Palliation of Malignant Biliary and Duodenal Obstruction with Combined Metallic Stenting

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of palliation of malignant biliary and duodenal obstruction with combined metallic stenting under fluoroscopy guidance. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of 9 patients (6 men and 3 women) who underwent biliary and duodenal stenting was performed. The mean age of patients was 61 years (range: 42–80 years). The causes of obstruction were pancreatic carcinoma in 7 patients, cholangiocellular carcinoma in one, and duodenal carcinoma in the other. Biliary and duodenal stents were placed simultaneously in 4 patients. In other 5 patients dudodenal stents were placed after biliary stenting when the duodenal obstruction symptoms have developed. In two patients duodenal stents were advanced via transgastric approach. Results Technical success rate was 100 %. After percutaneous biliary drainage and stenting bilirubin levels decreased to normal levels in 6 patients and in remaining 3 patients mean reduction of 71% in bilirubin levels was achieved. Tumoral ingrowth occurred in one patient and percutaneous biliary restenting was performed 90 days after the initial procedure. Of the 9 patients, 6 patients were able to tolerate solid diet, whereas 2 patients could tolerate liquid diet and one patient did not show any improvement. Mean survival periods were 111 and 73 days after biliary and duodenal stenting, respectively. Conclusion Combined biliary and duodenal stent placement which can be performed under fluoroscopic guidance without assistance of endoscopy is feasible and an effective method of palliation of malignant biliary and duodenal obstructions. If transoral and endoscopic approaches fail, percutaneous gastrostomy route allows duodenal stenting.     

Laparoscopic vs. open surgery for acute adhesive small-bowel obstruction: patients’ outcome and cost-effectiveness

Background Numerous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of laparoscopy in the management of acute adhesive small-bowel obstruction (AASBO). However, comparative data with laparotomy are lacking. The aim of this study was to compare laparoscopy and laparotomy for the treatment of AASBO in terms of patient outcome and cost-effectiveness. Methods A retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent surgery for AASBO from 1999 to 2005 was conducted. Data recorded included operative and postoperative course, among others. Operative and total hospital charges were estimated from the Patient Accounting System. Results Thirty-one patients who underwent laparoscopy were matched to a similar group of patients who underwent laparotomy. In the laparoscopy group, four patients (13%) had a laparoscopy-assisted procedure and ten patients (32%) were converted. The laparoscopy group was subdivided into laparoscopy, laparoscopy-assisted, converted, and assisted-converted subgroups. In the majority of the patients, AASBO was secondary to a single band. Overall morbidity was significantly higher in the laparotomy group (p = 0.007). Morbidity rates were statistically significant between the laparoscopy and assisted-converted subgroups (p = 0.0001) but not between the laparotomy group and assisted-converted subgroup (p = 0.19). Median hospital stay and median time to first bowel movement were significantly shorter in the laparoscopy group. Charge data were available for only the last three years of the study. Operative charges and total hospital charges were similar between the laparoscopy and the laparotomy groups (p = 0.14 and p = 0.10, respectively). There was a significant difference in total hospital charges between the laparoscopy subgroup and laparotomy group (p = 0.03). Conclusions Laparoscopy for AASBO is associated with reduced hospital stay, early recovery, and decreased morbidity. Laparoscopy-assisted and converted surgeries do not differ significantly from laparotomy in regard to patient outcome. Operative and total hospital charges are similar for both laparoscopy and laparotomy. Presented at the Northeastern Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Annual Meeting, Palm Beach, FL 6–9 November 2005, and at the 17th Annual Meeting of the South Florida Chapter of the American College of Surgeons, Miami, FL, 20 April 2006 This study was supported in part by an educational grant from Ethicon Endo-Surgery Inc. and in part by the 21st Century Oncology Chair in Colorectal Surgery     

高频电烧灼术联合鼻泪管支架治疗鼻泪管阻塞

目的 观察高频电烧灼术联合鼻泪管支架植入治疗鼻泪管阻塞的效果.方法 鼻泪管阻塞170例（176眼）.采用高频电烧灼术联合鼻泪管支架植入术治疗,随访6 ～ 12个月.结果 176眼中除4眼因为泪道探通术及泪道扩张失败未植入支架,余均顺利完成手术.术后1个月、3个月、6个月和12个月时总有效率分别为95.54％、85.23％、82.57％和81.18％.结论 高频电烧灼术联合鼻泪管支架植入术治疗鼻泪管阻塞,获得了较好的效果.     

泪道激光联合改良结膜松弛矫正术治疗溢泪

目的探讨泪道阻塞合并结膜松弛引起的溢泪,行泪道激光联合改良结膜松弛矫正术的临床效果。方法2011年10月至2012年10月在天津爱尔眼科医院行泪道激光联合改良结膜松弛矫正术28例（42眼）。分析其治疗溢泪的临床效果、并发症及其手术要点,并与分期手术进行对比。结果42眼中治愈6眼,明显好转25眼,好转10眼,无效1眼,总有效率为97．6％。并发症包括泪道阻塞复发15眼,但其中14眼溢泪症状亦明显改善;治愈病例中有2眼出现轻度干眼。手术效果与分期手术者无明显差异。结论泪道激光联合改良结膜松弛矫正术治疗溢泪有效,术后并发症少。改良结膜松弛矫正术的手术要点是处理眼球筋膜囊,并将其与浅层巩膜固定。     

