a herb used in traditional Asian medicine to treat stomachache, inflammation, and tumors. Recent studies show that the extract of Phellinus linteus has anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. However, Phellinus linteus extract has limitation of high cost and limited availability because of supply shortage. Here, we grew Phellinus linteus on germinated brown rice to address the issue of supply shortage and investigated anti-inflammatory effect in vivo as well as in vitro.

Materials and methods

Phellinus linteus grown on germinated brown rice (PBR) were extracted using filtration steps, which included γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The PBR (200, 500 mg/kg/day) was applied into the mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. We used sulfasalazine as a reference drug. In addition, mechanism related to anti-inflammatory was investigated by Western blotting.

Results

In the mouse model of DSS-induced colitis, PBR ameliorated the pathological characteristics of colitis such as shortening of colon length and improved the disease activity index score. In addition, we showed that PBR reduced the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in colitis. Western blotting showed that PBR decreased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) proteins. Further, PBR treatment reduced the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (e.g., extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and p38) in the mouse model of DSS-induced colitis.

Conclusions

Treatment of RAW 264.7 macrophages with a combination of PBR and LPS showed a significant concentration-dependent inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂) production. In addition, we determined the ability of PBR to reduce the iNOS and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression. PBR inhibited the expression of iNOS, NF-κB, and Cox-2 proteins in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. This study presents the potential use of PBR as a drug candidate against colitis.     

桑黄云芝胶囊对小鼠肉瘤S180及肝癌H22移植性肿瘤生长的抑制作用

目的:观察桑黄云芝胶囊对小鼠肉瘤S₁₈₀及肝癌H₂₂实体瘤的抑瘤作用及对肝癌H₂₂腹水型小鼠生存期的影响。方法:昆明小鼠分别右腋皮下接种肉瘤S₁₈₀及肝癌H₂₂瘤种,连续灌胃给药12d后处死动物,剥离皮下肿瘤并称重。S₁₈₀瘤块用4%多聚甲醛固定,用免疫组织化学法检测瘤组织中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF),CD4及CD8的表达。另取昆明小鼠ip肝癌H₂₂瘤种,连续桑黄云芝胶囊ip10d,停药后继续观察至小鼠死亡,记录小鼠生存天数,计算生命延长率。结果:与模型组相比,桑黄云芝胶囊可使S₁₈₀和H₂₂瘤重明显减轻,抑制VEGF表达,增强CD4和CD8表达,可明显延长H₂₂肝癌腹水型荷瘤小鼠的生存天数。结论:桑黄云芝胶囊可抑制肿瘤生长,延长荷瘤小鼠生存期,其作用机理部分与抑制新生血管生成、增强机体免疫力有关。     

桑黄云芝胶囊对Lewis肺癌自发肺转移模型小鼠的抑瘤作用

目的 :通过应用Lewis肺癌移植性肿瘤小鼠模型,观察桑黄云芝胶囊的抑瘤及抗转移作用。 方法: C₅₇BL/6小鼠右腋皮下接种Lewis肺癌瘤株,连续ig给药21 d后,处死动物,摘取瘤体称重,并计算肿瘤生长抑制率。剥离鼠肺,用Bouin氏液固定,解剖镜下计数肺部正反面及肺叶间的转移瘤集落数。 结果: 桑黄云芝胶囊高、中、低3个剂量对Lewis肺癌荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的生长均有明显的抑制作用(与模型组比较,P<0.05),抑瘤率分别为21.2%,21.0%,24.6%。桑黄云芝胶囊高剂量组Lewis肺癌荷瘤小鼠肺转移集落明显少于模型组(P<0.05)。 结论 :桑黄云芝胶囊对Lewis肺癌荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长具有明显抑制作用,并可抑制Lewis肺癌荷瘤小鼠的肺转移,以高剂量最为明显。     

基于网络药理学探讨桑黄治疗肝炎的作用机制

目的 运用网络药理学方法研究桑黄治疗肝炎的有效成分及作用靶点,为深入探索其药理作用机制提供依据.方法 本研究采用TCMSP平台中的CancerHSP软件检索桑黄的化学成分、作用靶点,通过Uniprot数据库及GendCards数据库分别检索各化学成分和肝炎对应的靶基因,找出关键基因;采用Cytoscape 3.7.2软...     

