Variation of Nasal Respiratory Pattern With Age During Growth and Development

The purpose of this study was to determine changes in nasal respiratory pattern with growth and development, particularly to determine the age where upper airway growth ceases. The results on 361 healthy subjects, aged 7 to 24 years, based on aerodynamic measurements during rest breathing, showed clear differences between inspiratory and expiratory phases. Nasal airflow rate and cross-sectional area increased and oral-nasal pressure and nasal resistance decreased with age up to the age of 16, levelling by the age of 20 years. The body size and gender had effect only on nasal airflow rate. This study suggests that the measurements of the nasal respiratory pattern, determining impaired nasal airway, should be done during inspiration and using age-related assesment from a healthy population until the age of 16 years. From then on, guidelines for adults are applicable.     

鼻内翻性乳头状瘤及其癌变与p53蛋白异常表达

目的：探讨鼻内翻性乳头状瘤及其癌变与ｐ５３基因的关系。方法：采用免疫组化方法（ＡＢＣ法）对３６例鼻内翻性乳头状瘤（ＩＰ）组织和１６例鼻内翻性乳头状瘤癌变（ＩＰ＋ＳＣＣ）组织进行了ｐ５３蛋白检测。结果：３６例ＩＰ均为ｐ５３蛋白阴性，而在１６例ＩＰ＋ＳＣＣ组织中有５例为ｐ５３蛋白阳性，阳性率为３１．３％（５／１６），经统计学处理，二者差异显著（Ｐ〈０．００１）。结论：ｐ５３蛋白异常表达可能与ＩＰ的发生     

鼻内窥镜手术治疗鼻息肉65例临床观察

目的：观察鼻内窥镜手术治疗鼻息肉之效果。方法：65例（120侧）鼻息肉患者进行界内窥镜手术，术后随访6～15月。结果：参照FESS－95广州标准，痊愈78侧（65％）；好转32侧（26.7％）；无效10侧（8．3％）。结论：1）横行切除中鼻甲前五1／3～1／2，有助于减少中鼻甲与鼻腔外侧壁粘连，改善窦道复合体引流，减少息肉复发；2）术前细致研究鼻窦CT片，熟悉鼻窦解剖及术后加强换药，是防止手术并发症和提高疗效的关键。     

In vitro expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the nasal mucosa of guinea pigs after incubation with lipopolysaccharides or cytokines

In order to demonstrate the involvement of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) – in particular the inducible isoform (iNOS) – in inflammatory processes within the nasal airways, we used organ-bath incubation to study isolated inferior turbinates and mucosa of the maxillary sinus of guinea pigs. The pattern of the expression in various substructures of the nasal mucosa was of special interest. Mucosa was incubated for 6 h with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) produced by E. coli, interleukin II (IL-2) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Saline was used as the control solution. Following incubation the specimens were fixed in buffered 4% formaldehyde solution over a period of 4 h. Tissues were next exposed to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase-reaction and immunostained with specific antibodies to iNOS. Results then showed a clearly increased or initiated expression of iNOS in epithelium, glands, leucocytes and blood vessels of treated tissues in comparison to the control specimens. The inflammatory mediator LPS and the cytokines Il-2 or TNF-α alone were found to be capable of increasing the expression of iNOS, although the effects of LPS clearly exceeded those of the cytokines. This finding implicates iNOS-generated nitric oxide as a key factor for causing nasal swelling, secretion and obstruction during nasal infections and allergic episodes. Received: 18 November 1997 / Accepted: 22 April 1998     

复发性鼻窦炎鼻息肉的修正性鼻内镜手术治疗

目的 总结修正性鼻内镜手术治疗复发性鼻窦炎鼻息肉的手术体会。方法 采用MesserKlinger技术对84例复发性鼻窦炎鼻息肉病人行筛窦、蝶窦开放，额窦、上颌窦窦口扩大等修正性手术治疗。结果 治愈51例，好转17例，无效16例。治愈率为60．7％，有效率为80．9％，无效率为19．1％。结论 修正性鼻内镜手术是治疗复发性鼻窦炎鼻息肉的有效方法。选择具有定向定位作用的解剖参照点是手术安全的基础；选择恰当的术式、实施精细的操作是手术成功的关键。结构变异、出血、鼻息肉病等因素是手术失败的原因。     

Effects of irradiation on nasal mucociliary clearance in head and neck cancer patients

A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on fifty patients of histopathologically confirmed head and neck cancer with the main aim to assess the nasal mucociliary clearance, pre-and post-irradiation; and to compare the findings with the healthy non-irradiated age and sex-matched controls. All the patients underwent saccharin particle test for nasal mucociliary clearance before commencement of radiation therapy and again within 6 months of completion of radiation therapy. The difference between the saccharin perception times of nasal mucosa in the healthy non-irradiated controls and the pre-irradiated head and neck cancer patients were statistically inssignificant (P>0.05). But, the difference between the saccharin perception times of nasal mucosa in the pre-and post-irradiated head and neck cancer patients was found to be statistically significant (P=0). It is concluded that even indirect irradiation of nasal mucosa in head and neck cancer patients significantly affect its ciliary activity. Significance of total radiation dosage along with chemotherapy in some cases was also studied.     

鼻内镜手术治疗鼻窦炎、鼻息肉132例临床分析

目的 回顾分析鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉的疗效及影响因素.方法 总结132例(196侧)慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者的临床资料.结果 全组均随访3～12个月,治愈率72.7%,好转率21.2%,总有效率93.9%.无效6.1%.结论 鼻内镜手术治疗鼻窦炎鼻息肉刨伤小、疗效好,熟练精细的手术操作和正确的术后治疗是提高治愈率的关键.     

低氧刺激鼻息肉黏膜上皮细胞炎性因子变化的初探

目的:研究低氧刺激慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉（CRSwNP）与正常鼻黏膜上皮细胞炎性因子的变化与异同,探讨其在CRSwNP发病机制中的作用。方法:选择2015年6月至2018年1月在吉林大学中日联谊医院就诊的68例CRSwNP患者,其中男性36例,女性32例,年龄（45.2±12.5）岁（ xˉ±s,下同）,患者的...     

鼻部相关手术对治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的有效性

目的：探讨鼻部相关手术对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）治疗的有效性。方法：回顾性分析94例OSAHS合并鼻部相关疾病的患者,均经PSG、鼻内镜、鼻咽纤维镜检查确诊,因种种原因只行鼻部相关手术而未行其他任何治疗。鼻部相关手术包括鼻中隔矫正术,双下鼻甲等离子射频消融术,鼻息肉、慢性鼻窦炎患者行功能性鼻内镜手术。术后2个月、1年复查PSG。结果：94例患者鼻部手术后有效19例,术前AHI11．7±5．2,最低SaO287．6±2．7,平均SaO287．8±5．4,术后2个月AHI5．5±5．0,最低SaO292．5±5．3,平均SaO294．5±3．7,术后1年AHI6．1±4．2,最低SaO291．8±4．2,平均SaO292．8±4．1,有效率20．21％（19／94）,均为轻度Ⅰ型患者,占轻度患者的38．00％（19／50）,经PSG随访1年无复发。其余75例无效。结论：伴有鼻部相关疾病的OSAHS患者,单纯鼻部手术仅对部分以鼻部阻塞为主的Ⅰ型患者有效。