Comparison of perceptional nasal obstruction with rhinomanometric and acoustic rhinometric assessment

Perception of nasal stuffiness, together with rhinomanometric and acoustic rhinometric assessments were evaluated before and after nasal and/or sinus surgery in ¶50 Japanese adult patients. Nasal resistance on both expiration and inspiration correlated well with the patients’ perceptions (P<0.05). Nasal volumes (0–4 cm and 0–7 cm) obtained from acoustic rhinometry measurements also correlated well with perception (P<0.05). No significant relationships were found between rhinomanometric and acoustic rhinometric results. Perceptional nasal obstruction, rhinomanometric and acoustic rhinometric results (except for the sectional areas at the I-notch) improved significantly after the operations. Rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry are valuable methods for assessing nasal stuffiness, but we must take account of the differences between the two methods.     

老年人隐蔽性鼻出血的鼻内镜诊治

目的观察鼻内镜诊治老年人隐蔽性鼻出血的临床效果并评价其临床推广应用的可行性。方法经鼻内镜治疗的老年人隐蔽性鼻出血患者71例,回顾性分析其临床资料,总结诊治经过。结果本组病例中,依发生的频次高低,其出血部位依次为嗅裂（49例,69.01%）、下鼻道穹窿（10例,14.08%）、中鼻道后下区域（6例,8.45%）、鼻中隔前上区域（3例,4.23%）、鼻中隔骨性突起的凹面（3例,4.23%）。其中62例采用微波止血法,9例局部碘仿纱条加压填塞;1次性治愈62例（87.32%）,2次治愈9例（12.68%）。随访3～5个月,鼻出血均无复发。结论老年人隐蔽性鼻出血好发于嗅裂水平的鼻中隔区域。于内镜下进行鼻甲骨折移位有利于明确出血点;对出血点采用微波凝固法或定位填塞,可有效制止鼻出血。     

Mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

Mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is a rare disease, but its incidence appears to be increasing. The mean age at diagnosis is between 65 and 70 years. Unilateral nasal obstruction and epistaxis are the most common presenting complaints. Melanoma arises in the septum or lateral wall of the nasal cavity in the great majority of cases. The histological diagnosis is based on specific immunohistochemical labelling and is usually established at an advanced stage of disease: stage T3 or T4 tumours according to the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification of tumours. First-line treatment consists of surgery. The place of intranasal endoscopic surgery remains controversial due to the difficulty of controlling surgical margins and should be reserved for experienced teams. Adjuvant radiotherapy is usually performed due to its efficacy on local and regional disease control. Five-year overall survival of mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in the most recent series does not exceed 40%. Local recurrence is observed in about 50% of cases and metastatic disease is common. The quality of initial tumour resection with negative surgical margins is the most important prognostic factor for tumours confined to the nasal cavity. Hopes for improvement of survival are based on early diagnosis, progress in radiotherapy techniques and cell and gene therapy that are currently under evaluation.     

白细胞介素-5与嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白在鼻息肉发病中的意义及相互关系

目的：探讨白细胞介素—5(IL—5)及嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)在鼻息肉发病中的作用及相互关系。方法：采用pharmacia CAP荧光免疫系统和ELISA双抗体夹心法对30例鼻息肉患者(鼻息肉组)和8例鼻中隔偏曲或阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者(对照组)分别进行血清中ECP及组织匀浆中ECP、IL—5的检测。结果：鼻息肉组匀浆中IL—5的水平明显高于对照组，其差异有显著性意义(P＜0．05)；鼻息肉组血清与匀浆中的ECP含量明显高于对照组，其差异亦有显著性意义(P＜0．05)。鼻息肉组匀浆中IL—5与血清中ECP水平呈明显正相关(r＝0．598，P＜0．05)；与匀浆中的ECP水平也呈正相关(r＝0．451，P＜0．05)。结论：ECP是嗜酸性粒细胞活化的标志，也是导致鼻腔炎症发生的重要因子；IL—5在鼻息肉组织中高表达，并与血清和组织中ECP水平密切相关，共同促进鼻腔炎症过程的不断加重。     

