持续创新管理适应新时期护理改革需求

护理部主动适应新时期护理改革需要，加强了理论、技能的培训考核，建立了整体护理组长竞争上岗机制，开展了护理竞赛活动及各类评优活动，调动了全院护理人员工作积极性，增强了服务意识及业务管理能力，护理质量及患者满意率持续稳步提升，使护理工作走上了科学化、规范化、标准化的管理轨道。     

Understanding intention to leave amongst new graduate Canadian nurses: A repeated cross sectional survey

Background

Previous studies indicate that new graduate nurses’ first year of work is both stressful and difficult. The turnover rate of this group is particularly high. There is a need to increase our understanding of why new graduate nurses intend to leave their current employer.

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to examine what proportion of new graduate nurses intends to leave their current position and to examine the relationship between transition programs, empowerment, work environment and intent to leave.

Design

Survey data was collected with new graduate nurses over a 5-year period, beginning in 2004 and ending in 2008. A total of 348 new graduate nurses were surveyed in eastern Canada.

Results

The results showed that 49.6% of the new graduate nurses did not intend to leave their current employer, whereas 4.9% were definitely planning to leave and 45.5% expressed different levels of uncertainty. Regression analysis indicated that a component of the work environment, foundations for quality nursing care, and a component of psychological empowerment, goal internalization explained, 24% of the variance of intent to leave.

Conclusion

This study provides a more comprehensive understanding of factors that influence intent to leave. It also supports the importance of a good working environment for the retention of new graduate nurses.     

老年人跌倒危险因素及预防研究进展

阐述老年人跌倒发生情况,并从内部因素和外部因素综述老年人跌倒的危险因素以及预防措施的研究进展。     

肠道菌群与肥胖发生关系研究进展

肠道菌群在肥胖的发生发展过程中起着重要的作用。肠道微生物的种类和相互比例与肥胖密切相关,肠道菌群通过宿主与饮食交互作用调节能量代谢,肠道菌群的改变也可导致过多毒素产生进而诱发炎症反应和促进脂肪代谢综合征。本文就近年来有关肠道微生物与肥胖相关研究进展进行综述。     

脑小血管病影像学研究进展

脑小血管病是由颅内小血管病变导致的以认知能力下降为主要临床表现的一系列综合征,起病隐匿,常与神经退行性疾病并存。脑小血管病的诊断离不开影像方法,2012年全球神经影像研究专家在指南中确立了脑小血管病的6种关键性损伤的神经影像术语,分别是近期皮质下小梗死、假定血管源性的腔隙灶、假定血管源性的白质高信号、血管周围间隙、脑微出血和脑萎缩。本文对脑小血管病在影像学方面的研究进展进行综述。     

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the New Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (New BJSQ) among workers in China

This study aimed to develop the Chinese version of the New Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (New BJSQ) and investigate its reliability and validity. The survey was administered at two time-points separated by a two-week interval among Chinese workers. The Chinese version of the New BJSQ was developed according to the international guidelines. Cronbach’s alpha, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), and Pearson correlation coefficient were calculated to assess the reliability. A variance explained by the first factor was calculated to examine factor-based validity, and confirmatory factor analysis was performed (CFA) to determine the construct validity. Baseline and follow-up analyses included 516 and 52 workers, respectively. In most scales, sufficient internal consistency and test-retest reliability were observed, and principal component analyses demonstrated that the first factor explained more than 50% proportion of the variance. CFA showed that the four-factor model (Job demands, Task-level job resources, Workgroup-level job resources, and Organizational-level job resources) demonstrated a moderate fit, similar to the original version. The Chinese version of New BJSQ showed good reliability and moderate validity. Future studies should explore content and construct validities and the factor structure of the Chinese version of the New BJSQ in more detail.     

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Breakthrough by Omicron and Delta Variants,New York,USA

Recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants have greater potential than earlier variants to cause vaccine breakthrough infections. During emergence of the Delta and Omicron variants, a matched case–control analysis used a viral genomic sequence dataset linked with demographic and vaccination information from New York, USA, to examine associations between virus lineage and patient vaccination status, patient age, vaccine type, and time since vaccination. Case-patients were persons infected with the emerging virus lineage, and controls were persons infected with any other virus lineage. Infections in fully vaccinated and boosted persons were significantly associated with the Omicron lineage. Odds of infection with Omicron relative to Delta generally decreased with increasing patient age. A similar pattern was observed with vaccination status during Delta emergence but was not significant. Vaccines offered less protection against Omicron, thereby increasing the number of potential hosts for emerging variants.     

先天性垂体功能减退症研究进展

先天性垂体功能减退症是一种比较罕见的内分泌疾病,多由于垂体本身基因突变、围生期损伤或者缺氧所致.文章主要从垂体功能减退症病因学方面进行综述,着重从与垂体发育有关基因突变方面进行阐述,同时也包括最近临床分型、MRI诊断方面以及预后方面的进展.最后指出要重视改善患者生存质量和减少社会负担.     

丘脑病变与认知障碍研究方法进展

丘脑病变后认知障碍为当前临床神经心理学研究热点,不同部位丘脑病变引起的认知改变模式仍在不断探索和争议中。本文对丘脑病变后认知障碍的研究方法进行综述,试图归纳国内外已有研究结果存在分歧之部分原因。