Thrombocytopenia due to hypersplenism in oncological disease: Partial splenic embolization during palliative treatment

Hypersplenism is excess activity of the spleen, resulting in peripheral pancytopenia that predominates in platelet cell lines. Pancytopenia can be limited by reducing the volume of the functional spleen. However, in patients in very poor general condition, a splenectomy may not be possible, due to the risks of surgery and postoperative infection. Another therapeutic alternative in these patients is to reduce the volume of the spleen by super selective percutaneous splenic embolization. We report three cases of peripheral thrombocytopenia due to hypersplenism with a platelet count between 60,000 and 80,000/mm³, which made it impossible to continue or start a chemotherapy protocol in these patients. For these patients, super selective partial embolization of the splenic parenchyma, with uncharged microspheres (250 microns) quickly resulted in a platelet count above 150,000/mm³ so that chemotherapy could be continued or initiated.     

RhD变异型DⅥⅢ型的血清学及基因定型研究

目的：探讨血清学定型为RhD变异型DⅥⅢ型的分子基础。方法对2例RhD定型弱阳性、阴性反应的标本进行ABD（DⅥ-）血型卡检测、试管法检测IgM抗-D、Liss/Coombs卡检测IgG抗-D、直接抗人球蛋白试验、Rh分型卡检测Rh抗原分型、同时采用PCR-SSP进行RhD基因检测。结果2例标本IgM抗-D均阴性,3批IgG抗-D均4+,ABD（DⅥ-）血型卡D阴性,Rh分型为Ccee,RhD基因检测结果为D3-6外显子缺失,确认为DⅥⅢ型,基因结构为RhD-CE(3-6)-D。结论对于RhD弱阳性的标本可采用分子生物学的方法做基因定型。作为受血者和供血者在临床输血中和临床抗-D同种免疫的预防和监护中的策略是不同的。     

2型糖尿病患者尿液的代谢组学研究

目的 从代谢组学角度分析并寻找2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者可能的代谢标记物。方法 选取30例初诊、或有糖尿病史经药物治疗控制不理想且无并发症的T2DM 患者,另选取30例性别、年龄匹配的健康者为正常对照。收集清晨空腹中段尿,以气相色谱- 质谱联用（GC-MS）技术对尿液样本进行代谢图谱分析,正交偏最小二乘法判别研究尿液内源性化合物在两组间的差异。结果 T2DM 组和正常对照组尿液代谢谱明显分离。与正常对照组比较,T2DM 组尿液2,3,4- 三羟基丁酸、肌醇、D- 葡萄糖、D- 葡萄糖酸及尿素含量升高（P＜0.05 或0.01）,马尿酸含量减少（P＜0.01）。结论 代谢组学检查提示T2DM 患者尿液中代谢标志物为2,3,4- 三羟基丁酸、肌醇、马尿酸、D-葡萄糖、D- 葡萄糖酸及尿素,观察这些标志物含量的变化有助于T2DM 的临床诊断及发病机制研究。     

Effects of underwater treadmill training on leg strength,balance, and walking performance in adults with incomplete spinal cord injury

Objective

To document the effects of underwater treadmill training (UTT) on leg strength, balance, and walking performance in adults with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI).

Design

Pre-test and post-test design.

Setting

Exercise physiology laboratory.

Participants

Adult volunteers with iSCI (n = 11).

Intervention

Participants completed 8 weeks (3 × /week) of UTT. Each training session consisted of three walks performed at a personalized speed, with adequate rest between walks. Body weight support remained constant for each participant and ranged from 29 to 47% of land body weight. Increases in walking speed and duration were staggered and imposed in a gradual and systematic fashion.

Outcome measures

Lower-extremity strength (LS), balance (BL), preferred and rapid walking speeds (PWS and RWS), 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), and daily step activity (DSA).

Results

Significant (P < 0.05) increases were observed in LS (13.1 ± 3.1 to 20.6 ± 5.1 N·kg⁻¹), BL (23 ± 11 to 32 ± 13), PWS (0.41 ± 0.27 to 0.55 ± 0.28 m·s⁻¹), RWS (0.44 ± 0.31 to 0.71 ± 0.40 m·s⁻¹), 6MWD (97 ± 80 to 177 ± 122 m), and DSA (593 ± 782 to 1310 ± 1258 steps) following UTT.

Conclusion

Physical function and walking ability were improved in adults with iSCI following a structured program of UTT featuring individualized levels of body weight support and carefully staged increases in speed and duration. From a clinical perspective, these findings highlight the potential of UTT in persons with physical disabilities and diseases that would benefit from weight-supported exercise.     

