胎儿超声NT联合血清PIGF、ADAM12、uE3检测在唐氏综合征的早期预测中的价值分析

目的 探讨胎儿超声颈项透明层厚度(NT)联合血清胎盘生长因子(PIGF)、解整合素-金属蛋白酶12(ADAM12)、游离雌三醇(uE3)检测对唐氏综合征(DS)的早期预测价值.方法 回顾性分析2017年2月至2018年2月间于空军军医大学第一附属医院行产检的500例孕妇资料,使用超声检测胎儿NT,并检测孕妇血清中PIG...     

颈部坏死性筋膜炎6例

目的：提高临床医师对颈部坏死性筋膜炎的认识。方法：回顾分析6例颈部坏死 性筋膜炎患者的临床资料及治疗结果。结果：6例患者经手术及药物治疗,5例治愈,1例因并发脓毒血症导致多器官功能衰竭死亡。结论：颈部坏死性筋膜炎 是一种进展迅速、病情凶险的感染性疾病,治疗上以尽早彻底清创、应用广谱抗菌素及支持治疗为主,增加对该病的认识有利于早期诊断,并有利于提高颈部坏死性筋膜炎的疗效。     

晚期下咽癌、喉复发癌术后颈部缺损整复组织的选择

目的:探讨以不同组织移植物Ⅰ期重建晚期下咽癌、喉复发癌术后颈部、下咽食管缺损的适应证及治疗效果。方法:喉复发癌36例, 肿瘤切除后采用胸大肌肌皮 瓣修补组织缺损18例,肩胸皮瓣修补4例,胃代食管修补2例,胸部推移皮瓣重建下颈部与上纵隔组织缺损,并消灭手术死腔12例。晚期下咽癌16例,颈段食管癌8例,以游离空肠整复1例, 健侧喉黏膜瓣修复咽部缺损8例,喉气管代食道8例,胸大肌皮瓣修复咽部缺损2例,胃代食管2例,游离前臂皮瓣修复下咽1例。 结果:术中无一例死亡,术后无修复组织坏死 ,全部组织瓣存活。采用健侧喉黏膜瓣修复者,仅 1例有术前放疗史的患者发生术后咽漏,胸大肌皮瓣 修复者发生咽漏1例,胃代食道术后发生咽漏1例。全部病例愈合后均恢复正常饮食。随访 9～84个月,14例出现吞咽梗阻,可进流质饮食。结论:下咽癌患者术后组织缺损的修复方法各有侧重。肿瘤的部位和手术后组织缺损的大小是选择修复方法的首要因素;其次,应结合患者的年龄和全身状况,考虑减少并发症。     

Dysphagia revealing a giant cystic parathyroid adenoma

The aim of this observation was to report a rare case of symptomatic and non-functional cystic parathyroid adenoma in a 52-year-old female, diagnosed with imaging and treated by surgical resection of the gland.     

后路小切口人工全髋关节置换术

目的 观察后路小切口人工全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty，THA）的临床效果。方法 将70例患者按年龄、性别、体重指数、病种、髋关节功能配对分为两组进行前瞻性研究。35例小切口组，术前Harris评分52．21（24～76），35例标准后路手术组（简称标准组），术前Harris评分51．6（33～68）。分析手术时间、术中出血＋术后12h引流量、并发症、切口长度、疼痛评分、Harris评分等。结果 平均随访11.5个月（6～14个月）。两组手术时间相近。小切口组平均切口长9．0cm（7．0～12cm），标准组16cm（12—20cm），两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；小切口组平均出血500ml（270～700m1），29％（10／35）需输血，输血量约400ml，而标准组平均出血约950ml（600～1200m1），100％需输血，平均输血650ml，小切口组明显比标准组具有优势（P〈0．05）；小切口组疼痛评分平均为4．8分，标准组为6．8分（P〈0.01）。术后6个月，小切口组Harris评分94．0（84～100），标准组Harris评分90．5（82～94）。结论 后路小切口微创技术具有创伤小、出血少、疼痛小、恢复快的特点，可获得与常规后路手术相同的冶疗效果。     

难切性胆囊的腹腔镜治疗

目的 探讨胆囊壶腹结石嵌顿伴胆囊积脓的腹腔镜胆囊切除（LC）的可行性及手术方法。方法 76例急性胆囊炎伴胆囊壶腹结石嵌顿胆囊积脓患者行LC。手术中见胆囊管增粗34例,阶梯施夹法11例,大号钛夹法9例,套扎线法4例,HOO-M-LOK结扎11例;手术中取出胆囊管结石9例,处理胆囊床出血6例;6例行胆囊前壁切除手术。结果 76例中LC全部成功,手术后均放置引流,手术后2例出现胆漏,经放置的腹腔引流管治愈,全组病例无术后出血,内脏损伤和胆道损伤等并发症发生。结论急性胆囊炎伴胆囊壶腹结石嵌顿和胆囊积脓患者LC手术可行,可达到LC的良好效果,不是LC手术的禁忌症。     

