男性原发性膀胱颈梗阻的尿动力学特点

目的 评价原发性男性膀胱颈梗阻的尿动力学表现.方法 回顾性分析23例男性原发性膀胱颈梗阻之尿动力学改变,包括尿流率、残余尿量及多通道尿动力学检查,并结合排尿期膀胱尿道造影、膀胱镜检查进行分析.结果 所有病例尿流率异常,可表现为最大尿流率降低,尿流曲线为钟型达峰时间延长或低平型.压力-流率检查可出现三型:高压-低流、正常压-低流、低压-低流,膀胱颈开放时间延迟在三型中均有出现.结合排尿期膀胱尿道造影、膀胱镜检查分析对确定诊断有重要意义.结论 普通尿动力学检查对原发性膀胱颈梗阻可作出初步诊断,明确诊断需结合排尿期膀胱尿道造影.     

Acute endometrial bowel obstruction—A rare indication for colonic stenting

INTRODUCTIONPelvic endometriosis is an extremely rare cause of large bowel obstruction and the management can be challenging. Urgent surgery for acute colonic obstruction is known to carry high morbidity and mortality, and operation may be made more difficult in extensive pelvic endometriosis. Less invasive alternatives in the acute situation may need to be considered.PRESENTATION OF CASEPresented is the case of a 35-year-old lady with obstructive bowel symptoms caused by an endometriotic upper rectal stricture. She was initially treated using radiologically guided stent insertion, as an acute intervention, prior to an elective bowel resection and hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.DISCUSSIONColonic stenting is currently widely used in malignant obstruction. The use of self expanding metallic stents (SEMS) to treat benign conditions is controversial, however, due to associated long term complications. This case demonstrates that stenting can provide a bridge to major surgery in the rare event of acute endometriotic colonic obstruction. The initial acute treatment with stenting provides the advantage of time to involve the multi-disciplinary team, to medically optimise the patient and to better plan the definitive surgery.CONCLUSIONThe use of radiologically guided stents has a place in the treatment of benign recto-sigmoid obstruction due to endometriosis and therefore should be considered as a bridge to further surgical treatment.     

梅克尔憩室诱发儿童闭袢性肠梗阻的诊治体会

目的分析梅克尔憩室引起儿童急性闭袢性肠梗阻患儿的临床资料,为及时救治提供经验。方法回顾本院自2006年3月至2014年10月收治的儿童腹腔内闭袢性肠梗阻的临床资料,就梅克尔憩室引起急性肠扭转、压迫形成闭袢性肠梗阻病例的病因、发病时间、临床表现、手术方式、术中发现及预后等进行分析。结果 8年间,收治腹腔内闭袢性肠梗阻患儿共37例,其中梅克尔憩室引起者9例。在梅克尔憩室引起的闭袢性肠梗阻中,男性6例,女性3例;平均发病年龄6.5岁,开放手术6例,腹腔镜手术3例。术中证实梅克尔憩室与周围组织粘连形成闭袢7例;肠扭转2例,其中1例为梅克尔憩室引起并伴肠坏死;另1例为纤维索带引起。术中行肠管复位,肠切除肠吻合或纤维索带切除术,术后1例出现粘连性肠梗阻,保守治疗无好转行再手术。所有患儿术后恢复良好,痊愈出院,随访12个月至8年未见异常。结论梅克尔憩室是引起儿童急性闭袢性肠梗阻的主要病因之一,学龄前后期发病多见,病情进展迅速,术前确诊困难,需早期探查,挽救肠管。     