Simultaneous partial splenectomy during liver transplantation for advanced cirrhosis patients combined with severe splenomegaly and hypersplenism

BACKGROUND The most effective treatment for advanced cirrhosis and portal hypertension is liver transplantation(LT).However,splenomegaly and hypersplenism can persist even after LT in patients with massive splenomegaly.AIM To examine the feasibility of performing partial splenectomy during LT in patients with advanced cirrhosis combined with severe splenomegaly and hypersplenism.METHODS Between October 2015 and February 2019,762 orthotopic LTs were performed for patients with end-stage liver diseases in Tianjin First Center Hospital.Eighty-four cases had advanced cirrhosis combined with severe splenomegaly and hypersplenism.Among these patients,41 received partial splenectomy during LT(PSLT group),and 43 received only LT(LT group).Patient characteristics,intraoperative parameters,and postoperative outcomes were retrospectively analyzed and compared between the two groups.RESULTS The incidence of postoperative hypersplenism(2/41,4.8%)and recurrent ascites(1/41,2.4%)in the PSLT group was significantly lower than that in the LT group(22/43,51.2%;8/43,18.6%,respectively).Seventeen patients(17/43,39.5%)in the LT group required two-stage splenic embolization,and further splenectomy was required in 6 of them.The operation time and intraoperative blood loss in the PSLT group(8.6±1.3 h;640.8±347.3 mL)were relatively increased compared with the LT group(6.8±0.9 h;349.4±116.1 mL).The incidence of postoperative bleeding,pulmonary infection,thrombosis and splenic arterial steal syndrome in the PSLT group was not different to that in the LT group,respectively.CONCLUSION Simultaneous PSLT is an effective treatment and should be performed in patients with advanced cirrhosis combined with severe splenomegaly and hypersplenism to prevent postoperative persistent hypersplenism.     

肝部分切除联合胆肠吻合术治疗肝内胆管结石患者临床疗效及术后结石复发危险因素分析*

目的 研究采用肝部分切除联合胆肠吻合术治疗肝内胆管结石患者的临床疗效,分析术后结石复发的相关危险因素。方法 2018年1月～2021年1月我院收治的62例肝内胆管结石患者,其中29例对照组患者接受肝部分切除术治疗,33例观察组患者接受肝部分切除联合胆肠吻合术治疗,术后随访所有患者1年。使用全自动生化分析仪检测血生化指标,应用Logistic回归分析影响术后结石复发的相关危险因素。结果 手术后,两组血清ALT和AST水平下降,低水平黄疸消退;术后两组并发症发生率比较无显著性差异(9.1% 对13.8%,P＞0.05);在术后随访1年,超声检查显示观察组结石复发率为15.2%,显著低于对照组的41.4%(P＜0.05);在62例肝内胆管结石患者中,术后结石复发17例(27.4%);单因素分析结果显示,复发与未复发患者结石残留、胆道狭窄和手术方法存在显著性差异(P＜0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,结石残留[OR(95%CI)为3.5(1.3～9.6)]和胆道狭窄[OR(95%CI)为2.7(1.1～6.6)]是影响肝内胆管结石患者术后结石复发的独立危险因素,而手术方法[OR(95%CI)为0.4(0.1～0.9)]为其保护因素(P＜0.05)。结论 采用肝部分切除联合胆肠吻合术治疗肝内胆管结石患者可显著降低术后结石复发率,值得进一步研究。     

Partial Virological Response after 2 Years of Entecavir Therapy Increases the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Cirrhosis

Background/AimsThe clinical significance of partial virological response (PVR) in patients undergoing antiviral therapy is not well known. This study investigated whether PVR after 2 years of entecavir (ETV) therapy is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in cirrhotic patients.MethodsA total of 472 naïve patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated cirrhosis who were treated with ETV for at least 2 years were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical characteristics, laboratory data, PVR, and noninvasive fibrosis markers (aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio and FIB-4 index) at 2 years after ETV commencement were analyzed for HCC risk.ResultsAfter excluding those who developed HCC within 2 years of ETV therapy, 359 patients (mean age, 51±10 years; male 64.3%) were examined. During a median follow-up of 82 months, 80 patients developed HCC. In the univariate analysis, older age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.056; p<0.001), PVR (HR, 2.536; p=0.002), higher aspartate aminotransferase (HR, 1.018; p=0.005), lower albumin level (HR, 0.463; p<0.001), lower platelet count (HR, 0.993; p=0.01), and higher FIB-4 index (HR, 1.141; p<0.001) at 2 years after ETV commencement were risk factors for HCC. In the multivariate analysis, older age (HR, 1.046; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.022 to 1.072; p<0.001), PVR (HR, 2.358; 95% CI, 1.310 to 4.245; p=0.004), and higher FIB-4 index (HR, 1.103; 95% CI, 1.035 to 1.177; p=0.003) were independent risk factors.ConclusionsPVR and higher FIB-4 index after 2 years of ETV therapy were independent risk factors for HCC. Therefore, efforts to accomplish a complete virological response and reduce the FIB-4 index should be made. (Gut Liver 2021;15-439)