用MTTp和F-V曲线形状对吸烟者肺通气功能的对比研究

为评价部分平均通过时间（ＭＴＴｐ）和Ｆ－Ｖ曲线形状对检查吸烟者小气道功能的临床意义,作者对１１６例被动和轻、重度主动吸烟者进行了常规肺通气功能、ＭＴＴｐ和Ｆ－Ｖ曲线形状的探讨。常规肺通气功能和Ｆ－Ｖ曲线形状用常规法测定。ＭＴＴｐ用“简易计算法”公式计算。结果显示凸型Ｆ－Ｖ曲线的分布随吸烟程度而上升。·Ｖ５０、·Ｖ２５下降及ＭＴＴ４５％～５５％、ＭＴＴ７０％～８０％延长在凸型与重度吸烟组一致。ＭＴＴ４５％～５５％与ＭＴＴ７０％～８０％延长的范围在两者都是预计值的１１０％～１２０％,表明小气道功能已有轻度障碍。因而凸型Ｆ－Ｖ曲线、ＭＴＴ４５％～５５％及ＭＴＴ７０％～８０％延长、·Ｖ５０、·Ｖ２５下降都是检查小气道功能的敏感指标。用“简易计算法”计算ＭＴＴｐ简便准确,宜于临床推广应用     

Laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy

Background: Most laparoscopic adrenalectomies involve total removal of the whole adrenal gland, and reports of laparoscopic partial adrenalectomies have been very few. The criteria for performing a laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy have not been described. Methods: (a) Patients with functioning adrenal tumors smaller than 3 cm in diameter were selected. (b) The solitary adrenal tumors were evaluated by preoperative thin-slice computed tomography (CT) scan. (c) Solitary lesions were reconfirmed with intraoperative ultrasonography. (d) Partial adrenalectomy was performed with at least a 5-mm margin using a vascular stapler. Results: Laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy was performed in five patients using the vascular stapler. Hemostasis was perfect in all five patients. The tumor was located in the inferior part of the right adrenal gland in three cases and in the upper pole of the left adrenal gland in two cases. The postoperation pathologic diagnosis was adrenocortical adenoma in all five patients, and excessive hormonal levels or symptoms all disappeared. Conclusions: Laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy can be performed safely using a vascular stapler. Received: 26 May 1998/Accepted: 30 June 1998     

Application of the Electrotopological State Index to QSAR Analysis of Flavone Derivatives as HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors

Purpose. A QSAR study based on electrotopological state (E-state) indices was conducted for a series of flavone HIV-1 integrase inhibitors to guide drug design. Methods. E-state indices formulated to encode electronic and topological information for each skeletal atom in a molecule (Kier and Hall Pharm. Res. 7:801–807 (1990)) were calculated using the Molconn-X program, and partial least squares (PLS) multivariate regression was used to derive QSAR models. Results. Predictive models with correlation coefficients (r²) of 0.98 (3 PLS components) and 0.99 (5 PLS components) and corresponding cross-validated correlation coefficients (c.v. r²) of 0.51 and 0.73, were obtained for inhibition of cleavage and integration, respectively, with one molecule omitted from the analysis. Conclusions. E-state indices at C6, C3, C5, C5, and O4 were found to be more important for prediction of activity than those for any of the other 12 flavone skeletal atoms that are common to the molecules in the data set.     

Videolaparoscopic treatment of liver hydatid cysts with partial cystectomy and omentoplasty

Hydatid disease is one of the world's most important health problems. Although several conservative approaches have been used for the management of this condition, surgery remains the ideal choice in most of the cases. Videolaparoscopic approach can safely be applied for the management of liver hydatid cysts if several precautions are undertaken. In this study, we present two liver hydatid cyst cases successfully treated with partial cystectomy and omentoplasty using videolaparoscopic approach.     

β-Adrenoceptor blocking agents as partial agonists in isolated heart muscle: Dissociation of stimulation and blockade

Summary The cardiac stimulant actions of nine -adrenoceptor blocking agents were examined in kitten papillary muscles and in isolated atria of kittens and guinea pigs to determine to what extent these drugs behaved as classical partial agonists. In many ways the agents do appear to comprise a spectrum of partial agonists with widely differing efficacies. However, in one respect the actions of some of the -blockers did not fit into the classical mold. Several -blockers were found to exert stimulant effects only in concentrations appreciably higher than those required for substantial -adrenoceptor blockade. These observations suggest that more than one type of -adrenoceptor may be involved in the production of sympathomimetic effects on cardiac muscle.     

