桑黄多糖对S180的直接抑制作用

目的研究桑黄多糖对肿瘤S180细胞的直接抑制作用。方法用MTT比色法检测用有无桑黄多糖的培养基培养的肿瘤细胞S180的增殖活性,用流氏细胞仪检测其作用机制是否与凋亡有关及用药后细胞周期的变化。结果与对照组相比,桑黄多糖能直接抑制S180增殖,流式细胞计量术分析显示,桑黄多糖主要通过促进肿瘤细胞凋亡,使瘤细胞增殖周期停滞于G2/M期来抑制肿瘤细胞增殖。结论桑黄多糖能直接诱导肿瘤细胞S180凋亡发挥直接抑制肿瘤作用。     

正交试验结合多指标综合加权评分法优化桑黄的微波蜜炙工艺

目的 优化桑黄微波蜜炙工艺。方法 以麦角甾醇、原儿茶醛、原儿茶酸和外观性状为评价指标,对影响因素蜜水比、蜜水与桑黄质量比、微波功率、微波时间进行考察,采用正交试验结合多指标综合加权评分法优化桑黄微波蜜炙最佳工艺参数。结果 桑黄最佳微波蜜炙工艺为取桑黄生品（1 cm³方块状）,加适量辅料拌匀,闷润2 h至辅料被吸尽,于微波功率300 W下炮制2 min,取出,置50 ℃烘箱内2 h,取出,晾凉,每100 kg桑黄用炼蜜、水各25 kg。结论 所得的桑黄微波蜜炙工艺合理、可行,可为规范桑黄蜜炙成品质量及其工业化生产加工提供参考。     

Comparative immunomodulating activities of polysaccharides isolated from Phellinus spp. on cell-mediated immunity

The comparison of potent immunomodulating activities of hot-aqueous polysaccharides isolated from Phellinus spp., P. linteus (PL), P. baumii (PB) and P. gilvus (PG), on cellular immunity were investigated. The results showed that all three kinds of Phellinus spp. could stimulate the proliferation of murine splenocytes, and PG has more powerful stimulating activity than other Phellinus spp. Furthermore, PL and PB significantly increased the proliferation of the mixed splenocytes in a concentration-response manner, and the stimulating effect of PL was significantly higher than that of PB at all concentrations used in the present study, but no stimulating effect was found with the addition of PG. The phagocytosis of both peritoneal macrophage and RAW264.7 cells was also increased in the presence of PG, PB or PL, and the stimulating activity of PG was higher than that of PB or PL at all concentrations tested.     

缝裂层孔菌对荷瘤小鼠放、化疗的减毒增效作用

目的：通过缝裂层孔菌（PL）与放、化疗联合应用于荷瘤小鼠,探讨PL对放、化疗的减毒增效作用。方法：小鼠右前肢腋下荷瘤细胞胃癌（MFC细胞株）,随机分13组,即空白对照组,及单纯CTX高、中和低3个剂量组（20、10和5 mg•kg^-1）,以及PL高、中和低3个剂量（2.0、1.0和0.5 g•kg^-1）分别与CTX 3个剂量联合给药组。空白对照组每日灌胃给予蒸馏水0.01 mL•g^-1;CTX为隔日腹腔注射给药;PL为每日灌胃给药,连续给药10 d。停药日处死小鼠,应用重量法观察各组荷瘤（胃癌）小鼠体重和瘤重的变化。小鼠右后肢胫骨外侧皮下荷瘤细胞肝癌（HepA细胞株）,随机分5组,即空白对照组、单纯X线放疗组、PL 3个剂量分别与放疗联合治疗组。空白对照组每日灌胃给予蒸馏水0.01 mL•g^-1;PL为每日灌胃给药,连续14 d;X线照射于PL给药第5天开始,每次照射0.5 Gy,每日1次,共5次。PL停药后次日处死小鼠,应用重量法观察各组荷瘤（肝癌）小鼠体重和瘤重的变化。结果：单纯CTX 3个剂量和分别与PL 3个剂量联合给药各组荷瘤（胃癌）小鼠瘤重较空白对照组均明显降低（P<0.01）; CTX和PL联合给药各组荷瘤（胃癌）小鼠瘤重较单纯同剂量CTX组均明显降低（P<0.05或P<0.01)。与空白对照组比较,单纯应用CTX 3个剂量组荷瘤（胃癌）小鼠体重均明显降低（P<0.05或P<0.01),CTX和PL联合给药各组荷瘤（胃癌）小鼠体重均无明显变化。单纯X线放疗和分别与PL高、中和低3个剂量联合应用各组荷瘤（肝癌）小鼠瘤重较空白对照组均明显降低（P<0.01）,不同剂量PL和X线联合应用各组荷瘤（肝癌）小鼠瘤重较单纯X线放疗组均显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01)。与空白对照组比较,单纯X线放疗组荷瘤（肝癌）小鼠体重明显降低（P<0.05）,不同剂量PL和X线联合应用各组荷瘤（肝癌）小鼠体重均无明显变化。结论：PL与放疗（CTX）、化疗（X线）联合应用,在治疗荷瘤（胃癌、肝癌）小鼠中有协同作用,并且PL对放、化疗有减毒增效作用。     

忍冬木层孔菌子实体29种微量元素分析

目的：分析忍冬木层孔菌子实体微量元素含量,为忍冬木层孔菌用药安全提供依据。方法用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定忍冬木层孔菌子实体及其寄主水马桑中29种微量元素的含量。结果忍冬木层孔菌子实体中重金属元素Pb含量为3.36μg/g,Cu含量为9.68μg/g,As含量为1.38μg/g,Cd未检出。忍冬木层孔菌子实体中微量元素与寄主水马桑中微量元素基本成正相关。结论忍冬木层孔菌子实体中Pb〈5μg/g、Cu〈20μg/g、As〈2.0μg/g、Cd〈0.3μg/g,符合药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准的限量标准。     

Chain terpenoids isolated from cultures of basidiomycete Phellinus sp.

