PET/CT显像在探测卵巢癌术后复发、转移中的应用

目的探讨PET／CT在探测和诊断卵巢癌术后复发、转移中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析54例卵巢癌术后患者全身或局部PET／CT显像结果。临床随访时间3～20个月。确诊依据为手术病理检查、多种影像学检查和临床随诊。结果54例中41例有肿瘤复发、转移，13例无肿瘤复发。PET／CT诊断肿瘤复发、转移的灵敏度为90．2％，特异性为84．6％。与PET／CT显像前的CT、B超检查结果比较，9例腹腔及盆腔常规CT和（或）B超检查阴性者，PET／CT显像于腹腔及盆腔发现1处或多处隐匿性恶性肿瘤病灶，31．7％的患者PET／CT显像发现多处病灶且提示肿瘤广泛转移，从而改变临床分期和治疗方案。转移灶的分布以腹腔和盆腔为主，远处转移较少。19例患者糖类抗原（CA）125升高，PET／CT显像阳性率为89．4％。结论PET／CT显像能灵敏、准确地检出卵巢癌术后复发和转移病灶，使分期更准确、更全面。     

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目的　探讨一种更精确而行之有效的测量甲状腺残留量的方法。方法　自 1996～ 2 0 0 1年对 15例原发性甲状腺功能亢进症病人于术前经CT对甲状腺进行体积测量 ,于双侧甲状腺次全切除术后 ,再用增强CT对上述病人残留甲状腺进行体积测量 ,并与术中测得残留量比较。结果　术中测得残留量 2 8～ 13 0 g ,术后CT测量为 3 4～ 16 6g ,二者之间有一定误差 (P =0 0 6 7) ,产生原因主要为术者对残留甲状腺背面气管旁沟处的不规则腺体测量不准确。体积切除率 83 1%～ 97 9% ,体积残留率 2 1%～ 17 9% ,活体组织相对体积质量 (1 0 5 4 8± 0 0 2 0 5 ) g/cm3 ,离体组织相对体积质量 (1 0 6 4 8± 0 0 188) g/cm3 。结论　CT测量更接近实际残留量 ,可重复性强 ,可比性强。体积残留率比腺体残留重量、手术切除率更具有个性化参考意义。     

Independent component analysis and clustering improve signal-to-noise ratio for statistical analysis of event-related potentials

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a new method of using Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and k-means clustering to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of Event-Related Potential (ERP) measurements while permitting standard statistical comparisons to be made despite the inter-subject variations characteristic of ICA. METHODS: Per-subject ICA results were used to create a channel pool, with unequal weights, that could be applied consistently across subjects. Signals derived from this and other pooling schemes, and from unpooled electrodes, were subjected to identical statistical analysis of the N170 own-face effect in a Joe/No Joe face recognition paradigm wherein participants monitored for a target face (Joe) presented amongst other unfamiliar faces and their own face. Results between the Joe, unfamiliar face and own face conditions were compared using Cohen's d statistic (square root of signal-to-noise ratio) to measure effect size. RESULTS: When the own-face condition was compared to the Joe and unfamiliar-face conditions, the channel map method increased effect size by a factor ranging from 1.2 to 2.2. These results stand in contrast to previous findings, where conventional pooling schemes failed to reveal an N170 effect to the own-face stimulus (Tanaka JW, Curran T, Porterfield A, Collins D. The activation of pre-existing and acquired face representations: the N250 ERP as an index of face familiarity. J Cogn Neurosci 2006;18:1488-97). Consistent with conventional pooling schemes, the channel map approach showed no reliable differences between the Joe and Unfamiliar face conditions, yielding a decrease in effect size ranging from 0.13 to 0.75. CONCLUSIONS: By increasing the signal-to-noise ratio in the measured waveforms, the channel pool method demonstrated an enhanced sensitivity to the neurophysiological response to own-face relative to other faces. SIGNIFICANCE: By overcoming the characteristic inter-subject variations of ICA, this work allows classic ERP analysis methods to exploit the improved signal-to-noise ratio obtainable with ICA.     

