HGS-Dreiding分子模型在天然药物化学教学中的应用

介绍了HGS-Dreiding分子模型盒中的组成部件 ,以及使用该分子模型在解决某些天然药物立体化学教学中的使用价值 ,并就使用该分子模型对天然药物化学教材中紫乌定和葡萄糖的结构进行了深入的阐述     

Evaluation of a method to determine the natural occurrence of aflatoxins in commercial traditional herbal medicines from Malaysia and Indonesia

Traditional herbal medicines, popularly known as ‘jamu’ and ‘makjun’ in Malaysia and Indonesia, are consumed regularly to promote health. In consideration of their frequent and prolonged consumption, the natural occurrence of aflatoxins (AF) in these products was determined using immunoaffinity column clean-up and high-performance liquid chromatography with pre-column derivatization. The evaluated method, which entails dilution of sample extracts with Tween 20–phosphate buffered saline (1:9, v/v) and a chromatographic system using isocratic mobile phase composed of water–methanol–acetonitrile (70:20:10, v/v/v), was effective in separating AFB₁, AFG₁ and AFG₂ from interference at their retention times. Results were confirmed using post-column derivatization with photochemical reactor. For 23 commercial samples analyzed, mean levels (incidence) of AFB₁, AFB₂ and AFG₁ in positive samples were 0.26 (70%), 0.07 (61%) and 0.10 (30%) μg/kg, respectively; one sample was positive for AFG₂ at a level of 0.03 (4%) μg/kg. In contrast to the high levels of AF in crude herbal drugs and medicinal plants reported previously by other researchers, the low contamination levels reported in this study may be attributed to the higher selectivity to AF of the method applied. Based on the AFB₁ levels and the daily consumption of positive samples, a mean probable daily intake of 0.022 ng/kg body weight was calculated.     

一种新来源天然冰片与合成冰片的致突变性比较研究

目的与方法采用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验(Ames试验),比较天然冰片与合成冰片的致突变作用.结果在标准平板掺入法试验中,天然冰片与合成冰片在0.4～250.0μg/皿范围内,无论有或无S9活化系统,对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌突变株(TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102)的回变菌落数均无明显影响,且回变菌落背景正常.结论新来源天然冰片与合成冰片在该实验室条件下均不具致突变效应.     

饮用天然矿泉水人群健康调查

目的 调查了解湖南省天然矿泉水饮用人群的健康状况。方法选择长期饮用天然矿泉水人群为观察组，条件相近不饮用矿泉水人群为对照组，对比两组间健康指标的差异。结果 长期饮用天然矿泉水人群平均期望寿命(e^9)为72．04岁，比不饮用天然矿泉水的对照组人群e^0高出2．99岁，平均死亡年龄要高4．15岁，总患病率要低14．3％，人均医疗费用开支要少28．6％；男女小学生生长发育：男生身高高3．06cm，女生身高高4．26cm；男生体重重2．51kg，女生体重重3．40kg；男生胸围大1．62cm，女生胸围大1．81cm。结论长期饮用天然矿泉水人群的健康状况要优于条件相近不饮用矿泉水人群。     

国家自然科学基金中医药肿瘤领域研究项目资助概况

该文对1986—2016年度国家自然科学基金中医药肿瘤领域研究项目资助情况进行回顾,从资助数量、资助经费、资助类别以及项目的主要研究内容等方面概述资助项目的特点,同时为项目申请提出建议,旨在为相关领域基金申请者提供参考。     

国家自然科学基金资助基础研究项目评述(1)中药化学

中药化学是中药学基础研究中的分支学科，主要对中草药(植物、矿物、动物药物)单味或复方进行提取、分离和成分测定，并对其中具有明确治疗作用的单一化学成分或多组化学成分做进一步研究。本文简要介绍和分析了中药化学的研究情况及国家自然科学基金委员会(NSFC)生命科学部中医学和中药学学科近五年(1998～2002)间对中药化学研究项目的资助情况以及目前国内中药化学的研究概况。     