Partial Motor Epilepsy with "Negative Myoclonus"

Three children had both nocturnal unilateral motor seizures and daytime ipsilateral "negative myoclonus" which occurred so frequently that it resembled asterixis. Neurophysiologic studies demonstrated lateralized spike discharges that were time-locked to postural lapse in the contralateral outstretched arm. The clinical course was characterized by good seizure control with benzodiazepines.     

肩胛舌骨肌瓣修复喉部分切除术后缺损

目的：探讨肩胛舌骨肌瓣修复喉部分切除术后缺损的可行性和临床疗效。方法：对24例声门上型、声门型喉癌患者切除肿瘤和受累的软骨，以肩胛舌骨肌瓣修复组织缺损、重建声门。对于一侧杓状软骨固定患者，切除杓状软骨，在取肩胛舌骨肌瓣同时连带切取一小块舌骨，将小舌骨块固定于杓状软骨缺损处，用残余黏膜覆盖之。声门上型T2、声门型T3以上患者术后接受放射治疗(50～60Gy)。结果：随访1～5年，1例声门上型(T3)患者于术后2年9个月死于局部复发，1例声门型(T3)患者于术后4年3个月死于颈部转移和骨转移。拔管率为95．8％。91．7％的患者发声近乎正常或声哑。吞咽功能全部恢复。结论：经过仔细选择病例，肩胛舌骨肌瓣修复喉部分切除术后缺损、重建声门是积极有效和切实可行的。     

鼻腔神经部分切断术及下鼻甲粘骨膜下剥离术治疗变应性鼻炎18例临床分析

目的：观察鼻腔神经部分切断术和下鼻甲粘骨膜下血管神经离断术对变应性鼻炎的疗效。方法：对18例常年性变应性鼻炎患者进行鼻腔神经部分切断术与下鼻甲粘骨膜下血管神经离断术。所有病例随访12个月，评价其临床效果。结果：10例临床症状消失，体征明显改善；7例临床症状明显缓解，体征改善；1例无效。总有效率94．4％。结论：鼻腔神经部分切断和下鼻甲粘骨膜下血管神经离断术治疗常年性变应性鼻炎效果显著。     

组合小片胶囊释放行为的研究及其数学模型嵌合组合小片胶囊释放行为的研究及其数学模型嵌合

目的制备硝苯地平(nifedipine，NP)的速释小片、缓释小片以及不同时滞的脉冲小片和延缓小片，多途径组合实现多次脉冲释药、定位释药、定速释药及快/慢释药系统等。方法采用非线性最小二乘法模型嵌合通用程序求出各小片释药的速率方程，比较4种方案的组合释药理论速率-时间曲线与实测值的差异。结果速率方程较为准确地描述了单片释药行为，速率-时间曲线中各种组合的体外释药实测值与各模拟方程迭加形成的理论曲线较接近，表明组合释药行为是可以理论表征的，因而组合设计可控，组合效应可预估。结论通过加和速率方程可预测由各种小片不同用量、不同组合灌装于胶囊内形成的多种释药行为。     

肝动脉栓塞加部分脾栓塞治疗原发性肝癌伴脾亢的临床研究

对原发性肝癌伴肝硬化脾亢患者行肝动脉化疗栓塞加部分脾栓塞与单纯肝动脉化疗栓塞对照研究。结果显示，肝动脉化疗栓塞加部分脾栓塞疗效满意。动态观察血常规、肝功能及各项免疫指标，发现该组血细胞下降较单纯肝动脉化疗栓塞组明显减少，两组比较有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），再次治疗的间隔时间缩短。长期观察发现，肝动脉化疗栓塞加部分脾栓塞组治疗前后肝功改善也较单纯肝动脉化疗栓塞组明显。提示肝动脉化疗栓塞加部分脾栓塞是治疗原发性肝癌伴肝硬化脾亢患者的有效方法之一