结构性鼻炎患者鼻通气功能的主客观评估

目的对结构性鼻炎患者进行术前鼻通气的主客观评估,为手术提供临床依据。方法结构性鼻炎患者56例,收缩鼻腔前后分别进行鼻堵视觉模拟量表(visualanalogue scale,VAS)评分并分为两组:组1,30例,VAS评分>7;组2,26例,VAS评分<7。组3,正常对照组,24例,VAS评分=0。3组分别进行鼻声反射和鼻阻力测量。记录两侧鼻腔前2个最小截面积(minimum cross-sectional area of nasal cavity,MCA1)、MCA2及其距离前鼻孔距离(the distance between the nostril to minimumcross-sectional area,MD1)、MD2,并分别记算两侧的比值;测量距离前鼻孔5 cm、2～5 cm、5～7 cm的两侧鼻腔容积(nasal volume,V5)、V2-5、V5-7并分别记算两侧的比值;测量双侧鼻腔总阻力(nasal resistance total,RT),计算双侧鼻腔阻力差异比(Rlr)。取收缩鼻腔后数值进行统计学检验。结果 3组MCA1、MD1、MCA2、MD2和RT值均无统计学差异;3组间各比值,除MD1、V5-7差异无统计学意义外,其余比值差异均存在统计学意义;组1测量结果较组2或组3有明显差异,结构异常也更加明显。结论鼻堵严重程度与两侧鼻腔结构异常程度有一定关联;鼻堵VAS评分、鼻声反射和鼻阻力测量应作为结构性鼻炎术前评估的常规手段。     

输尿管镜治疗急性上尿路梗阻无尿的效果评价

目的探讨输尿管镜技术处理急性上尿路梗阻性无尿的临床应用价值。方法分析37例急性上尿路梗阻性无尿患者应用输尿管镜处理的临床资料。结果本组37例患者均应用输尿管镜行取石、气压弹道碎石或检查术,术中留置单侧或双侧输尿管双J管,成功34例,成功率达到91．9％。术后32例。肾功能恢复正常,4例肌酐在180μmol／L左右,1例定期血透。结论输尿管镜在处理急性上尿路梗阻时可快速解除梗阻从而保护肾功能,有助于疾病诊断。     

Delayed duodenal intramural hematoma with obstruction

An intramural duodenal hematoma with duodenal obstruction is usually a complication of blunt abdominal trauma, endoscopic biopsy, or peptic ulcer disease. Possible management strategies include conservative treatment, surgical evacuation, and percutaneous or endoscopic drainage. We report on a 40-year-old man with a remote history of trauma who presented with vomiting for 3 days. At surgery, he was found to have an intramural duodenal hematoma causing obstruction.     

盆腔多重造影对慢传输型便秘合并出口梗阻患者手术疗效的评价

目的 探讨盆腔多重造影对慢传输型便秘合并出口梗阻患者手术疗效评价的临床意义.方法 通过结肠传输实验筛选,经盆腔多重造影诊断慢传输型便秘伴有出口梗阻的患者48例,针对不同的病因实施外科手术.术后1个月行盆腔多重造影,分别测量术前和术后的肛直角、会阴位置、盆底腹膜位置和膀胱位置,观察脏器相互位置改变及排粪梗阻解除的影像学表现.结果 48例患者根据术前的盆腔多重造影检查结果分别施行直肠前突修补术、直肠黏膜部分切除加固定术和子宫悬吊术等手术,术后全部获得6～58（平均19）个月的随访,46例（95.8%）患者术后排粪频率平均1.9次/d.影像学测量结果：肛直角变化（度）：术前力排相和差值分别为128.09±13.82和11.14±12.58,术后则分别为180.26±9.98和20.01±13.11（P＜0.05） 会阴位置变化（cm）：术前力排相和差值分别为-2.05±0.83和2.23±0.78,术后则分别为-0.50±1.13和2.18±1.04（P＜0.05） 盆底腹膜位置（cm）：术前力排相和差值分别为4.91±1.32和1.32±0.89,术后则分别为2.62±2.53和3.28±0.68（P＜0.05） 膀胱位置（cm）：有泌尿系症状者术前力排相和差值分别为3.92±2.51和1.39±1.27,术后则分别为2.15±1.55和1.98±1.54（P＜0.05） 差异均具有统计学意义.结论 盆腔多重造影对慢传输型便秘合并出口梗阻患者的手术疗效能提供客观的分析依据和评价手段.     

结肠灌洗在左半结肠癌并肠梗阻一期吻合术中的应用

目的探讨左半结肠癌并肠梗阻一期切除吻合手术中行结肠灌洗的临床应用价值。方法收集由同一手术组完成的55例行二期手术和同期59例行一期切除吻合术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,对比两组的吻合口瘘发生率、切口感染发生率、术后住院时间。结果两组均痊愈出院,无严重并发症和手术死亡病例。结论左半结肠癌肠梗阻术中结肠灌洗并一期切除吻合的治疗效果安全可靠,术中结肠灌洗是手术成功的关键。     

幽门梗阻的嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎1例

1 临床资料 女,1岁7个月,因"反复呕吐1月余"于2010年7月入南京医科大学附属南京儿童医院(我院).入院1月前每次进食后即呕吐胃内容物,量中等,不含胆汁,呈非喷射性,呕吐后食欲亢进.在当地医院行胃镜检查提示"幽门持续闭合,胃镜不能通过".入院前20 d因"严重电解质紊乱"于我院门诊就诊,给予钠、钾、氯等电解质液体,抗感染和抑酸解痉治疗10余天,血电解质恢复正常,呕吐略有缓解.入院前6 d再次出现每次进食后即呕吐,门诊以"呕吐待查:幽门梗阻?"收入院.