新生儿十二指肠梗阻腹腔镜手术围术期并发症探讨

目的：探讨新生儿十二指肠梗阻腹腔镜手术围术期并发症的特点,并分析其产生原因和应对方法。方法总结分析本中心2012年1月至2016年5月经腹腔镜手术治疗的81例先天性十二指肠梗阻患儿临床资料。男性48例,女性33例;其中早产儿45例（孕周32～37 w）;低体重儿30例（体重＜2500 g,最小体重1304 g）。包括肠旋转不良35例,环状胰腺24例,十二指肠隔膜11例,十二指肠闭锁5例,多发畸形6例（环状胰腺伴隔膜1例,环状胰腺伴旋转不良4例,2处隔膜1例）。结果全组患儿除2例肠旋转不良中转开腹手术外,其余79例均完成腹腔镜手术;环状胰腺术后吻合口漏1例,经禁食、胃肠减压和支持治疗2周后痊愈;肠旋转不良手术后肠扭转、肠坏死1例,予再次开腹手术;旋转不良结肠电灼伤穿孔1例,予再次开腹手术修补;环状胰腺术后戳孔大网膜疝出1例,予再手术回纳。结论腹腔镜手术治疗新生儿十二指肠梗阻虽然较开放手术有优势,但同时也要注意其相关并发症。注意防范,不断提高手术技能,注重细节,扬长避短,尽可能减少并发症的发生。     

输尿管镜钬激光联合球囊扩张与单纯球囊扩张治疗输尿管狭窄的疗效分析

目的 比较输尿管镜钬激光联合球囊扩张与单纯球囊扩张治疗输尿管狭窄的安全性及有效性.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2015年1月经本院治疗的45例输尿管狭窄患者,根据其手术方式分为观察组和对照组,观察组为球囊扩张术联合应用Wolf 9硬性输尿管镜钬激光切开治疗输尿管狭窄的25例患者,对照组为应用单纯球囊扩张治疗输尿管狭窄的20例患者,比较两种方法治疗输尿管狭窄的临床效果.结果 25例输尿管狭窄患者顺利应用球囊扩张术治疗,并应用硬性输尿管镜钬激光进行切开,术后放置4.8F双J管2根,随访1～19个月,2例狭窄复发,2例肾积水无明显变化,术后无明显出血、尿瘘和感染等并发症发生,手术有效率为84.00％.20例患者应用输尿管狭窄球囊扩张治疗,术后放置4.8F双J管2根,术后随访1 ～19个月,4例术后狭窄复发,肾积水无明显变化5例,术后无明显出血、尿瘘和感染等并发症发生,手术成功率55.00％.对两种方法治疗输尿管狭窄的临床疗效进行统计学分析(P＜0.05),差异有统计学意义.结论 球囊扩张联合钬激光术治疗输尿管狭窄的疗效优于单纯应用球囊扩张术,是治疗输尿管狭窄的首选方法,具有效果满意、创伤小、安全等优点,值得推广.     

经尿道前列腺等离子电切术联合内分泌疗法治疗晚期前列腺癌合并膀胱出口梗阻的临床疗效观察

目的观察经尿道前列腺等离子电切术(pPKRP)联合内分泌疗法治疗晚期前列腺癌合并膀胱出口梗阻的临床效果,并评价其临床应用价值。方法选择2013年2月至2017年12月期间在本院接受治疗的80例晚期前列腺癌合并膀胱出口梗阻患者作为研究对象,根据治疗方法不同将其分为两组,对照组(n=37)单纯给予最大限度雄激素阻断治疗,包括药物去势(皮下注射醋酸亮丙瑞林微球3.75 mg,每月1次)+口服比卡鲁胺50 mg/d,试验组(n=43)在对照组基础上加用PKRP术,比较两组患者治疗前和治疗后的最大尿流量(Qmax)、残余尿量(PVR)、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、前列腺体积、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)。结果试验组治疗后的Qmax、PSA、前列腺体积、IPSS、QOL大于对照组,PVR小于对照组(P<0.05);随访10~22个月,试验组15例患者病情出现进展,5例死亡,对照组有12例患者病情出现进展,4例死亡,两组患者的病情进展率、病死率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);试验组出现电切综合征2例、术后出血4例、术后尿道狭窄1例,经对症治疗后均明显改善。结论PKRP术联合内分泌疗法治疗晚期前列腺癌合并膀胱出口梗阻的短期疗效显著,能够明显改善患者的前列腺功能和临床症状,提高患者生存期的生活质量,具有较高的临床实用价值。     

