基于趁鲜切制与传统切制工艺的人参饮片质量评价分析

目的 优选人参Panax ginseng趁鲜切制饮片工艺,比较分析趁鲜切制与传统切制人参饮片的质量,为人参趁鲜切制的合理性提供数据支持。方法 考察切片厚度、烘干温度、烘干时间等因素优选人参趁鲜切制饮片最佳制备工艺;建立指纹图谱结合化学计量法评价2种炮制工艺人参饮片质量差异性;并定量分析2种人参饮片中指标性成分人参皂苷含量差异。结果 人参趁鲜切制饮片的最佳制备工艺为人参鲜药材含水量65%,烘干温度50℃、烘干时间8 h、切片厚度1.5 mm;指纹图谱分别确定了人参趁鲜切制饮片和传统切制工艺饮片22个共有峰,指认了其中7个共有峰,2种炮制工艺所得人参饮片指纹图谱相似度分别在0.983～0.992、0.948～0.996。趁鲜切制与传统切制工艺饮片之间的指纹图谱相似度为0.960～0.993,相似度良好;主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）将人参趁鲜切制饮片和传统切制饮片归为2类,正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析（orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA）确定2种炮制工艺项...     

UPLC指纹图谱多模式识别结合多指标成分测定的清热消炎宁胶囊质量控制研究

目的 建立清热消炎宁胶囊（Qingre Xiaoyanning Capsules,QXC）UPLC指纹图谱及多指标成分定量分析方法,结合化学模式识别技术对多批次制剂进行质量评价。方法 通过优化样品前处理及色谱检测方法,建立合适UPLC指纹图谱和含量测定条件。色谱柱为UPLC HSS T3柱（50 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm）;乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱;检测波长280 nm;柱温40℃;体积流量0.5 mL/min。采用层次聚类分析（hierarchical cluster analysis,HCA）、主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）、正交偏最小二乘-判别分析（orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA）和聚类热图分析对20批清热消炎宁胶囊进行质量评价。结果 清热消炎宁胶囊UPLC指纹图谱及含量测定方法学考察结果均符合测定要求,获得21个共有峰,运用对照品比对方式指认了7个色谱峰;20批样品的相似度均大于0.954,样品间一致性及稳定性良好;...     

基于Heracles NEO超快速气相电子鼻麸炒白术炮制全过程气味变化识别研究

目的 建立麸炒白术Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma炮制全过程的定性判别模型,筛选出可以表征麸炒白术不同炮制程度的气味成分。方法 制备麸炒白术饮片,不同时间点取样进行分析。采用Heracles NEO超快速气相电子鼻采集气味图谱,与Arochembase数据库对比得到气味成分信息,结合峰面积分析气味成分的变化规律并进行化学计量学分析。结果 通过判别因子分析（discriminant factor analysis,DFA）、正交偏最小二乘-判别分析（orthogonal partial least squaresdiscriminant analysis,OPLS-DA）、层次聚类分析（hierarchical cluster analysis,HCA）等将麸炒白术炮制全过程样品成功分为4类：生品、炮制不及、炮制成品和炮制太过。在炮制过程中,3-甲基十五烷、十二烷基丙酸酯、正辛基环己烷、1,3-二硝基苯、8-甲基十五烷5个气味成分的峰面积占比较高,其中1,3-二硝基苯在炮制全过程中峰面积呈降低趋势;3-甲基十五烷从炮制不及到炮制成品的过程中峰面积呈增加...     

基于一测多评多组分定量质控联合主成分分析、正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析及熵权逼近理想解排序法的盐沙苑子饮片综合质量评价

目的 建立一测多评（quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single-marker,QAMS）法同时检测盐沙苑子饮片中杨梅素、扁蓄苷、杨梅素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、西伯利亚落叶松黄酮、沙苑子苷B、沙苑子苷A、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、鼠李柠檬素、豆甾醇、胡萝卜苷、β-谷甾醇含量的方法,并采用主成分分析法（principal component analysis,PCA）、正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析（orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA）法及熵权逼近理想解排序（entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,EW-TOPSIS）法对其质量进行评价。方法 采用Lichrospher C18色谱柱;乙腈-0.2%磷酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱。以沙苑子苷A为内参物,建立内参物与其他12个待测成分的相对校正因子（relative co...     

Visceral fat is associated with high-grade complications in patients undergoing minimally invasive partial nephrectomy for small renal masses

Introduction:Minimally invasive partial nephrectomy is standard of care treatment for small renal masses.Objective:We evaluated the relationship between subcutaneous and visceral obesity with high-grade postoperative 30-day complications in patients undergoing minimally invasive partial nephrectomy.Methods:We retrospectively identified 98 patients at our institution from 2014 to 2017 who underwent laparoscopic or robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy due to suspected renal cell carcinoma. Patients were stratified based on presence or absence of high-grade (Clavien ≥ IIIa) 30-day postoperative complications. Means were compared with the independent t test and proportions with chi-square analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine independent predictors of high-grade 30-day complications.Results:Mean nephrometry score was 6.7 with 21 (21.4%) patients having hilar tumors. Mean estimation of blood loss was 207 mL, mean operating time was 223 min, and mean warm ischemia time was 23 min. The majority of patients had clear renal cell carcinoma (n = 83, 84.7%) and pT1a disease (n = 76, 77.6%) with negative margins (n = 89, 90.8%) on pathology. There were 5 (5.1%) patients who experienced a high-grade postoperative 30-day complication. Mean visceral fat index was an independent predictor of high-grade 30-day complications (odds ratio: 1.02; 95% confidence interval: 1.002–1.03; p = 0.027).Conclusions:Visceral obesity should be considered as a prognostic indicator of outcomes in patients undergoing surgical treatment for a small renal mass.     

