探讨促性腺激素释放激素激动剂不同给药时机对巧克力囊肿剥除术患者自然妊娠率的影响

目的:探究与分析促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)不同给药时机对巧克力囊肿(OCC)剥除术患者自然妊娠率的影响。方法:回顾性分析2018年5月至2019年5月滨州市中心医院妇科收治的110例女性OCC剥除术患者的临床资料,年龄(30.45±2.44)岁,年龄范围为25～34岁。按照GnRH-a不同给药时机分为术前...     

Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery: The transvaginal route moving forward from cholecystectomy

The advent of minimally invasive surgery and the advances in endoluminal flexible endoscopy have converged to generate a new concept in digestive surgery, whose acronym natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), has become a familiar term in the surgical community. NOTES has been performed through the mouth, the bladder, the rectum and the vagina. Of these four approaches, the vagina has gained most popularity for several reasons. It is not only readily accessible and easy to decontaminate but it also provides safe entry and simple closure. The transvaginal approach has been described in the experimental and the clinical setting as an option for cholecystectomy, nephrectomy, splenectomy, segmental gastrectomy, retroperitoneal exploration and bariatric surgery. However, larger series are needed to delineate the exact risks of this approach, and to transcend cultural barriers that impede its wider introduction. Prospective randomized trials will shed light on the definitive role of the vaginal approach in minimal invasive surgery of the future.     

Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor of the Pancreas with Hepatic Metastasis: Spontaneous Regression Over 10-Year Follow-Up Period

A solid-pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) of the pancreas is known as a low grade malignant tumor with a good prognosis; therefore, surgical intervention is necessary. A 14-year-old boy presented with a large pancreatic SPT and three hepatic metastases. The patient and his family refused surgery. Two serial follow-up CT scans over a period of 13 years demonstrated almost complete disappearance of the pancreatic tumor and three hepatic metastases without relevant treatment. Although there have been a few reports of spontaneous healing of SPT, there has been no report regarding spontaneous disappearance of SPT and distant metastasis. Herein, we report on the spontaneous regression of a large SPT and the disappearance of three hepatic metastases.     

Herd immunity effect of the HPV vaccination program in Australia under different assumptions regarding natural immunity against re-infection

Deterministic dynamic compartmental transmission models (DDCTMs) of human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission have been used in a number of studies to estimate the potential impact of HPV vaccination programs. In most cases, the models were built under the assumption that an individual who cleared HPV infection develops (life-long) natural immunity against re-infection with the same HPV type (this is known as SIR scenario). This assumption was also made by two Australian modelling studies evaluating the impact of the National HPV Vaccination Program to assist in the health-economic assessment of male vaccination. An alternative view denying natural immunity after clearance (SIS scenario) was only presented in one study, although neither scenario has been supported by strong evidence. Some recent findings, however, provide arguments in favour of SIS.     

Safety and efficacy of allogeneic natural killer cell immunotherapy on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 immunological non-responders: a brief report

Background:Allogeneic natural killer (NK) cell immunotherapy is recognized as a promising anti-tumor strategy, but whether it plays a role in poor CD4 recovery among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected patients is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of allogeneic NK cells immunotherapy on HIV-1 immunological non-responders (INRs) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).Methods:From February to April 2018, a prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label clinical trial, which enrolled 20 HIV-1 INRs following specific inclusion criteria, was conducted at Nankai University Second People''s Hospital. Participants were randomly allocated (simple randomization 1:1) to either the combined treatment (NK + ART) group (n = 10) or the control (ART) group (n = 10). The allogenic highly activated NK cells from killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)/human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-Cw mismatched healthy donor were prepared (10⁸ cells in each injection) and intravenously infused to each recruited patient of NK+ART group in three courses. Key immune parameters (CD4 count, CD8 count, CD4/CD8 ratio), laboratory tests (count of blood cells, biochemistry panel) and symptoms at baseline and at month 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 were measured/collected to analyze the safety and efficacy of the therapy. Comparisons were between the seven time-points of both groups using repeated measurement analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was performed to evaluate the overall effect of the NK+ART group vs. the ART group.Results:From baseline to 24 months, we noted a mean CD4 count augmentation (139 to 243 cells/μL) in the NK + ART group and (144 to 176 cells/μL) in the ART group (difference, 67; 95% CI, 10 to 124; P = 0.024). Our estimations revealed that NK+ART group could improve CD4 level (β = 54.59, P = 0.006) and CD8 level (β = 322.47, P = 0.010) on average among the six measurements compared with the ART group. Only two (2/10, 20%) participants in the NK+ART group developed a transient mild fever after the first course.Conclusions:This preliminary study informs that HIV-1 INRs, allogenic NK cells immunotherapy is safe and could significantly improve CD4 recovery but not CD4/CD8 ratio. The practical effects, however, need long-term follow-up observations. Further study on the potential underlying mechanism is warranted.Registration info:www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=34912 (No. ChiCTR1900020634).     