前列腺动脉栓塞术与经尿道前列腺电切术治疗前列腺增生的Meta分析

目的比较前列腺动脉栓塞术(PAE)与经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗良性前列腺增生的疗效与安全性,为前列腺增生症适宜治疗方案的选择提供理论依据。方法通过检索PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane Library、CNKI、CBM、维普和万方等数据库,筛选出符合要求的PAE和TURP对比研究,并对所有纳入文献进行质量评价和资料提取,最后应用统计学软件Rev Man 5.3进行Meta分析,比较PAE与TURP治疗良性前列腺增生的优劣势。结果本研究最终共纳入9篇文献,共计675例患者。Meta分析结果显示:①临床疗效方面,术后3个月,TURP组优于PAE组,疗效指标IPSS、QOL、Qmax、PVR、PV的改善差异有统计学意义;术后12个月,TURP组改善情况优于PAE组,虽然指标IPSS、PVR的改善差异无统计学意义,但其余指标QOL、Qmax、PV的改善差异具有统计学意义;术后24个月,PAE组与TURP组治疗效果相近,指标IPSS、QOL、Qmax、PVR、PV的改善差异无统计学意义;PAE组失败率(4.4%)大于TURP组(0.5%);②安全性方面,PAE组比TURP组术中出血量少[MD=-98.25,95%CI:-105.51^-91.00,P<0.00001]、留置导尿时间短[MD=-1.61,95%CI:-2.31^-0.90,P<0.0006]、住院时间短[MD=-3.07,95%CI:-4.40^-1.74,P<0.00001];两组手术时间差异无统计学意义[MD=17.28,95%CI:-15.92~50.48,P=0.31];PAE组并发症(21.6%)少于TURP组(33.7%)。结论PAE治疗良性前列腺增生短期疗效(3个月)不及TURP;但中长期疗效(24个月)与TURP相近。总体来说,PAE较TUPR安全性高,具有术中出血量少,留置导尿时间短、住院时间短、并发症少的优点,对于不能耐受麻醉及TURP者可选择PAE治疗良性前列腺增生。但PAE手术失败率相对较高,其疗效的稳健性相对较差,目前尚没有足够的证据认定PAE优于TURP。未来随着更大样本、更多中心以及设计精良的随机对照试验出现,PAE用于治疗前列腺增生的疗效可以得到进一步的论证。     

Double ischemic ileal stenosis secondary to mesenteric injury after blunt abdominal trauma

The authors describe a rare case in which blunt abdominal trauma resulted in mesenteric injury with delayed double ischemic ileal stenosis. Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated stenotic ileal loop with mural thickening. At surgery, a double stenotic bowel loop was found adjacent to a healed defect in the mesentery. Histological examination of the two resected segments showed fibrotic and ischemic lesions within the mesentery. Ischemic intestinal stenosis from mesenteric injury should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients suffering from intestinal occlusion with a history of blunt abdominal trauma.     

The effects of iloprost on colonic anastomotic healing in rats under obstructive ileus conditions

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of iloprost, on colonic anastomotic healing in rats, under obstructive ileus conditions.

Materials and methods

Eighty male Albino rats were randomized into four groups of 20 animals each. They underwent colonic resection followed by an inverted anastomosis. The rats of group 1 (control) and group 2 (ileus) received 3 mL of saline 0.9% intraperitoneally and those of group 3 (iloprost), and group 4 (ileus + iloprost) iloprost (2 μg/kg of body weight), immediately postoperatively and daily until the day of sacrifice. Each group was further divided into two equal subgroups, depending on the day of sacrifice. The animals of subgroup “a” were sacrificed on the fourth postoperative day, whereas those of “b” on the eighth day. Macroscopic and histologic assessment was performed, whereas anastomotic bursting pressures and the tissue concentrations in hydroxyproline and collagenase I were evaluated.

Results

Means of bursting pressure, neoangiogenesis, fibroblast activity, and hydroxyproline concentration were significantly increased in group 4 compared with group 2. In addition, on the fourth postoperative day, the inflammatory cell infiltration and the collagenase I concentration were significantly decreased in group 4 compared with group 2. Moreover, on the eighth postoperative day, collagen deposition was significantly increased in group 4 compared with group 2.

Conclusions

Iloprost after intraperitoneal administration reverses the negative effect of obstructive ileus. It promotes not only the angiogenic activity but also collagen formation, resulting in increased bursting pressures on the fourth and eighth postoperative days.