Hemodynamic and oxygen delivery-consumption changes during partial liver resection

The effects of partial liver resection on hemodynamics and the oxygen delivery-consumption relationship were evaluated in ten patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The cardiac index and oxygen delivery were increased significantly (P 0.05) at 30 minutes after incision, 30min after liver resection and in the recovery room. Oxygen delivery decreased significantly (P 0.05) during liver resection. Oxygen consumption remained low throughout the procedure. We did not discover any flow-dependent change in oxygen consumption. Although our patients persisted a hyperdynamic state throughout surgery, their arterial ketone body ratio remained low. Therefore, it may be necessary to maintain a hyperdynamic state during partial liver resection in order to increase hepatic blood flow.(Iwasaka H, Kitano T, Mizutani A, et al.: Hemodynamic and oxygen delivery-consumption changes during partial liver resection. J Anesth 7: 145–150, 1993)     

Initial treatment of the early stages (I, II) of supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma: partial laryngectomy versus radiotherapy

The purpose of this study was to define the treatment of choice (partial laryngectomy vs radiotherapy) in the early stage of supraglottic squamous cell cancer (ESSC). One hundred and fifteen patients with ESSC were treated with either partial laryngectomy (25 patients) or with radiotherapy(90 patients) between January 1984 and December 1996. All patients had a follow-up of over ¶29 months. Radiotherapy (RT) had a local control rate of 79%, which increased to 90% with salvage surgery, and a high larynx preservation rate (83%). Partial laryngectomy (PL) offered a better initial local control rate of 84%, which increased to 88% with salvage surgery, and functional results were also good (80%). No statistically significant differences were found between RT and PL. RT was less costly, showed better suitability for treatment, produced moderate morbidity and sequelae, and local recurrence was easier to rescue. However, it is a once-only application technique. PL showed higher immediate postoperative morbidity, higher cost and lower suitability for treatment but had fewer sequelae, offered the best initial local control and is multi-applicable. No clear oncological arguments were found in our series to define whether PL or RT is the treatment of choice for ESSC. Both are effective therapies. Secondary factors such as suitability for treatment, morbidity, cost and applicability should be individually evaluated when choosing the type of treatment. As the laser endoscopic approach decreases morbidity and costs and makes the condition more suitable for treatment, it could be the treatment of choice for ESSC, in cases where local tumoral extent and larynx exposure allow radical excision.     

Changes of nitric oxide synthase activity and free methylarginines contents in regenerating rat liver after partial hepatectomy

In the present study, liver regeneration rate (%) was increased up to 70% 3 days after partial hepatectomy (PH). Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in liver tissue as well as serum nitrite/nitrate content had no timed response, revealing no significant difference between shamoperated and partially hepatectomized rat liver. Contents of free methylarginines in liver tissue were increased biphasically in a time-dependent manner after PH. However, those in serum did not exhibit the same patterns as in liver. Taken together, the results suggest that N^G-monomethyl-L-arginine (MMA) and N^G, N^G-dimethylarginine (DMA) play a role in inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in regenerating rat liver because the increase of their contents was synchronized with NOS expression.     

A morphological,biochemical, and radioautographic study in rats

Splenectomy has long been an establishmd surgical procedure in various conditions, including trauma. Because total splenectomy has often been correlated with sepsis, every surgeon tries to preserve as much of the injured spleen as possible. Contradictory reports have been published as to whether regeneration of the remaining splenic tissue is possible. In the present study, 28 Sprague-Dawley rats ( 100 g) were divided into four groups. They underwent two-thirds partial splenectomy; the remaining splenic tissue was examined after 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. The following parameters were determined: weight, length, and protein and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content of the remaining spleen. The incorporation of ³H-thymidine into the remaining spleen tissue was also measured. Histology and radioautography were studied in parallel. Results were compared with control animals that were operated upon but with no partial splenectomy. One day, 1 week, and 1 month following partial splenectomy, a slight increase in weight, length, protein, and DNA content as well as incorporation of the radioisotope into cellular DNA was found. By 3 months after the operation, there was no difference in the above parameters between the experimental animals and controls.Radioautographs indicated that most of the cells containing the isotope were situated in the perinodular areas in the red pulp, accompanied by an increased number of inflammatory cells. We found this cell proliferation mainly along the cut surface of the spleen. The slight increase that was found in all the parameters examined up to 1 month after partial splenectomy is an inflammatory response and not regeneration of the spleen.     

脾部分切除术的技巧与体会

目的：最大限度地保留脾组织及脾功能可使机体避免或减少因无脾而导致不良后果。方法 主要操作技巧,充分游离脾脏,解剖脾门时勿伤及脾极动脉,结扎并切断受损之脾叶,段血管,垂直褥区缝合残面,结下衬以明胶海绵,打结力度适宜;缝合完毕后观察１５分钟方脾还纳腹腔,结果 ２０例患者行脾部分切除术。１例出现脾窝积液,并经穿刺油液后治愈,余者均痊愈出院,１７例患者随访１－９年,免疫功能正常,远期疗效优良,结论,对脾