氧自由基动态变化与胆红素结石成石的实验研究

用胆红素结石（ｐｓ）兔模型进行实验，设单纯胆道梗阻（ＢＯ）组、梗阻和大肠杆茵感染（ＢＯＩ）组及空白对照组，观察肝组织及胆汁氧自由基（ＯＦＲ）变化情况及对ＰＳ的影响。实验结果：肝组织部分ＯＦＲ、前列腺素Ｅ＿２（ＲＧＥ＿２）及ＰＳ的动态变化趋势相似，三者呈正相关；ＢＯＩ组的上述指标均较ＢＯ组为高。提示ＯＦＲ可能促使ＰＧＥ＿２合成，后者致糖蛋白分泌而参与ＰＳ的形成；大肠杆菌感染可能在梗阻的基础上增多ＯＦＲ的生成而增加了Ｐｓ的形成。     

A new respiratory valve system for measuring oxygen uptake during swimming

We describe a new respiratory valve system with minimal dead space, which allows measurement of ventilation and oxygen uptake during swimming. The device offers considerable advantages in efficiency and accuracy over current equipment, and can be used in conjunction either with a miniaturized telemetry system for oxygen uptake measurement or with a conventional system. The valve has a low airflow resistance, a small dead space (15 ml), and an electrically operating, closed-circuit pump to remove excess water from the expiratory tube. The external form and the buoyancy of the valve have been hydrostatically and hydrodynamically designed to reduce drag and to ensure a correct mass in the water. To obtain this result a very sophisticated material, carbon fibre, has been utilized. Our studies showed that this respiratory system is ideal for obtaining valid and reliable values of oxygen uptake during swimming, even at high speed and in endurance swimming tests.     

抗氧化剂等药物联合应用治疗烧伤休克的实验研究

我们用哈白兔以3％凝固气油致25％Ⅲ°烧伤休克持续了3h复苏的动物模型研究了丹参、维生素E、抗氧化剂协同治疗烧伤休克的作用,效果显著。第5天SOD活性和MDA值均达到伤前水平,提高了动物存活时间。各项生化指标和病理证实,该组实验动物脏器无明显病变,说明联合用药,不仅可以有效的清除氧自由基,还能拮抗脂质过氧化作用,对脏器有较好的保护作用。     

前锯肌下部肌皮瓣移植的应用解剖

目的：为前锯肌下部肌皮瓣移植提供解剖学基础。方法：在２５具（５０侧）成人尸体标本上，对前锯肌下部的形态、血供和神经支配进行了应用解剖学观测。结果：前锯肌下部的血供主要来自胸背动脉的前锯肌支，外径１．３±０．２ｍｍ，伴行静脉外径１．５±０．２ｍｍ，长４．９±１．１ｃｍ；由胸长神经支配，其横径为１．７±０．４ｍｍ，神经干长７．７±１．４ｃｍ。结论：以胸背血管及前锯肌支为血管蒂和胸长神经为蒂可切取前锯肌下部１２．０ｃｍ×９．０ｃｍ的肌皮瓣，修复较大创面或重建肌动力     

(E)-1-二苯甲基-4-[3-(3,4-二羟苯基)-2-丙烯基]哌嗪(Ⅰ)的合成及其SOD样活性测定

目的和方法：为了研究心血管类药物的构效关系，用二苯甲基哌嗪和咖啡酸为原料，经缩合、还原等反应制得标题物（Ｉ）；并通过黄嘌呤黄嘌呤氧化酶鲁米诺化学发光体系检测了其清除Ｏ·２自由基的作用．结果和结论：经元素分析、红外光谱和核磁共振谱测定，合成物（Ｉ）与结构相符，收率７２．５％；化学发光法检测显示出较强的ＳＯＤ样活性，具有较强的抗自由基作用．     

人T淋巴母细胞（Jurkat）移动性的研究

利用人Ｔ淋巴母细胞（Ｊｕｒｋａｔ）细胞系作为研究对象。企图探探索细胞外基质成份及肌醇磷脂细胞信息传递系统与细胞移动的关系。研究结果表明：当细胞被伏波醇酯（ＰＭＡ）处理过后，其粘连性与移动件对纤维连结蛋白（ＦＮ）底物的反应在已是高水平的基础上有更进一步提高的作用。与ＦＮ刊相反的是，未经ＰＭＡ处理处的Ｊｕｒｋａｔ细胞对层粘连蛋白（Ｌｍ）底物却无明显的粘连性及移动性增加的反应，尽管在ＰＭＡ处理过４小时内亦无任何的增强。但是，当ＰＭＡ作用于细胞２４一４８小时后则明显池增加其Ｌｍ底物的粘连性及移动性反应，表明了其明显的协同作用。分别用抗ＦＮ、抗Ｌｍ及蛋白激酶Ｃ抑制剂Ｓｔａｕｒｏｓｐｒｉｎｅ（ＳＰ）时均起到特异性的抑制作用。可见，协同作用的产生是通过蛋白激酶Ｃ激活后的－段时间内，使细胞表面Ｌｍ受体密度增加而对底物Ｌｍ反应增强所致。     