多灶性甲状腺乳头状癌168例临床研究

目的:探讨多灶性甲状腺乳头状癌的临床特征及外科治疗方式.方法:回顾分析1997年1月至2006年12月间首次手术并经病理证实的甲状腺乳头状癌648例,其中多灶病例168例.比较单灶组与多灶组及多灶组间的临床病理学差异.结果:本组多灶性甲状腺乳头状癌发生率为25.9%,其中双侧甲状腺多发病灶者117例(69.6%).多灶组在男性(P=0.004)、甲状腺癌家族史(P=0.031)、体检(P=0.000)及B超发现颈部淋巴结肿大(P=0.001)、B超提示结节钙化灶(P=0.001)、颈淋巴结转移(P=0.008)及甲状腺外侵犯(P=0.001)发生率等方面叫显高于单灶患者.而单灶组在伴有良性甲状腺疾病的比例明显高于多灶组(P=0.000).多灶性甲状腺乳头状癌病例中,男性、体检颈部淋巴结大、肿瘤位于双侧及病灶数目≥3个倾向于肿瘤较大、颈部淋巴结转移或甲状腺外侵犯的比例较高;而伴有良性甲状腺疾病的多灶性癌恶性度相对较低.本组164例(97.6%)获得随访;平均随访46.1个月(2～127个月).随访中5例死亡,1例胸部X线片怀疑肺部转移,16个月健在;6例于术后3～41个月因颈淋巴结复发再次手术;2例于术后13个月、24个月残余腺体肿瘤复发手术切除.总的1、2、5、10年生存期分别为98.2%、97.4%、96.5%、96.5%.美国癌症联合会(AJCC)分期与预后相关(X<'2=168.832,P=0.000).结论:多发病灶是甲状腺乳头状癌的临床特征之一,其生物学恶性度更高.甲状腺全切+中央区淋巴结清扫可视为标准手术方式,在外侧区出现淋巴结肿大时需加行侧方清扫.AJCC分期仍是多灶性甲状腺乳头状癌的重要预后因素.     

甲状腺微小癌的临床研究

目的 探讨甲状腺微小癌的临床特征及治疗原则.方法 回顾分析1997年1月至2006年12月收治的311例甲状腺微小癌的临床资料.结果 181例患者以结节性甲状腺肿、甲状腺瘤等良性病变为首发症状(偶发组),130例患者以甲状腺癌结节或体检B超怀疑恶性病变或以颈部淋巴结转移为首发症状(显性组).两组平均年龄分别为47岁及42岁(F=15.545,P=0.000).显性组恶性程度高于偶发组,其需行颈淋巴结清扫的比例分别为48.5%(63/130)及30.9%(56/181),颈部淋巴结转移率分别为27.7%(36/130)及10.5%(19/181),肿瘤两叶多发病灶分别为18.5%(24/130)及9.4%(17/181).结论 将甲状腺微小癌分为"偶发癌"和"显性癌"两个亚型对认识微小癌的发生、发展及指导临床治疗具有实际意义.对"显性癌"患者,患侧腺叶切除或甲状腺全切除应视为标准术式;而对"偶发癌"患者,在保证安全切缘的前提下,甲状腺次全或腺叶切除都可视为手术选择.同时应常规探查Ⅵ区淋巴结,肿大者应予以清扫,体检及B超提示颈淋巴结转移者需再加颈侧清扫.     

Robotic endoscopic surgery in a porcine model of the infant neck

Minimally invasive surgery is rapidly becoming the desired surgical standard, especially for pediatric patients. Infants and children are a particular technical challenge, however, because of the small size of target anatomical structures and the small surgical workspace. Computer-assisted robot-enhanced surgical telemanipulators may overcome these challenges by facilitating surgery in a small workspace. We studied the feasibility of performing robotic endoscopic neck surgery on a porcine model of the human infant neck. The study design was a prospective, feasibility pilot study of a small cohort for proof of concept and for a survival model. Sixteen non-survival piglets weighing 4.5–10 kg were used to develop the surgical approach and operative technique. Eight piglets aged 3–6 weeks old and weighing 4.0–9.1 kg underwent survival thyroidectomy by a cervical endoscopic approach using the Zeus surgical robot, which includes the Aesop endoscope holder and “Microwrist” microdissecting instruments. We succeeded in performing endoscopic robotic neck surgery on a piglet as small as 4 kg, in an operative pocket as small as 2 cm³. Total incision length for all three ports was ≤23 mm. There were no major complications, no major robotic instrument malfunctions or breakages, and no procedures required conversion to open surgery. These results support the feasibility of robotic endoscopic neck surgery on a neck the size of a human infant’s. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: ) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Diagnosis of cervical and thoracic musculoskeletal spinal pain receptive to mechanical movement strategies: a multicenter observational study

Background: The McKenzie’s Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT), which uses a combination of repeated movements and sustained positions to affect signs and symptoms, is commonly used for the conservative evaluation and management of cervical and thoracic spinal conditions.

Objective: Report a consecutive cohort of neck and thoracic pain patients managed using MDT and to record their classifications and physiotherapy management strategies.

Methods: Therapists provided demographic data on themselves and the patients, clinical data on the patients, and Neck Disability Index scores at baseline and final visit.

Results: Sixteen therapists collected data on 138 patients at baseline, of who 120 (87%) were followed up three to five visits later; these were patients with 131 cervical and seven thoracic problems. The therapists and patients are described. Regarding MDT classifications 83% were recorded as cervical and 100% as thoracic Derangement; there was a Directional Preference for extension in 80% of cervical spine patients, and 100% of thoracic spine patients. In addition, 13% of cervical spine patients were classified as OTHER, for which specific classifications were given. Classifications remained stable between initial and discharge sessions in 94% of patients. Neck Disability Index scores reduced from a mean of 24–12 at discharge (P < 0.001).

Conclusions: Routinely collected data can describe both therapists and patients involved, demonstrate the MDT classification clinical utility in terms of prevalence and stability between visits, provide information on the clinical course of this patients’ population, which could help establish treatment efficacy. Randomized controlled trials are needed to test for efficacy.