肉苁蓉种子的活力研究

目的为了改进TTC法测定肉苁蓉种子活力的方法和调查肉苁蓉种子于5℃贮藏时种子活力的变化。方法研究了TTC法中种皮、TTC溶液、次氯酸钠(NaClO)溶液和染色时间对肉苁蓉种子活力的影响,并用改进的方法测定了于5℃贮藏了不同年限种子活力。结果肉苁蓉种子于40℃下用0.5%TTC溶液染色48h后,再用0.2%NaClO溶液漂白2h后镜检;采收后贮藏于5℃保存1～2年的种子,其活力没有明显变化,但高活力种子的百分比随着贮藏年限的增加而增加。结论提供了一套方便快捷的测定肉苁蓉种子活力的方法;肉苁蓉种子于5℃贮藏有利于提高种子活力。     

药用植物分子遗传图谱研究进展

遗传连锁图谱的构建是基因组研究中的重要环节,是基因定位与克隆乃至基因组结构与功能研究的基础.对遗传图谱的构建方法 进行简要描述,通过列举一些实例概括了国内外药用植物遗传图谱的研究现状,提出了当前构建和应用遗传图谱所面临的主要问题.     

近红外光谱用于卷柏属药用植物种下类型鉴别及种间关系探讨

目的:研究解决卷柏属植物药分类鉴定巾的难点问题,探讨该属药用种间亲缘关系.方法:应用傅立叶变换近红外光谱仪、固体光纤探头、InGaAs检测器,扫描范围4000-900cm-1,每份样品扫描32次,并重复测定5次求平均值.平均光谱经处理后转换成一阶导数光谱,再用OPUS/INDENT软件进行聚类分析.并获取2类薄叶卷柏样品的二阶导数光谱.结果:根据光谱图及聚类图,薄叶卷柏和异穗卷柏各2个类型均各为同种,且薄叶卷柏变异类型应视为变种.垫状卷柏与卷柏亲缘关系密切,同作卷柏药用合理.江南卷柏与薄叶卷柏关系较近,民间同作一药有合理性.结论:近红外光谱可简单快速地用于解决药用植物种下分类鉴定的一些疑点问题,可推断某些种间亲缘关系.     

某秸杆发电厂建设项目职业病危害预评价

目的 识别、评价、控制某秸杆发电厂建设项目可能产生的职业病危害因素。方法采用类比法与定量分级法进行评价。结果 该建设项目的选址与总体布局、生产设备布局、职业病防护设施设计、卫生辅助用室设置等符合国家有关规定，在对类比企业检测结果显示，生产过程中可能产生谷物粉尘为0．7～3．1mg／m^3、谷物灰尘为0．6～2．0mg／m^3、氢氧化钠0．1～1．1mg／m^3、盐酸0．1～6．4mg／m^3、氮氧化物0．1～0．2mg／m^3、一氧化碳5～10mg／m^3、二氧化碳280～345mg／m^3，存在噪声、高温热辐射、工频等主要职业病危害因素，属于职业病危害严重的建设项目。结论 该项目生产过程中可能产生的职业病危害是可以预防的，从职业卫生角度分析该项目是可行的。     

红花黄色素的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的研究红花黄色素的HPLC(高效液相)指纹图谱的测定方法。方法采用HPLC法,色谱柱:Inertsil ODS-3(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相:甲醇-0.2%磷酸水溶液(梯度洗脱),柱温:25℃,检测波长:403 nm,分析时间:40 min,流速:1 ml/min。结果标示出红花黄色素4个共有峰相对保留时间分别是0.5(1),1.00(s),1.21(3),1.65(4)。结论该法测定的HPLC指纹图谱为红花黄色素的质量控制提供了更全面的信息。     

