Model-independent assessment of accumulation kinetics based on moments of drug disposition curves

Summary The bounds of the accumulation profile can be predicted on the basis of the mean disposition residence time (MDRT) of a drug. The time to reach 90% of the plateau level (t _0.9) is less than 3.7 MDRT. This prediction can be improved if, in addition, the variance of disposition residence time (VDRT, CV _D ² =VDRT/MDRT²), or the terminal exponential coefficient (), is known. For CV _D ² 1 or MDRT1, the time to reach steady state (t_0.9) approaches 2.3 MDRT (limiting case of monoexponential drug disposition curve). Conditions are stated under which can be regarded as the principal determinant of the accumulation rate.     

基于共生理论的国家医联体绩效考核指标分析及优化

基于共生理论,从共生单位、共生环境、共生模式和共生界面4个要素入手,分析国家医联体绩效考核指标中存在问题。国家医联体绩效考核指标的横向可比性有待增强,部分指标标准未统一,指标导向性不强。由此总结出加强医联体绩效考核的导向性作用,强化指标的横向可比性,将医联体文化融合的指标纳入医联体绩效考核四项措施。     

茯苓多糖及三萜类成分抗肿瘤的研究进展

目的：恶性肿瘤已成为严重威胁人类健康的公共卫生问题,中草药因“简、便、廉、验”,通过“多成分-多靶点-多通路”发挥抗肿瘤作用成为研究热点。该文总结近年来茯苓主要活性成分三萜类、多糖类等化合物抗肿瘤的研究进展并加以述评,以期为茯苓抗肿瘤提供客观且全面的研究参考。方法：对PubMed、谷歌学术和中国知网（CNKI）等数据库进行文献搜索,搜索时间跨度为1995至2022年,关键词定义为茯苓和恶性肿瘤,文献包括基础研究、临床观察和综述。结果：检索结果显示茯苓主要活性成分以茯苓酸为代表的三萜类、以茯苓多糖为代表的多糖类等化合物在抑制恶性肿瘤增殖与诱导凋亡、抑制侵袭转移、调节患者免疫功能及提高生活质量等方面表现出广泛的药理作用。另外,茯苓的栽培方式、用药部位、生长环境、采收周期、用药剂型、加工方式等均影响茯苓不同有效成分的含量。结论：茯苓多糖及三萜类成分在抗肿瘤方面具有较大的潜力,但仍面临着创新性不足和缺乏高质量临床试验的问题。中药茯苓各方面质控标准化的缺失可能会影响茯苓发挥其最大程度的抗肿瘤作用,亟待个性化、标准化的质控标准出台。茯苓抗肿瘤具备一定的科学性和良好的应用前景,但从基础研究到实际应用...     

Functional Health Literacy: Psychometric Properties of the Newest Vital Sign for Portuguese Adolescents (NVS-PTeen)

Self-management of health requires skills to obtain, process, understand, and use health-related information. Assessment of adolescents’ functional health literacy requires valid, reliable, and low-burden tools. The main objective of this study was to adapt and study the psychometric properties of the Newest Vital Sign for the Portuguese adolescents’ population (NVS-PTeen). Classic psychometric indicators of reliability and validity were combined with item response theory (IRT) analyses in a cross-sectional survey, complemented with a 3-month test-retest assessment. The NVS-PTeen was self-administered to students enrolled in grades 8 to 12 (12 to 17 years old) in a school setting. Overall, 386 students (191 girls) from 16 classes of the same school participated in the study (mean age = 14.5; SD = 1.5). Internal reliability of the NVS-PTeen was α = 0.60. The NVS-PTeen total score was positively and significantly correlated with Portuguese (r = 0.28) and mathematics scores (r = 0.31), school years (r = 0.31), and age (r = 0.19). Similar to the original scale (for the U.S.), the NVS-PTeen is composed of two dimensions, reading-related literacy and numeracy. Temporal reliability is adequate, though with a learning effect. IRT analyses revealed differences in difficulty and discriminative capacity among items, all with adequate outfit and infit values. Results showed that the NVS-PTeen is valid and reliable, sensible to inter-individual educational differences, and adequate for regular screening of functional health literacy in adolescents.     

Social tariffs and democratic choice—Do population‐based health state values reflect the will of the people?