Image size magnification and power and dilation factors for optical instruments in general

Traditional treatments of spectacle magnification for distant objects consider only stigmatic spectacle lenses and they compare the retinal image size in a refractively fully compensated eye with the image size in the uncompensated eye. Spectacle magnification is expressed as a product of two factors, the power and shape factors of the lens. The power factor depends on the position of the entrance pupil of the eye. For an eye with an astigmatic cornea, however, the position of the entrance pupil is not well defined. Thus, the traditional approach to spectacle magnification does not generalize properly to allow for astigmatism. Within the constraints of linear optics and subject to the restriction that the eye's iris remains the aperture stop, this paper provides a complete, unified and exact treatment for optical instruments in general. It compares retinal image size in a generalized sense (including image shape and orientation) for any instrument in front of an eye with that of the eye alone irrespective of whether the instrument compensates or not. The approach does not make use of the concept of the entrance pupil at all and it allows for astigmatism and for non-alignment of refracting elements in the instrument and in the eye. The concept of spectacle magnification generalizes to the concept of instrument size magnification. Instrument size magnification can be expressed as the product of two matrix factors one of which can be interpreted as a power factor (as back-vertex power) and the other factor for which the name dilation factor is more appropriate in general. The general treatment is then applied to a number of special cases including afocal instruments, spectacle lenses (including obliquely crossing thick bitoric lenses), contact lenses, stigmatic systems and stigmatic eyes. In the case of spectacle lenses, the dilation factor reduces to the usual shape factor.     

可控制性卵巢刺激治疗中促性腺激素释放激素激动剂降调节与卵巢过度抑制

基于促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)短时给药对垂体的激发作用引起血清黄体生成素(LH)和卵泡刺激素(FSH)升高有利于增加卵泡募集,而长期给药导致垂体局部受体脱敏与消耗而有效地抑制排卵前LH峰出现和降低卵泡晚期血清LH水平,从而减少卵泡过早黄素化和取消周期、改善卵子质量     

腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢囊肿386例

目的总结腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿手术的经验. 方法回顾分析1999年7月～2004年12月我院386例囊腹腔镜卵巢囊肿手术的临床资料. 结果 384例腹腔镜手术成功,2例因既往有手术史或盆腔粘连中转开腹.术中出血平均20.6 ml(10～60 ml).手术时间平均55 min(20～140 min ).术后住院平均3 d(2～5 d).194例随访1～60个月,平均24个月,盆腔检查和B超均正常. 结论腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿手术安全有效,具有创伤小、术后恢复快、住院时间短等特点.     

原料药粒径对盐酸普萘洛尔渗透泵片释药行为的影响

目的:研究原料药粒径等对盐酸普萘洛尔渗透泵片释药行为的影响。方法:取不同批号盐酸普萘洛尔及同批号重结晶前、后的原料药均按相同处方制备成渗透泵片,考察药物体外释放情况及释药24h后衣膜形态;并对上述不同原料药的粒径分别以光学显微镜和激光粒度分析仪进行证实。结果:以原料药粒径较小的渗透泵片释放完毕后衣膜变形,且不能维持零级释放,原料药粒径较大的渗透泵片结果与之相反。不同原料药经仪器证实粒径确有差异。结论:原料药的粒径可影响制备的渗透泵片的释放行为,提示性状稳定的原料药的合理选择在制剂过程中不可忽视。     

肾综合征出血热病毒气溶胶的物理稳定性实验研究

本文采用荧光素钠正常鼠脑悬液做模拟示踪物质，对肾综合征出血热病毒气溶胶在空气中的物理稳定性进行了测定，并与其生物稳定性做了比较。结果表明：病毒气溶胶的粒子大小在１ｕｍ左右，它随气溶胶的胶龄增长而减少，且其分散度变窄。初始气溶胶的物理回收率及其各胶龄的物理存留率均明显地高于它的生物回收率和生物存活率。本文还就肾综合征出血热病毒气溶胶的物理稳定性和生物稳定性，对本病空气传播的影响进行了讨论。     

Physicochemical aspects of drug release. XV. Investigation of diffusional transport in dissolution of suspended, sparingly soluble drugs

The dissolution rates of sparingly soluble, fine particulate, suspended drugs have been studied using a Coulter Counter Model TAII. For two sieve fractions of oxazepam the dissolution rates were monitored in media with varying viscosities brought about by the addition of glycerol, while for griseofulvin the change in the medium's viscosity was induced by changing the temperature. By calculating the dissolution rate, and compensating for differences in particle surface area and media solubility, it was shown that the dissolution rate was diffusion controlled. After additional normalization for the diffusion coefficient, it was suggested that the so-called apparent diffusional distance decreased substantially with particle size. The effect of particle size was more limited above approx. 15 μm.     

Use of an Implantable Catheter System for Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in Ovarian Cancer

Abstract: To check the efficiency of intraperitoneal chemotherapy of ovarian carcinomas, 15 patients were treated with instillations of mitoxantrone or cisplatinum. An implantable catheter system was used to access the abdominal cavity. Local therapy proved to be without any effect when large tumor masses were treated. Patients with small tumor residues after surgery did not benefit either, partly because of extraperitoneal progress of the disease. Patients without evidence of disease proved to be stable. Side effects of the therapy were usually mild compared with those of systemic chemotherapy. Access to the peritoneal cavity with the implantable catheter proved to be safe and reliable.