鼻腔鼻窦青少年型骨化纤维瘤六例临床分析

目的 分析鼻腔鼻窦青少年骨化纤维瘤的临床特点,并探讨治疗方法。 方法 选取2015年5月至2017年12月治疗的6例鼻腔鼻窦青少年骨化纤维瘤,男4例、女2例,年龄2个月~12岁6个月,中位年龄6岁2个月。肿瘤发生于上颌窦1例,筛窦3例,蝶窦1例,额窦1例。患儿入院后均行手术治疗,1例患儿肿物累及视神经,为保留患儿视力行鼻内镜下肿物部分切除术,术后半年发现肿物累及视神经并广泛累及颅底,行第2次鼻内镜下肿物部分切除术,术后半年因肿物复发且累及范围广泛,在第3次手术时行右侧鼻侧切开联合鼻内镜下鼻-鼻窦骨化纤维瘤部分切除术。其余患儿均行鼻内镜下肿物切除术。除1例年龄为2个月的患儿未行导航CT检查外,患儿术中均采用美敦力FUSION ENT Image Guidance System电磁导航技术对肿物边缘予以定位。另有1例患儿因肿物位于蝶窦且有明确的滋养血管,鼻内镜术前1 d予以介入血管造影及栓塞术。患儿术后均定期随访,包括鼻内镜检查及鼻窦CT检查,了解患儿术区情况、症状是否缓解及有无并发症出现。 结果 6例患儿病理分型为砂砾样5例,小梁状1例。患儿均未失访,平均随访时间2.2年。其中1例复发,予以肿物部分切除,术后带瘤生存。其余患儿随访期内均未发现肿物复发且无并发症出现,患儿的原发症状均得到有效缓解。 结论 鼻腔鼻窦青少年骨化纤维瘤具有侵袭性生长和术后易复发的临床特点,手术是惟一有效的治疗方法。影像导航下鼻内镜手术是适合儿童的术式。     

复杂性全鼻缺损的修复重建

鼻缺损加上洞穿性鼻缺损的修复较为困难，本组病例恰当的采用局部皮瓣及瘢痕瓣移植，并在皮瓣移植的方式上，以改传统局部皮瓣旋转推进的方式，为“合页样翻转”方式，避免了蒂部旋转，使切取皮瓣的面积充分利用，增加了覆盖面积，使被封堵的缺损给鼻再造提供了完整基底，两种缺损同时得以修复。鼻再造选用额部扩张后皮瓣和前臂皮瓣为主，并依靠鼻骨缺损程度选用带骨皮瓣转移，取得较满意的效果。     

改良鼻饲法在脑卒中病人中的临床应用

目的 探讨鼻饲时合适的胃管置入长度及固定方法,为临床操作提供依据.方法 选取脑卒中病人139例,随机分为对照组与观察组,对照组按传统法留置胃管,观察组采取改良固定方法,对2组效果进行评价.结果 实验组病人胃内容物反流发生率、肺部感染率、脱管率明显低于对照组.结论 改良鼻饲法优于常规留置胃管法,减轻了对病人的刺激,减少了并发症的发生.     

颅底外科手术治疗侵犯前颅底的鼻部恶性肿瘤

本文报告了作者近年来开展颅底外科的临床资料，重点讨论了前颅底外科的手术进路及如何选择前颅底外科手术进路，简要阐明了前颅底缺损的修复方法和前颅底外科围手术期处理要点。     

Severe dysplastic lesions in the colon – how aggressive should we be?

Introduction Biopsies of colonic lesions are often reported as showing dysplasia, though in reality some lesions may harbour invasive malignancy. Aim To assess the risk of underlying invasive malignancy in sessile polyps where biopsies had shown severe dysplasia and also to attempt to define a management strategy in such patients. Methods Between 1997 and 2001, 30 patients were diagnosed as having severe dysplasia using Morson's criteria in colonic lesions not amenable for endoscopic polypectomy. Severely dysplastic lesions were completely excised by appropriate surgical measures. Results Out of 30 patients, 15 had invasive cancers. Surgical intervention involved anterior resections, endoanal excisions, sigmoid colectomies, or abdomino‐perineal excisions as deemed appropriate. The lesions ranged in size from 0.5 cm to 13 cm (mean 3.4 cm). There were nine T₁ lesions (one of which was T₁N₁) and two each of T₂, T₃, T₄ lesions (10 Dukes' A, 3 Dukes' B, 2 Dukes' C). Complete resection was confirmed histologically in all cases. One patient had a leak following endoanal excision, which required intervention. There was no mortality. Discussion This study demonstrates that endoscopic sampling can be misleading and severely dysplastic sessile lesions should be managed along the same principles as followed for invasive cancers, rather than adopting a ‘wait and watch’ policy with repeated endoscopies, biopsies or piece‐meal polypectomies.     

CT仿真内窥镜诊断胆囊息肉的研究

目的 :评价CT仿真内窥镜 (CTVE)诊断胆囊息肉的临床价值。材料和方法 :3 5例经彩色超声及病理证实的胆囊息肉患者进行了螺旋CT扫描 ,应用工作站中导航软件进行CTVE重建。结果 :彩超检出率 97 6% (80 /82 ) ,CTVE检出率为 92 7% (76/82 )。CTVE能够准确地显示息肉的三维形态 ,可任意角度观察 ,对息肉的大小、形态、部位等显示较好。结论 :CTVE作为无创性内镜样检查方法 ,对胆囊息肉的诊断有着重要的临床应用价值。