脑立轻胶囊提取工艺的优选

目的：优选脑立轻胶囊提取工艺的最佳条件。方法：用正交设计法以方中君药葛根药材的主要成分葛根素的含量为指标，对其乙醇渗漉工艺及醇沉工艺进行筛选。结果：优选出脑立轻胶囊乙醇渗漉及乙醇沉淀工艺，重复实验结果满意。结论：脑立轻胶囊乙醇渗漉工艺最佳工艺条件为A2B1，C1D3即：取药材润湿6h，用8倍量的70％乙醇，以1ml/min的流速渗漉；醇沉工艺最佳工艺条件为A2B2C2，渗漉液浓缩1：1，调60％乙醇醇沉18h。     

凉山农村彝族人群HIV/AIDS知识及相关行为特征分析

目的　了解农村彝族一般人群的HIV/AIDS知识知晓情况及相关行为特征 ,为开展综合干预提供依据。方法　随机抽取 3个彝族聚居的行政村 ,使用自行设计的问卷进行面对面的访谈调查 ,共调查到 15～ 4 9岁彝族村民 10 0 8人。用SPSS软件进行统计分析。结果　村民普遍缺乏HIV/AIDS防制知识 ;8 4 %的村民曾尝试过吸毒 ;13 5 %的人有多性伴现象 ;外出者中近 4 0 %为盲流 ,为吸毒贩毒创造了条件。结论　该地区农村彝族人群存在多种艾滋病相关危险因素 ,缺乏知识和贫困导致的盲流是该地HIV传播流行的主要原因。应及时开展形式多样的HIV/AIDS相关知识的宣传教育工作 ,同时开展扶贫工作 ,使艾滋病防制工作获得可持续性的发展     

脑溢安对试验性脑出血大鼠血管内皮生长因子表达的影响

目的　研究实验性脑出血大鼠脑内血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)的时空分布及中药脑溢安的影响。方法　通过立体定位向脑内苍白球注入Ⅶ型胶原酶 0 .4U建立脑出血模型 ,运用免疫组化和原位杂交法检测脑出血后 3h、6h、12h、1d、4d、7d ,14d七个时间点VEGF的表达变化 ,以阳性细胞数作为观察指标。结果　脑出血 3hVEGF开始表达 ,6h增强 ,12h及 1d阳性细胞达到高峰 ,4d开始下降 ,到 7d和 14d仍有少量表达。脑溢安组在 6h、12h、1d、4d高于模型组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　脑出血后脑内VEGF表达增加 ;脑溢安可上调脑出血后VEGF的表达 ,可能是其神经保护机制之一。     

Experienced Health,Life Satisfaction,Sense of Coherence,and Coping Resources in Individuals Living with Heart Failure

The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between experienced health, sense of coherence, coping resources, and life satisfaction in individuals living with heart failure. Twenty-two patients--12 men and 10 women--were included in the study. All subjects were admitted to a eight-week programme of aerobic training. Four questionnaires were used: the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MHLF), the Sense of Coherence scale (SOC), the Coping Resources Inventory (CRI), and the Life Satisfaction Checklist of Fugl-Meyer et al. After the exercise programme the mean score of MLHF was significantly lower as compared with the start of the programme. The majority of the individuals reported that they were satisfied with life as a whole, family life, partnership relation contact with friends, and their psychological state of health. Only one-third were satisfied with their sexual life. A high sense of coherence and coping resources characterized the subjects. There was a slight tendency for those who reported satisfaction with life as whole to report a stronger sense of coherence, a higher degree of coping resources, and a lower degree of symptoms of heart failure. A conclusion was that clinicians should emphasize that patients can continue to remain active and enjoy a reasonable quality of life.     

益气复脉注射液治疗急性心衰临床疗效观察

目的探讨益气复脉注射液治疗急性心功能不全的临床疗效。方法将2012年6月至2013年12月在我院急诊科治疗的85例急性心功能不全患者分为2组。对照组41例给予常规西医抗心衰治疗,给予利尿剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、β受体阻滞剂、洋地黄等。治疗组44例在西医治疗的基础上应用益气复脉注射液5.2 g加入5%葡萄糖250 m L,1次/d静滴。观察患者的症状、体征、心功能分级。两组患者治疗前及治疗14 d后测定脑钠肽(BNP)。超声心动图检查测定左房径(LAD),左室舒张末期容积(EDV),左室射血分数(LVEF),二尖瓣口舒张早期最大血流速度(E峰)、舒张晚期最大血流速度(A峰)。结果治疗组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者疲乏、心悸、呼吸困难、心绞痛等症状缓解时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,治疗组BNP浓度低于对照组射血分数及E/A高于对照组,左房内径及左室舒张末期容积低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论益气复脉注射液能明显改善心衰患者的临床症状及心脏功能,无明显不良反应,是治疗急性心功能不全较理想的药物。     