药用真菌桑黄的免疫调节作用研究进展

真菌多糖被称为生物反应调节剂,多糖及其复合物的研究已成为今年生物学、医学等领域的研究热点之一。本文在广泛收集目前国内外文献资料的基础上,针对桑黄多糖的免疫功能研究现状就其多方面的免疫调节作用做一综述。     

Phellinus linteus inhibits inflammatory mediators by suppressing redox-based NF-kappaB and MAPKs activation in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage

The mushroom Phellinus linteus has been known to exhibit potent biological activity. In contrast to the immuno-potentiating properties of Phellinus linteus, the anti-inflammatory properties of Phellinus linteus have rarely been investigated. Recently, ethanol extract and n-BuOH fractions from Phellinus linteus were deemed most effective in anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The regulatory mechanisms of Phellinus linteus butanol fractions (PLBF) on the pharmacological and biochemical actions of macrophages involved in inflammation have not been clearly defined yet. In the present study, we tested the role of PLBF on anti-inflammation patterns in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. To investigate the mechanism by which PLBF inhibits NO and PGE2 production as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, we examined the activation of IkappaB and MAPKs in LPS-activated macrophages. PLBF clearly inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB p65 subunits, which correlated with PLBF's inhibitory effects on IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation. PLBF also suppressed the activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases including p38 and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK). Furthermore, macrophages stimulated with LPS generated ROS via activation of membrane-bound NADPH oxidase, and ROS played an important role in the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and MAPKs. We demonstrated that PLBF directly blocked intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with LPS much as the NADPH oxidase inhibitors, diphenylene iodonium, and antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate did. The suppression of NADPH oxidase also inhibited NO production and iNOS protein expression. Cumulatively, these results suggest that PLBF inhibits the production of NO and PGE2 through the down-regulation of iNOS and COX-2 gene expression via ROS-based NF-kappaB and MAPKs activation. Thus, PLBF may provide a potential therapeutic approach for inflammation-associated disorders.     

桑黄对实验性肝纤维化大鼠血液动力学的影响

目的 研究桑黄对肝纤维化大鼠血液动力学的影响。方法 采用四氯化碳为主要刺激物，结合高脂低蛋白饲料及乙醇饮食，诱导大鼠肝纤维化模型，大鼠分正常对照组，模型组和桑黄治疗组，分别取血测定血液流变学指标。结果 桑黄能显降低肝纤维化大鼠的全血粘度，红细胞压积和红细胞刚性指数（P＜0．01，P＜0．05），血浆粘度和红细胞聚集指数也有一定程度的降低。结论 桑黄能改善血液动力学性能，提高肝区微循环，是其抗肝纤维化的作用机理之一。     

桑黄化学成分及体外抗肿瘤活性研究

综合运用硅胶,Sephedax LH-20,RP-8,MCI等柱色谱及硅胶薄层制备色谱,从桑黄子实体的95%乙醇提取物中分离纯化得到11个化合物,通过NMR和MS解析技术鉴定为3α-羟基木栓烷-2-酮(1),3-羟基木栓烷-3-烯-2-酮(2),麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮(3),麦角甾醇过氧化物(4),尿嘧啶(5),尿嘧啶核苷(6),4-(3,4-二羟苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮(7),原儿茶醛(8),inotilone(9),inoseavin A(10),phellibaumin E(11),其中化合物1,2,5,6为首次从该属真菌中分离得到。采用Cell TiterGLo ATP荧光活性检测法,11个化合物对41株离体肿瘤细胞和2株正常仓鼠细胞高通量筛选,结果显示化合物2~4对髓性白血病细胞系NOMO-1和SKM-1效果较好,其中化合物2,3体现出较好的选择性(对NOMO-1的IC_(50)分别为0.795 5,1.828μmol·L~(-1);对SKM-1的IC_(50)10μmol·L~(-1));化合物7对肺癌细胞系H526、前列腺癌细胞系DU145、白血病细胞系HEL效果较为明显(IC_(50)分别为0.533 4,1.885,1.057μmol·L~(-1)),并显示出较好的选择性;其他化合物体外抗肿瘤作用不显著或没有活性。此外,所有化合物对正常仓鼠细胞系CHL和CHO均无明显作用(IC_(50)10μmol·L~(-1)),显示所有化合物对正常细胞无毒副作用。