早期肠内营养对犬重症急性胰腺炎自然病程和肠道屏障功能的影响

目的　观察早期肠内营养对犬重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)自然病程和肠道屏障功能的影响。方法　在SAP动物模型基础上将 15只犬随机分为肠外营养组 (PN组 )和早期肠内营养组 (EEN组 )。EEN组在术后 2 4h实施经空肠营养 ,共 7d。两组的供热、氮及液体量基本相等。两组动物分别于SAP模型制作前及制作后 3 0min及营养支持后 1d、4d及 7d测定外周血血糖、血钙、淀粉酶、溶酶体酶及内毒素含量 ;第 7d实验结束前 4h ,经静脉注入12 5I 白蛋白以测定胰腺通透性 ;实验结束后处死动物取门静脉血、肺组织、胰腺组织及肺门淋巴结和肠系膜淋巴结检测其中的细菌量 ,同时观察胰腺组织的病理学改变 ,结果作病理评分。测定小肠和结肠蛋白质和DNA含量以及粘膜形态学变化。结果　SAP动物模型制成后 ,血糖浓度升高 ,EEN组血糖浓度较PN组易于控制 ;两组动物的血钙、血淀粉酶和溶酶体酶水平在模型制作前后变化差异无显著性意义 ;胰腺 /血液及胰腺 /肌肉的12 5I 白蛋白标记指数比值两组间差异无显著性意义 ;EEN组外周血内毒素含量及门静脉血、胰腺及远隔脏器细菌数均明显低于PN组 (P<0 .0 5 )。胰腺病理评分两组间差异无显著性意义。EEN组肠壁蛋白质和DNA含量明显高于PN组 (P<0 .0 5 )。在绒毛高度、肠粘膜及全层厚度等指标EEN组也明显     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的 探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术临床应用的安全性及疗效.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2010年5月第三军医大学新桥医院完成的16例行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者的临床资料.取紧邻脐孔右侧缘行约1.5 cm的切口,入腹后置入连接好2个5 mm Trocar和1个10 mm Trocar所形成的三通道防漏气操作装置,制造气腹,以10 mm Trocar进入腹腔镜镜头,自2个5 mm Trocar各进入一把腹腔镜器械和5 mm超声刀,按常规腹腔镜操作方法完成胆囊切除术.结果 16例患者手术均获成功,手术时间为50～150 min,未放置引流管,术后无出血及胆汁漏等并发症发生.患者恢复良好,脐部无明显手术瘢痕.结论 经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术切口美观,安全可行.但操作难度较传统LC大,进一步完善脐部操作装置及手术器械,可望在一定程度上取代传统LC.     

Natural orifice surgery applied for colorectal diseases

Clinical natural orifice surgery has been applied to abdominal surgery in recent years, mostly using transvaginal and transgastric access. Rectal and transcolonic natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) were tested in animal and cadaver models by a few research groups. Despite the potential advantages of transcolonic NOTES for colorectal diseases, it has not yet been clinically applied. The first successful series of human applications of transcolonic NOTES in the literature from the NOTES Research Group in Brazil provide new possibilities in the field in new transrectal procedures for rectal cancer and benign disease. Successful first human reports on Transcolonic NOTES potentially brings new frontiers and applications for minimally invasive surgery. The treatment of colorectal diseases through flexible Perirectal NOTES Access is a promising new approach alongside existing laparoscopic and open surgery to improve patient care.     

Natural orifice translumenal surgery: Flexible platform review

Natural orifice translumenal surgery (NOTES) has garnished significant attention from surgeons and gastroenterologists, due to the fusion of flexible endoscopy and operative technique. Preliminary efforts suggest that NOTES holds potential for a less invasive approach with certain surgical conditions. Many of the hurdles encountered during the shift from open to laparoscopic surgery are now being revisited in the development of NOTES. Physician directed efforts, coupled with industry support, have brought about several NOTES specific devices and platforms to help address limitations with current instrumentation. This review addresses current flexible platforms and their attributes, advantages, disadvantages and limitations.