胆盐/磷脂混合胶束对疏水性天然药物增溶性能的研究

目的:研究胆盐/磷脂混合胶束(BS/PC-MM)体系对疏水性天然药物的增溶能力及影响因素。方法:选择不同纯度的大豆磷脂(SPC)、蛋黄磷脂(EPC)与高纯度的胆酸盐制备胆盐/磷脂混合胶束(BS/PC-MM)。以透光率方法测定胆酸盐对磷脂的溶解能力,以20(S)人参皂苷Rg3、Rh2、黄芪甲苷、20(S)原人参二醇、原人参三醇和呋喃二烯为疏水性模型药物,考察了SDC/SPC-MM对药物的增溶特性。结果:高纯度的大豆磷脂和蛋黄磷脂适合制备成澄明的BS/PC-MM溶液。胆酸盐对磷脂的增溶能力为,脱氧胆酸钠>胆酸钠,胆酸盐对蛋黄磷脂的溶解度增加略高于大豆磷脂。20(S)原人参二醇、原人参三醇和呋喃二烯与SPC的亲和性较高。而20(S)人参皂苷Rh2、Rg3和黄芪甲苷与SDC的亲和性强,SDC/SPC-MM的脂质总质量增加,疏水性药物的溶解度提高。结论:胆盐/磷脂混合胶束(BS/PC-MM)对疏水性药物具有较好的溶解度,增溶能力受药物的理化性质和混合胶束的组成影响,可成为疏水性药物的非肠道给药新型载体。     

Potential therapeutic effect of Allium cepa L. and quercetin in a murine model of Blomia tropicalis induced asthma

Background

Asthma is an inflammatory condition characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and chronic inflammation. The resolution of inflammation is an essential process to treat this condition. In this study we investigated the effect of Allium cepa L. extract (AcE) and quercetin (Qt) on cytokine and on smooth muscle contraction in vitro and its therapeutic potential in a murine model of asthma.

Methods

AcE was obtained by maceration of Allium cepa L. and it was standardized in terms of quercetin concentration using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vitro, using AcE 10, 100 or 1000 μg/ml or Qt 3.5, 7.5, 15 μg/ml, we measured the concentration of cytokines in spleen cell culture supernatants, and the ability to relax tracheal smooth muscle from A/J mice. In vivo, Blomia tropicalis (BT)-sensitized A/J mice were treated with AcE 100, 1000 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg Qt. We measured cell influx in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) in lungs, serum levels of Bt-specific IgE, cytokines levels in BAL, and lung histology.

Results

We observed a reduction in the production of inflammatory cytokines, a relaxation of tracheal rings, and a reduction in total number of cells in BAL and EPO in lungs by treatment with AcE or Qt.

Conclusion

AcE and Qt have potential as antiasthmatic drugs, as they possess both immunomodulatory and bronchodilatory properties.     

大鼠α_1肾上腺素受体及其亚型影响β肾上腺素受体介导心肌正性变力效应的途径

在大鼠心脏上同时激动α１肾上腺素受体（α１－ＡＲ）与β－肾上腺素受体的（β－ＡＲ），较单独激动β－ＡＲ时产生的ｃＡＭＰ明显减少，α１Ａ－ＡＲ亚型抑制，而α１Ｂ－ＡＲ亚型增强β－ＡＲ刺激ｃＡＭＰ生成的作用。但α１－ＡＲ及其亚型激动不影响ｆｏｒｓｋｏｌｉｎ引起的ｃＡＭＰ生成，亦不影响β－ＡＲ与［１２５Ｉ］吲哚洛尔的最大结合容量和解离常数。苯福林激动α１－ＡＲ对三磷酸鸟苷使异丙肾上腺素与［１２５Ｉ］吲哚洛尔的竞争抑制曲线右移程度无显著影响。提示α１－ＡＲ及其亚型影响β－ＡＲ心肌正性变力效应的作用发生在腺苷酸环化酶激动之前的环节，但并不影响β－ＡＲ本身及其与Ｇ蛋白的偶联。     

从认知语言学角度探讨中医六淫概念隐喻——以湿邪概念为例

从认知语言学概念隐喻理论的角度,以"湿邪"概念为例探讨了中医"六淫"概念隐喻。将中医"湿邪"的特征和致病特点与自然界之"湿(气)"的特征进行类比,认为中医"湿邪"概念的形成来源于自然界之"湿(气)"概念的跨域映射;进一步说明了中医"六淫"病因概念并非实体或具体概念,而是古人在"天人合一"的思想指导下,在身体体验的基础上根据人与自然界相似性的心理联想,不自觉地将自然界中的"风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火"等具体概念通过隐喻的认知手段跨域运用到病因领域而形成的抽象概念。中医"六淫"概念范畴经历了由真实病因向隐喻病因转变的历史过程,具有隐喻的认知特征。