Two new sesquiterpenoids (phellinuins H and I), together with five known compounds, were isolated from cultures of mushroom Phellinus sp. Their structures were elucidated based on comparison of nuclear magnetic resonance and MS data and those reported in the literature. All of these compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against five cancer cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW-480).     

Phellinus linteus Extract Augments the Immune Response in Mitomycin C-Induced Immunodeficient Mice

Phellinus linteus is a fungus distributed throughout Japan, Korea and China. Boiled water-soluble extracts from P. linteus (PLW) have shown anti-tumor and immunomodulatory properties in experiments done by intraperitoneal treatment, or in in vitro cell cultures. This is the first investigation on how oral administration of PLW influences immune responses. Here, we established immunodeficient mice by mitomycin C (MMC) and then researched how PLW influenced plaque-forming cell (PFC) production and populations of cytokine [interferon- (IFNgamma-) and interleukin-4 (IL-4)]-producing T lymphocytes. PLW samples were administered orally for 19 days (1, 2 or 4 g/kg/day). PFC assay was followed using Jerne's method. IFN- and IL-4-producing T lymphocyte populations were measured by flow-activated cell sorter (FACS). These assays were conducted the day after the last oral administration. MMC groups were given MMC (1 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally for 6 days with PLW administration. The number of PFC per 10(6) spleen cells increased significantly in the PLW (2 g/kg/day) group when compared with the MMC-control (P < 0.05) while populations of IFNgamma- and IL-4-producing T lymphocytes decreased by MMC treatment. However, the PLW group tended to increase more than the MMC-control. Our results indicated that PLW augments the immune response of the spleen in MMC-induced immunodeficient mice.     

Protective effects of Phellinus linteus extract against iron overload-mediated oxidative stress in cultured rat hepatocytes

Phellinus linteus (PL) mushroom has been reported to possess antioxidant activity. The present study was designed to investigate whether an ethanol extract obtained from PL might ameliorate oxidative stress and enhance antioxidant enzyme activities in primary rat hepatocytes, which were overloaded with iron using ferric nitrilotriacetate (FeNTA) complex. FeNTA enables hepatocytes to accumulate substantially redox-active iron and stimulates the production of injurious hydroxyl radicals, which in turn, initiate oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity. The results showed that pretreatment of hepatocytes with PL extract (50, 100 and 200 microg/mL) for 24 h significantly reversed FeNTA-induced cell viability loss, lactate dehydrogenase leakage (LDH), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyl formation in a dose-dependent manner. It was further observed that PL extract produced an inhibitory effect on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation caused by FeNTA. Concomitantly, the amount of GSH content and the activities of glutathione reductase (GSH Rd) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) in hepatocytes pretreated with PL extract increased substantially compared with those treated with FeNTA alone. These results suggest that PL may be useful in protecting against FeNTA-induced oxidative damage and also be capable of attenuating cytotoxicity of other oxidants.     

Antiplatelet activity of Phellinus baummii methanol extract is mediated by cyclic AMP elevation and inhibition of collagen-activated integrin-α(IIb) β₃ and MAP kinase

Phellinus baumii is a mushroom that has been used as folk medicine against various diseases and is reported to have antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antihypertensive activities. However, information on the effects of P. baumii extract in platelet function is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the impact of a P. baumii methanol extract (PBME) on platelet activation and to investigate the mechanism behind its antiplatelet activity. PBME effects on agonist‐induced platelet aggregation, granule secretion, [Ca²⁺]_i mobilization, α_IIbβ₃ activation, cyclic AMP release and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylations were studied using rat platelets. PBME dose‐dependently inhibited collagen, thrombin and ADP‐induced platelet aggregation with an IC₅₀ of 51.0 ± 2.4, 54.0 ± 2.1 and 53.0 ± 4.3 μg/mL, respectively. Likewise, thrombin‐induced [Ca²⁺]_i and collagen‐activated ATP secretions were suppressed in PBME treated platelets. Aggregation and ATP secretion were also markedly attenuated by PBME alone or in combination with PP2 (Src inhibitor) and U‐73122 (PLC inhibitor) in collagen‐stimulated platelets. Besides, PBME treatment elevated basal cyclic AMP levels and inhibited collagen‐induced integrin‐α_IIbβ₃ activation. Moreover, PBME attenuated extracellular‐signal‐regulated protein kinase 2 (ERK2) and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) phosphorylations. Further PD98059 (ERK inhibitor) and SP60025 (JNK inhibitor) reduced collagen‐induced platelet aggregation and ATP secretion. In conclusion, the observed PBME antiplatelet activity may be mediated by activation of cyclic AMP and inhibition of ERK2 and JNK1 phosphorylations. Finally, these data suggest that PBME may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases that involve aberrant platelet function. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

New abscisic acid-related metabolites from Phellinus vaninii

Two new and three known abscisic acid-related metabolites were obtained from the potato dextrose agar culture of Phellinus vaninii YB2005. Their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses, including 1D NMR, 2D NMR, and HR-Q-TOF-MS techniques. The putative biosynthesis pathway of these secondary metabolites would decipher the mechanism of the symbiosis between plant and fungi from the view of chemistry.