腹腔镜治疗粘连性肠梗阻效果观察

目的对应用腹腔镜治疗粘连性肠梗阻的治疗效果进行探讨。方法将80例粘连性肠梗阻患者随机分为研究组和对照组各40例。研究组采用腹腔镜治疗,对照组则采用传统开腹手术治疗。治疗结束后,进行以下方面的对比:术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间长短、拔管时间长短以及肠胃功能恢复时间。结果研究组术中出血量(50.2±20.6)ml,手术时间(68±41)min、住院时间(5.2±1.3)d,拔管时间(3.2±2.4)d,肠胃功能恢复时间(2.0±1.6)d,均优于对照组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用腹腔镜治疗法较之于传统开腹治疗粘连性肠梗阻效果更佳,安全可靠,值得临床应用推广。     

先天性结肠闭锁18例诊治分析

目的：探讨结肠闭锁的病因、分类、临床表现、外科治疗及预后。方法收集本院2004年10月至2013年10月收治的18例结肠闭锁患儿临床资料,总结我们在诊疗方面的经验。结果18例患儿中,外院造瘘1例,本院急诊手术17例,均在入院后8～20 h内手术。闭锁部位发生在横结肠8例,升结肠3例,降结肠2例,结肠肝曲2例,结肠脾曲2例,乙状结肠1例。Ⅲ型14例,Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型2例。14例行一期肠吻合术,3例行乙状结肠造瘘,1例术中放弃治疗。全组有2例死亡。结论当闭锁发生在近端结肠时应选择回结肠吻合;当闭锁盲端在脾区以远,可以保留回盲部及部分近端结肠行结结肠吻合;如果闭锁盲端超过乙状结肠或患儿一般情况较差时,应先行肠造瘘。     

Bilateral stenting methods for hilar biliary obstructions

OBJECTIVE:

There is no consensus regarding the most appropriate methods (i.e., the side-by-side versus the stent-in-stent technique) for placing bilateral stents for malignant hilar biliary obstructions. We aimed to perform a quantitative review of the published data regarding the clinical efficacy of the side-by-side and stent-in-stent bilateral drainage techniques for hilar biliary obstructions.

METHODS:

A comprehensive search of several databases was conducted and a fixed-effects or random-effects model was used to pool the data from all of the study end-points.

RESULTS:

Four clinical trials were identified. A comparison of the side-by-side and stent-in-stent groups revealed no significant differences with respect to the rates of successful placement, successful drainage, early complications, late complications and stent occlusions. There were also no significant inter-group differences in stent patency and patient survival and no publication bias was observed.

CONCLUSIONS:

The performance of the side-by-side technique appears to be similar to that of the stent-in-stent technique for bilateral drainage in patients with malignant hilar biliary obstructions.     

Delayed right coronary ostial obstruction after J-valve deployment in transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A case report

BACKGROUND Aortic stenosis is the most common valve disease in adults.Transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI)is being increasingly applied for intermediate-to lowrisk patients.Here,we describe an uncommon complication of delayed right coronary obstruction in a transapical TAVI case.CASE SUMMARY A 73-year-old woman with a EuroSCORE II of 1.21%underwent transapical TAVI because of severe aortic stenosis.The surgical procedure was uneventful.However,during routine monitoring after valve placement,the patient had a sudden onset of slow heart rate,the systolic blood pressure dropped sharply from 115 to 60 mmHg,and the central venous pressure abruptly increased from 10 to 33 cmH2O.The patient had a poor response to vasoactive agents.Transesophageal echocardiography revealed poor myocardial contractility,and electrocardiography showed a significant depression of ST-segment.Another angiography was performed immediately,which suggested complete obstruction of the right coronary artery.An emergency protocol was initiated.Cardiopulmonary bypass was established immediately.An aortic biological valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass was performed.CONCLUSION Perioperative monitoring,early recognition,and diagnosis of obstruction of coronary arteries in TAVI are important.Transesophageal echocardiography is a useful diagnostic and monitoring tool in this situation.Emergency protocols should be established during TAVI.     

节育环逆行植入泪囊术治疗慢性泪囊炎

目的:探索治疗泪道阻塞,慢性泪囊炎的新方法。方法:用节育环逆行植入泪囊后,用药液冲洗泪道2~4周,然后拔出节育环。用本方法治疗108例(117只眼),随访0.5~5年不等。结果:84只眼(71.8%)治愈,18只眼(15.4%)显效,12只眼(10.3%)有效,3只眼(2.5%)无效。无重要并发症。结论:本方法具有操作安全、简便、无痛苦、无并发症,效果好,费用低的优点,值得临床推广。     

An unusual case of early-stage obturator hernia causing bowel obstruction and strangulation

Obturator hernia is rare, contributing to less than 2% of the total incidence of small bowel obstructions. The diagnosis of obturator hernia is still a big challenge today. Abdominopelvic Computed Tomography scans have better diagnostic value preoperatively, showing the bowel loop between the pectineus and obturator externus muscle. We report an unusual case of a 77-year-old woman who presented to the emergency ward with an acute abdominal pain. Plain abdominal radiography showed small bowel obstruction. However, a computed tomography scan only showed signs of closed-loop obstruction and strangulation with bulging of the peritoneum through the obturator foramen. Exploration by laparotomy allowed complete evaluation of the obturator canal and confirmed the diagnosis of obturator hernia as a cause of bowel obstruction and strangulation.     