In economic evaluations of health technologies, health outcomes are commonly measured in terms of quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs). QALYs are the product of time and health‐related quality of life. Health‐related quality of life, in turn, is determined by a social tariff, which is supposed to reflect the public's preference over health states. This study argues that, because of the tariff's role in the societal decision‐making process, it should not be understood as merely an operational (statistical) definition of health, but as a major instrument of democratic participation. I outline what implications this might have for both the method used to aggregate individual preferences, and the set of individuals whose preferences should count. Alternative tariff specifications and decision rules are explored, and future research directions are proposed.     

CT诊断输尿管梗阻病因分析

目的　探讨CT诊断输尿管梗阻病因的价值。方法　本文收集 17例经多种泌尿系统的检查而未能确诊病因的资料。其中 ,12例经手术病理证实 ,2例经体外震波碎石治疗 ,3例经临床随访证实。结果　单纯性结石 5例 ,炎性狭窄 4例 ,乳头状移行细胞癌 2例 ,输尿管慢性炎症伴结石 1例 ,黄色肉芽肿性慢性肾盂肾炎伴结石 1例 ,右侧异位输尿管开口伴囊肿结石 1例 ,多囊肾伴左肾盂输尿管交界处狭窄 1例 ,左输尿管结核1例 ,乳房癌、直肠癌转移 /或侵犯输尿管各 1例。定位诊断率 10 0 % ,定性诊断率 88 2 4 %。结论　CT做为输尿管梗阻常规检查后的补充检查手段能有效提高病因诊断的正确率。     

饮食行为与前列腺癌相关性病例对照分析

目的：分析不同食物的食用频度或习惯与前列腺癌发生的相关关系。方法：设计饮食频度调查表,并采用以医院为基础的频数配比病例对照研究方法,对186例经组织病理学或细胞学检查确诊的前列腺癌患者及按频数配比要求选配的236例对照者的饮食情况进行了调查。结果：主食大米,喝牛奶,猪肉,禽肉,蛋类,萝卜,青绿菜及豆类食品等与前列腺癌发病危险性的高低有统计学关联（P＜0．05）,将饮食因素同时引入模型进行多因素逐步非条件Logistic回归分析,显示喝牛奶,猪肉,蛋类的食用频率与前列腺癌危险性的增加有关（P＜0．05）,水果,青绿菜,豆类食品的食用频度则与前列腺癌危险性的降低有关联（P＜0．05）,未发现鱼类,动物肝脏,牛羊肉,喜食咸,喜食辛辣食物等食物的食用频度或习惯与前列腺癌有关。结论：不同食物或其营养成分与前列腺癌的发生和发展密切相关。     

叙事医学视域下的“病为本，工为标”

“病为本, 工为标”是中医对医疗活动中医患的主从关系的论述, 强调患者的地位及医患配合的重要性, 这与叙事医学理论构建中的“主体间性”理念有着相似之处。文章旨在通过对“病为本, 工为标”进行阐释, 结合叙事医学原理钩沉, 尤其侧重对主客间性进行挖掘, 拓展其现代价值, 为中国叙事医学发展助力。     

基于络病理论从芳香通络疗法论治冠状动脉微循环障碍

近年来,随着冠脉介入诊疗技术的普及,冠状动脉微循环障碍（CMD）的检出率逐步升高,CMD已成为远期心血管事件的独立预测因子。络病理论认为CMD病位在络,病机为心络瘀阻、心络郁滞/虚滞和心络绌急,通络成为其基本的治法治则。芳香类药物可直接入络搜邪,芳香通络疗法较单纯活血通络法疗效更佳。故而从络病理论、芳香通络疗法的立法依据等方面,对芳香通络疗法治疗CMD进行论述。     

《中西医结合防治小儿腹泻病专家共识》解读

小儿腹泻病是儿童消化系统最常见的疾病,2022年中国中西医结合学会儿科专业委员会制定了《中西医结合防治小儿腹泻病专家共识》。现结合临床实践及最新的研究结果,对《中西医结合防治小儿腹泻病专家共识》中小儿腹泻病的发病机制、诊断和治疗中的重点内容进行解读,以期加深医务工作者对《中西医结合防治小儿腹泻病专家共识》的认识,促进中西医结合规范化治疗小儿腹泻病。