近红外光谱法测定盐酸吡格列酮片的含量

目的：利用近红外光谱建立快速测定盐酸吡格列酮片含量的方法。方法：用HPLC法测定100批盐酸吡格列酮片样品含量并采集各样品的近红外光谱数据,从中随机抽取80批样品组成校正集,另20批样品组成测试集,采用偏最小二乘法（PLS）建立定量模型,并预测测试集样品的盐酸吡格列酮含量。结果：所建立定量模型的交叉验证测定系数r^2为0．9903,交叉验证均方差（RMSPCV）为0．394;测试集样品的测定系数r^2为0．9875,预测均方差（RMSEP）为0．259,平均预测偏差0．18％。结论：本法操作简便、快速、环保,可用于盐酸吡格列酮片的快速定量分析。     

三七及其伪品的近红外光谱鉴别法

目的:快速鉴别三七正品与伪品。方法:收集不同来源的三七及其常见伪品19批,利用近红外光谱仪采集其近红外光谱,用矢量归一加二阶导数法进行光谱预处理,采用因子化法建立鉴别模型。结果:另以10批市售样品进行验证,所建模型能准确无误地鉴别三七及其伪品。结论:近红外光谱法可快速、准确地进行三七的质量鉴别,可在药品快检车中推广应用。     

近红外光谱法建立防己药材的定性模型

目的建立防己药材的近红外模型,准确快速地筛查出伪品防己。方法采用近红外漫反射光谱法,通过一阶导数加矢量归一化,采用OPUS软件中的标准算法建立模型。结果模型能准确的区分正品和伪品防己。结论该模型可以用于快检车筛查。     

应用近红外反射光谱技术测定油菜芽期耐旱性的研究

针对油菜芽期耐旱鉴定,提出了用近红外反射光谱技术（NIR法）预测油菜吸胀24 h电导率、PEG模拟干旱条件下的相对发芽率、相对鲜重和鲜重耐旱指数等4个芽期耐旱相关性状的方法。以采集的49份不同耐旱水平甘蓝型油菜近红外光谱数据为基础,采用偏最小二乘法和多元回归算法建立了最优定标模型,并获得较高的决定系数(0.71～0.86)和较低的标准误差(1～15.65)。验证集评估结果表明,NIR法与室内鉴定法测定油菜4个芽期耐旱相关性状无显著差异,且具有极显著的相关关系(决定系数0.72～0.89)。研究表明,近红外光谱技术用于油菜芽期耐旱性鉴定是可行的,可用于耐旱育种早代选择。     

Frontal activation and connectivity using near-infrared spectroscopy: verbal fluency language study

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an optical technique with high temporal resolution and reasonably good spatial resolution, which allows non invasive measurement of the blood oxygenation of tissue. The current work is focused in assessing and correlating brain activation, connectivity and cortical lateralization of the frontal cortex in response to language-based stimuli, using NIRS. Experimental studies were performed on 15 normal right-handed adults, wherein the participants were presented with a verbal fluency task. The hemodynamic responses in the pre- and anterior frontal cortex were assessed in response to a Word generation task in comparison to the baseline random Jaw movement and Rest conditions. The functional connectivity analysis was performed using zero-order correlations and the cortical lateralization was evaluated as well. An increase in oxy- and a decrease in deoxy-hemoglobin were observed during verbal fluency task in the frontal cortex. Unlike in the pre-frontal cortex, the hemodynamic response in the anterior frontal during verbal fluency task was not significantly different from that during random Jaw movement. Bilateral activation and symmetrical connectivity were observed in the pre-frontal cortex, independent of the stimuli presented. A left cortical dominance and asymmetry connectivity was observed in the anterior frontal during the verbal fluency task. The work is focused to target the pediatric epileptic populations in the future, where understanding the brain functionality (activation, connectivity, and dominance) in response to language is essential as a part of the pre-surgical evaluation in a clinical environment.     

正交空间样本选择在金银花多批醇沉过程中的应用

本研究探讨模型传递方法在金银花醇沉过程中的适用性.在金银花醇沉过程中,以高效液相色谱法(HPLC)为对照分析方法,测定提取液中绿原酸的含量,分别运用iPLS算法、SPLS算法和模型更新(MU)建立绿原酸的NIR定量校正模型,检测另外两个批次金银花醇沉过程中绿原酸的含量变化.为使选择的样本更具代表性,本研究在OSC的基础上提出了一种新的样本选择方法--正交空间样本选择(OS),并与常用的K-S法进行了对比.结果表明,采用模型更新可以实现定量校正模型在不同的批次之间稳健传递.且用OS法选择更新样本能够明显提高模型预测的准确性和稳健性.     

The effect of red-to-near-infrared (R/NIR) irradiation on inflammatory processes

Abstract

Introduction: Near-infrared (NIR) and red-to-near-infrared (R/NIR) radiation are increasingly applied for therapeutic use. R/NIR-employing therapies aim to stimulate healing, prevent tissue necrosis, increase mitochondrial function, and improve blood flow and tissue oxygenation. The wide range of applications of this radiation raises questions concerning the effects of R/NIR on the immune system.

Methods: In this review, we discuss the potential effects of exposure to R/NIR light on immune cells in the context of physical parameters of light.

Discussion: The effects that R/NIR may induce in immune cells typically involve the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrogen oxide (NO), or interleukins. Production of ROS after exposure to R/NIR can either be inhibited or to some extent increased, which suggests that detailed conditions of experiments, such as the spectrum of radiation, irradiance, exposure time, determine the outcome of the treatment. However, a wide range of immune cell studies have demonstrated that exposure to R/NIR most often has an anti-inflammatory effect. Finally, photobiomodulation molecular mechanism with particular attention to the role of interfacial water structure changes for cell physiology and regulation of the inflammatory process was described.

Conclusions: Optimization of light parameters allows R/NIR to act as an anti-inflammatory agent in a wide range of medical applications.     

Noncontact Infrared-Mediated Heat Transfer During Continuous Freeze-Drying of Unit Doses

Recently, an innovative continuous freeze-drying concept for unit doses was proposed, based on spinning the vials during freezing. An efficient heat transfer during drying is essential to continuously process these spin frozen vials. Therefore, the applicability of noncontact infrared (IR) radiation was examined. The impact of several process and formulation variables on the mass of sublimed ice after 15 min of primary drying (i.e., sublimation rate) and the total drying time was examined. Two experimental designs were performed in which electrical power to the IR heaters, distance between the IR heaters and the spin frozen vial, chamber pressure, product layer thickness, and 5 model formulations were included as factors. A near-infrared spectroscopy method was developed to determine the end point of primary and secondary drying. The sublimation rate was mainly influenced by the electrical power to the IR heaters and the distance between the IR heaters and the vial. The layer thickness had the largest effect on total drying time. The chamber pressure and the 5 model formulations had no significant impact on sublimation rate and total drying time, respectively. This study shows that IR radiation is suitable to provide the energy during the continuous processing of spin frozen vials.