4种富硒植物预防MNNG诱发大鼠胃癌效果研究——不同源硒抑制大鼠胃窦黏膜上皮细胞异倍体发生率对比研究

目的筛选具有高效低毒特征的高健康价值硒。方法选择3种代表性富硒植物,以预防胃癌效果较好的富硒大蒜为生物硒对照材料,以亚硒酸钠为合成硒对照化合物,应用N-甲基-N′-硝基-N-亚硝基胍(MNNG)诱发大鼠胃窦黏膜上皮细胞异倍体发生(IAC)模型,调查比较5种富硒材料防癌效果。结果150μg/kgbw(以Se计,以下同)富硒大蒜组和富硒青花菜组大鼠IAC分别为25%和30%,两组间没有显著性差异;300μg/kgbw富硒大蒜组、富硒绿羽组和富硒红羽组大鼠IAC依次为22%、30%和50%,三组间没有显著性差异。150μg/kgbw亚硒酸钠组大鼠全部死亡,无法比较富硒植物与合成硒化合物亚硒酸钠的抑癌效果,但表明富硒植物毒性远小于亚硒酸钠。结论初步证实三种新选择的富硒植物具有高效低毒特征。     

高剂量富硒植物硒对胃癌模型大鼠的安全性研究

目的:对比研究长期摄入高剂量不同富硒植物硒对大鼠重要肝指标的影响,为安全合理利用不同植物硒源提供科学依据。方法:采用N-甲基-N’-硝基-N-亚硝基胍(MNNG)诱发大鼠胃癌模型,连续灌喂四种高剂量不同富硒植物硒17w,于18w末测定大鼠肝脏硒累积、丙二醛(MDA)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性。结果:摄入富硒青花菜、富硒红羽、富硒绿羽的大鼠肝硒水平显著高于摄入富硒大蒜。补充植物硒显著降低了大鼠的肝MDA水平,提高了肝GPx活性。富硒大蒜高、低剂量组大鼠肝MDA含量差异显著,而GPx活性差异不显著。结论:长期摄入高剂量富硒大蒜后,动物肝组织低硒累积可作为富硒大蒜高安全性的重要依据。植物硒可通过GPx清除肝组织MDA,防止肝氧化损伤。     

Effect of the water extract of Galega officinalis L. on human platelet aggregation in vitro

Galega officinalis L. is a traditional medicinal plant from Bulgaria. It was found that the aqueous extract of Herba Galegae suppressed platelet aggregation in vitro induced by adenosine diphosphate, epinephrine, thrombin and collagen. The compounds with antiaggregating action have not as yet been isolated from Galega officinalis.     

Enhancement of in vitro nonspecific immune functions by African plant extracts

The in vitro immunomodulatory activities of extracts from African medicinal plants have been studied. Certain extracts exerted enhancing effects in a concentration dependent manner on immune cells from three different strains of mice. Among these were an enhancement of phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages and tumoricidal potential of macrophages, and stimulation of the oxidative burst of macrophages and granulocytes. In contrast, the proliferative capacity of lymphocytes was only marginally affected. Enhanced macrophage and granulocyte activation was also detected using leucocytes of the LPS nonresponder strain C3H/HeJ. From the latter it can be concluded that the observed stimulatory effects of the plant extracts in vitro were not due to contamination with lipopolysaccharides.     

A pharmacological study of Araujia sericifera B. extracts in rodents

The present study analyses the pharmacological activity in in vitro and in vivo models of different extracts obtained from Araujia sericifera. The hexane extract of fruits lacked toxicity, but exhibited an analgesic effect in models of chemical and thermal stimulation. Such an extract was the only one which exhibited antiinflammatory actions. The intrinsic effect on arterial blood pressure was biphasic: at low doses it significantly increased blood pressure, whereas at high doses it exerted the opposite effect. On isolated organs it produced a marked decrease in the maximum effect of histamine and acetylcholine. The dichloromethanol extract of fruits decreased arterial pressure and the maximum effect of histamine. The methanol extract of fruits slightly depressed the CNS. An analgesic effect was noted following chemical stimulation; the maximum effect of serotonin was significantly decreased. The dichloromethanol extract of seeds markedly decreased arterial pressure and the maximum effect of acetylcholine and serotonin. The methanol extract of seeds exerted an analgesic effect after chemical stimulation and modified the maximum effect of noradrenaline and serotonin.