Proposal of the 3O (Obstruction,Ureteric Orifice,and Outcome) Subclassification System Associated with Obstructed Hemivagina and Ipsilateral Renal Anomaly (OHVIRA)

Study ObjectiveTo propose a “3O” (obstruction, ureteric orifice, and outcome) subclassification system associated with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA).DesignRetrospective case series.SettingXiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.ParticipantsA total of 26 women with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA) over a 9-year period.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresIn all cases, the obstruction, ureteric orifice, outcome and surgical strategy were reviewed.ResultsIn our study, the “obstruction” category included 14 cases of blind hemivagina, 8 cases of buttonhole septum, 3 cases of cervical fistula, and 1 case of cervical atresia. A total of 25 patients with vaginal obstruction underwent resection of the vaginal septum. The patient with cervical atresia underwent a failed cervicoplasty, followed by hemi-hysterectomy. The “ureteric orifice” category included 24 cases of absent ureter with no orifice, as well as 2 cases of ureteric orifice emptying into the obstructed hemivagina. The 2 patients were treated with laparoscopic extirpation of the ectopic ureter and renal moiety. Regarding the “outcome” category, 5 patients with severe recurrent hematometra, hematosalpinx, and ovarian endometrioma underwent hemi-hysterectomy, salpingectomy, and cystectomy of the ovarian endometrioma. Both patients (1 with a septate uterus and 1 with a bicornuate uterus) who experienced recurrent abortion accepted uterine correction.ConclusionWe provide new insights into the anatomical variants of this rare syndrome with the relevant surgical implications. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most useful tool in 3O diagnosis.     

UPJO手术中双J管置入膀胱失败的危险因素分析

目的分析肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(ureteropelvic junction obstruction,UPJO)患儿双J管置入膀胱失败的危险因素,为选择合适的治疗方法提供依据。方法回顾性收集山西省儿童医院2012年6月至2017年9月因UPJO行离断性肾盂输尿管再吻合术的96例患儿作为研究对象,年龄3个月至12岁,男78例,女18例。左侧60例,右侧23例,双侧13例。依据术中双J管置入成功与否分为成功组(n=74)和失败组(n=22)。结果失败组和成功组输尿管远端狭窄的比例分别是8/22(36.4%)和0/74(0.0%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=29.350,P<0.001)。失败组与成功组合并对侧肾积水的比例分别为7/22(31.8%)和7/74(9.6%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.648,P=0.010)。泌尿系统感染史、输尿管操作史、合并肾发育不良和腹痛史在两组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论双J管通过受阻时要考虑输尿管膀胱交界处狭窄,UPJO合并对侧肾积水预示着双J管置入失败的概率增大,治疗上宜选择传统的肾造瘘术。     

大肠癌术后早期肠梗阻的临床特点和治疗

目的探讨大肠癌术后早期肠梗阻的诊断与治疗.方法回顾性分析大肠癌手术424例术后早期肠梗阻32例的临床资料.结果22例经手术探查发现以机械性梗阻占多数(20/22),手术治愈20例,死亡2例,死亡原因均为延误手术时机造成;非手术治愈10例.结论大肠癌手术后早期肠梗阻虽有梗阻症状,但由于术后诸多因素的影响,大多缺乏典型机械性肠梗阻的临床表现,处理应先进行适当时间的非手术治疗,无缓解者再手术.     

良性前列腺增生患者膀胱内前列腺突入测定的临床意义

目的探讨良性前列腺增生（BPH）患者前列腺突入膀胱内的程度对膀胱出口梗阻及逼尿肌功能的预测与评价。方法以经腹超声证实前列腺突入膀胱内的BPH患者为研究组,无突入的患者为对照组,分析两组间临床资料及尿动力学检查结果的关系。结果研究组临床资料中,前列腺体积、残余尿量、急性尿潴留及膀胱小梁化的比率与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（p〈0．05）,膀胱内前列腺突入程度与前列腺体积、残余尿量呈正相关（r分别为0．401,0．342,p值分别为0．013,0．0231）;在尿动力学结果中,研究组排尿期最大尿流率（Qmax）、逼尿肌不稳定及低顺应性膀胱的比率与对照组相比差异显著（p〈0．01）,排尿期最大逼尿肌压力（Pdet.max）及梗阻指数显著高于对照组（p〈0．05）,膀胱内前列腺突入程度与Qmax呈负相关（r=-0．284,p=0．045）,与Pdet．max及膀胱出口梗阻指数（BOOI）呈正相关（r分别为0．252,0．456,p值分别为0．041,0．032）。结论前列腺突入膀胱的BPH患者膀胱出口梗阻及膀胱功能受损的程度明显高于无突入患者;经B超测定膀胱内前列腺突入的程度,可以预测及评价膀胱出口梗阻的程度和膀胱功能的改变。