安儿宁颗粒联合喜炎平注射液治疗小儿急性呼吸道感染的疗效观察

目的：观察研究安儿宁颗粒在治疗小儿急性呼吸道感染中的价值。方法：将158例小儿急性呼吸道感染患者随机分为两组，治疗组79例，在使用了喜炎平注射液基础上加用安儿宁颗粒；对照组79例，只使用喜炎平注射液。然后观察两组患儿的发热、咳嗽、流涕、喷嚏、咽痛等几方面的变化。结果：治疗组患儿的发热、咳嗽、流涕、喷嚏、咽病症状明显好于对照组。尤其他们的发热消失的更快。结论：安儿宁颗粒联合喜炎平注射液在治疗小儿急性呼吸道感染的效果非常肯定，尤其在缓解发热上十分有效。所以，安儿宁颗粒在治疗小儿急性呼吸道感染中值得常规使用。     

四川省媒介按蚊地理分布与疟疾流行的关系

本文根据历年来媒介按蚊调查结果和疟疾流行情况，将四川省疟疾流行区划分为：①中华按蚊分布区；②中华接蚊、嗜人按蚊分布区；③嗜人按蚊分布争议区。讨论了媒介披蚊不同地理分布、喀人按蚊在人房中所占不同比例对疟疾流行程度和防治效果的影响。     

六五一丸(651丸)治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床观察

目的 考察六五一丸(651丸)治疗冠心病心绞痛(coronary heart disease,CHD,气阴虚血瘀证)患者的疗效及其对运动耐力和生存质量的影响。方法 选择符合纳入标准的CHD患者58例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组采用CHD基础用药方案(抗血小板制剂、硝酸酯类药、β受体阻滞剂、他汀类调脂药和血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂等)加六五一丸(651丸),对照组仅采用CHD基础用药方案治疗,均以4周为1个疗程,治疗结束后1个月随访。分析比较治疗前后2组患者的心绞痛等临床症状、心电图、心绞痛发作次数及6 min步行试验(6minute walking test,6MWT)距离和西雅图心绞痛量表(SAQ)评分等指标的变化;治疗后1月随访2组间6MWT和生存质量评分的变化。结果 治疗组心绞痛总有效率明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组与对照组心电图总有效率差异无统计学意义。治疗组硝酸甘油停减率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。6MWT总距离2组较治疗前均显著增加(P<0.01),但治疗组较对照组增加更明显(P<0.05),1个月后随访这种差异更显著(P<0.01)。治疗组在“主要症状”、“伴随情况”、“认识程度”方面评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而其余4个生存质量(SAQ)评分维度2组间差异无统计学意义,但1个月后随访,治疗组各维度改善均较对照组明显(P<0.05)。结论 六五一丸(651丸)可显著改善CHD患者心绞痛症状、减少硝酸甘油用量,较常规治疗方案可明显提高CHD患者运动耐力和生存质量,是冠心病心绞痛(气阴虚血瘀证)治疗安全、有效的中药制剂之一。     

脑缺血再灌注后fos蛋白免疫组化与脑脉宝保护作用

目的脑脉宝是一种具有抗脑缺血再灌注损伤作用的中药复方制剂，本实验观察大鼠脑缺血再灌注后ｃ－ｆｏｓ蛋白表达产物变化，并探讨脑脉宝的保护作用是否与抑制ｆｏｓ蛋白表达有关。方法采用四血管阻断法制成脑缺血３０ｍｉｎ，再灌注３０ｍｉｎ模型，应用免疫组化法观察神经元中ｃ－ｆｏｓ蛋白的表达。结果脑缺血再灌注组鼠脑皮层和海马中ｆｏｓ样免疫活性显著升高，预先给予脑脉宝可抑制其表达。结论核相关性ｆｏｓ蛋白表达是脑缺血再灌注损伤后一种敏感的细胞反应标志物，并提供了一种评价药物疗效的方法。脑脉宝可抑制ｆｏｓ蛋白表达，这可能是其治疗缺血性脑血管病有效，及对缺血再灌注损伤发挥保护作用的分子机理之一。     

Vectorial capacity and genetic diversity of Anopheles annularis (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes in Odisha,India from 2009 to 2011

Anopheles annularis is one of the major vectors of malaria in Odisha, India. The present study was undertaken to determine the vectorial capacity and assess the genetic diversity of An. annularis collected from different endemic regions of Odisha. Mosquitoes were collected from thirteen endemic districts using standard entomological collection methods from 2009 to 2011. Sibling species of An. annularis were identified by PCR-RFLP and sequencing of D3 region of 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) region. Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoite rate and human blood fed percentage (HBF) were estimated by multiplex PCR using Pf and human specific primers. Genetic diversity of An. annularis was estimated by ISSR markers. Out of 1647 An. annularis collected, 1353 (82.15%) were collected by mechanical aspirators and 294 (17.85%) by light trap. 49 (2.97%) were positive for human blood and 18 (1.09%) were positive for Pf sporozoite. PCR-RFLP and sequencing analyses detected only An annularis A in the study areas. Overall genetic differentiation among An. annularis populations was moderate (F_ST = 0.048) and showed significant correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance (r = 0.882; P < 0.05). Angul population proved to be genetically unique and was highly divergent F_ST > 0.110) from other populations, suggesting low gene flow between them. The study indicated that only An. annularis A was found in Odisha with potential vectorial capacity that can play a major role in malaria transmission. ISSR markers proved to be useful molecular tools to evaluate genetic variability in An. annularis populations.