高渗盐水与甘露醇对颅脑手术患者脑氧代谢的影响

目的 比较3％高渗盐水（HTS）与20％甘露醇对颅脑手术患者脑氧代谢的影响。方法 择期大脑半球胶质瘤切除术患者40例，ASAⅠ级或Ⅱ级，随机分为2组（n=20）：3％HTS组（HTS组）和20％甘露醇组（M组）。采用静吸复合麻醉，呼气末异氟醚浓度为1 MAC、血液动力学稳定15．min后，分别于15 min内静脉输注3％HTS 5．35 ml／kg或20％，甘露醇1 g／kg。L3，4珠网膜下腔置管测脑脊液压力（CSFP），行右颈静脉球穿刺置管、采血，测定颈静脉球氧饱和度。分别于输注前（T0）、输注完即刻（T1）、输注完15min（T2）、30min（T3）、60min（T4）、120min（T5）监测CSFP;于T0、T3-T5时监测平均动脉压，采集颈静脉球部和桡动脉血，进行血气分析，计算动脉-静脉氧含量差（Da-jvO2）、脑氧摄取率（CERO2）。结果 与T0比较，2组CSFP在T2-T5时降低，Da-jvO2和CERO2在T4，5时降低（P〈0．05）;与M组比较，HTS组CSFP在T2时降低（P〈0．05）。结论 3％HTS与20%甘露醇均可有效地降低颅内压，改善颅脑手术患者的脑氧代谢。     

Immunohistochemical mapping of nitric oxide synthase in the rat hypothalamus and colocalization with neuropeptides

The localization and distribution of nitric oxide synthase in the hypothalamus have been studied with an immunohistochemical technique using antibodies to neuronal rat nitric oxide synthase. Subsequent double-labeling experiments examined the colocalization patterns of nitric oxide synthase and several peptides. Our results demonstrate a widespread occurrence of nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies and processes throughout the hypothalamus, especially in various parts of the preoptic region, in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, the lateral hypothalamic area, the ventromedial and dorsomedial nuclei, the arcuate nucleus and various parts of the mammillary region. Double labeling experiments showed that nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity coexists with substance P-like immunoreactivity in the medial preoptic area, with oxytocin-, cholecystokinin- and galanin message-associated peptide-like immunoreactivity in the supraoptic nucleus, with enkephalin-, oxytocin- and corticotropin releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in the paraventricular nucleus and with enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the arcuate nucleus. Furthermore, in the ventromedial nucleus, nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity coexisted with enkephalin-, substance P-, and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity, and in the dorsomedial nucleus with enkephalin-, galanin message-associated peptide- and substance P-like immunoreactivity. In the mammillary region nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity coexisted with enkephalin-, cholecystokinin-, and substance P-like immunoreactivity. Among these neuropeptides, enkephalin and substance P were most frequently found in nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive neurons. We conclude that nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive neurons contain neuropeptides in various parts of the hypothalamus, and that nitric oxide in the hypothalamus may be involved in a variety of neuroendocrine and autonomic functions.     

Inhibition of N-, P/Q- and other types of Ca channels in rat hippocampal nerve terminals by the adenosine A1 receptor

The effects of the adenosine A₁ receptor agonist, N⁶-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), on both the increase in intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_i) and on the release of endogenous glutamate in rat hippocampal synaptosomes were studied. The inhibitory effect of CPA on the increase in [Ca²⁺]_i stimulated with 4-aminopyridine was neutralized by the adenosine A₁ receptor antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX). The inhibitory effect of CPA was greater in synaptosomes from the CA1 subregion than in whole hippocampal synaptosomes. The inhibitory effects of both CPA and of the Ca²⁺ channel blockers, ω-conotoxin GVIA, ω-conotoxin MVIIC or ω-conotoxin GVIA plus ω-conotoxin MVIIC, were greater than those caused by the Ca²⁺ channel blockers. The release of endogenous glutamate was inhibited by 41% by CPA. The inhibition observed when CPA and ω-conotoxin GVIA or CPA and ω-conotoxin MVIIC were present was also greater than the inhibition by the Ca²⁺ channel blockers alone. The presence of both ω-conotoxin GVIA and ω-conotoxin MVIIC did not completely inhibit the release of glutamate, and CPA significantly enhanced this inhibition. The membrane potential and the accumulation of [

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]tetraphenylphosphonium of polarized or depolarized synaptosomes was not affected by CPA, suggesting that adenosine did not increase potassium conductances. The present results suggest that, in hippocampal glutamatergic nerve terminals, adenosine A₁ receptor activation partly inhibits P/Q- and other non-identified types of Ca²⁺ channels.     

A protease inhibitor attenuates gastric erosions and microcirculatory disturbance in the early period after thermal injury in rats

The effects of camostat mesilate, a synthetic serine protease inhibitor on gastric microcirculation and active oxygen species generated by leucocytes from the gastric and jugular veins in the early period after thermal injury were assessed. Male Wistar rats were anaesthetized and a 30% full skin-thickness dorsal burn was inflicted. Camostat mesilate (100 mg/kg) was dissolved in distilled water and administered orally to rats 40 min before thermal injury (the camostat group). The control animals (the vehicle group) were administered distilled water orally. Rolling leucocytes as well as Monastral blue B deposits in venules were observed using in vivo microscopy. Active oxygen species were measured by chemiluminescence. Camostat mesilate decreased the total length of gastric erosion, venular deposits of Monastral blue B, and rolling of leucocytes in venules, and relatively increased luminol-dependent chemiluminescence activity generated by zymosan-stimulated leucocytes 15 min after thermal injury. These results suggest that serine proteases are involved in the formation of gastric erosions and gastric microcirculatory disturbance in the early period after thermal injury.