地氟醚预处理对缺血再灌注心肌的保护作用

目的 从细胞生化、心脏收缩性能和心肌细胞超微结构等方面来探讨地氟醚对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法 采用改良Ｌａｎｇｅｎｄｏｒｆｆ离休大鼠心脏模型,将３０只大鼠随机分成３组：对照组（Ｃ）、缺血再灌注组（Ｉ－Ｒ组）和地氟醚组（Ｄ组）,每组各１０只,常温全心停灌３０分钟,再灌注３０分钟。结果 停灌前给１ＭＡＣ的地氟醚可以明显降低心肌丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量,促进心脏收缩功能的恢复和减轻心肌组织超微结构的损     

腹主动脉阻断导致内脏缺血再灌注损伤的研究

目的观察腹主动脉阻断所引起的肝、肾、小肠等内脏缺血再灌注损伤的改变。方法建立小猪腹主动脉阻断１小时的模型,检测在不同再灌注时点组织及血液中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的变化,同时检测肝肾功能和动脉血气分析,观察动物术后的生存情况。结果与缺血前比较,大多数再灌注时点血、组织中ＭＤＡ明显升高,而ＳＯＤ明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。在再灌注２小时,血中谷丙转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）、尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）、肌酐（ＣＲＥ）较缺血前明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,代谢性酸中毒也极为明显。多数动物术后能够存活,但均出现下肢截瘫。结论腹主动脉阻断１小时能引起明显的内脏缺血再灌注损伤改变,多数内脏经处理后其损伤能够得到代偿恢复,而脊髓损伤恢复困难。     

Role of reactive oxygen in phospholipase A2 activation by ischemia/reperfusion of the rat kidney

Purpose. To investigate the role of phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) in reperfusion injury of the kidney in an in vivo animal model, renal mitochondrial PLA₂ activity was measured under three different conditions. Methods. Male Wistar rats (n = 72) anesthetized with pentobarbital underwent renal ischemia surgically for 45 min and were reperfused for the indicated time (renal ischemia/reperfusion). Treatments included reperfusion for various predetermined periods (phase 1), exposure to hyperbaric oxygen (phase 2), and administration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger (phase 3). Thereafter, each kidney was harvested, and mitochondrial PLA₂ activity was measured by a radioisotope technique. Results. Ischemia/reperfusion resulted in time-related PLA₂ activation in the renal mitochondria up to 48 h of reperfusion after renal ischemia. Renal mitochondrial PLA₂ activity was further augmented by hyperbaric oxygen exposure prior to reperfusion, whereas administration of the ROS scavengers suppressed mitochondrial PLA₂ activity. Conclusion. These data suggest that ROS may play an important role in the in vivo activation of PLA₂ associated with renal ischemia/reperfusion. Received for publication on July 6, 1998; accepted on November 30, 1998     

Dilated coronary arterial obstruction due to coronary artery microfistulae

An 80-year-old asymptomatic man presented with ST-segment elevation in leads V1 to V5. Coronary CT angiography showed that microfistulae arising from multiple arteries may have led to myocardial infarction from intracoronary thromboembolism within the dilated left anterior descending (LAD).     

改良硝甘法介入99MTc-MIBI心肌显像判断存活心肌

目的评价改良硝酸甘油酯（简称改良硝甘法）介入９９ｍＴｃ甲氧基异丁基异腈心肌显像检测心肌梗塞后存活心肌的价值。方法分别对６５例改良组和３２例普通组的心肌梗塞患者进行了静息改良硝甘法介入和静息普通硝甘法介入心肌显像；两组中各有２８例和１２例行血管再通术，并于术后２～３个月重复静息心肌显像。结果改良组静息心肌显像检出灌注异常节段１９４个，改良硝甘法介入后有１２３个节段再填充，再填充率为６３４％；普通组静息显像检出灌注异常节段１０３个，普通硝甘法介入后有４８个节段再填充，再填充率为４６６％；两组差异有显著性（χ２＝７６６，Ｐ＜００１）。血管再通术患者术后复查静息心肌显像，与术前硝甘法介入显像比较，灌注改善的预测准确率为８９７％和７２２％。结论改良硝甘法介入可明显提高对存活心肌检测的灵敏度和特异性，且副作用小     

含服硝酸甘油后99mTc-MIBI心肌显像与201Tl再注射显像检测存活心肌的比较

目的观察硝酸甘油介入后心肌显像（ＭＢＮ）在预测经皮冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）后心室壁活动改善中的准确性，并与２０１Ｔｌ再注射显像（ＴｌＲＲ）结果进行比较。方法３１例心肌梗塞患者在２周内分别进行２０１Ｔｌ静息及再注射显像、９９ｍＴｃ甲氧基异丁基异腈（ＭＩＢＩ）潘生丁介入及硝酸甘油介入心肌显像，将左心室心肌分成９个节段，应用周边剖面法定量分析左心室各节段放射性分布，并以左心室峰节段计数的百分率表达。结果在３１例患者共计１６２个异常节段中，ＭＢＮ及ＴｌＲＲ见有明确放射性摄取改善者分别为６１％及６４％（Ｐ＞００５）；以静息２０１Ｔｌ显像心肌各节段放射性分布值的高低分为４组，各组内ＭＢＮ及ＴｌＲＲ摄取值差异无显著性；在１３例完成显像后进行ＰＴＣＡ治疗的患者中，ＭＢＮ及ＴｌＲＲ对手术后心室壁活动改善的阳性预测率分别为８２％及７８％，阴性预测率分别为８８％及９０％，χ２检验两者差异无显著性。结论含服硝酸甘油介入９９ｍＴｃＭＩＢＩ心肌显像检测心肌梗塞区存活心肌具有与２０１Ｔｌ再注射显像相似的准确性，且方法简便实用，易于临床推广。     

Quantitative exercise technetium-99m tetrofosmin myocardial tomography for the identification and localization of coronary artery disease

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of quantitative 1-day exercise-rest technetium-99m tetrofosmin tomography in the identification of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and in the detection of individual stenosed coronary vessels. Sixty-one patients with suspected CAD who underwent coronary angiography and 13 normal volunteers were studied. All patients were submitted to two i.v. injections of^99mTc-tetrofosmin, one at peak exercise (370 MBq) and the other (1110 MBq) at rest 3 h after exercise (images 15–30 min after injection for both studies). All patients with CAD (0% luminal stenosis) (n=50) had an abnormal^99mTc-tetrofosmin tomogram. Only one patient without significant coronary narrowing showed abnormal findings. Overall sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy in the detection of individual stenosed vessels were 77%, 93% and 85%, respectively. Sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy in the identification of individuals stenosed coronary vessels were significantly higher (P<0.05) in patients with single-vessel disease (n=21) than in those with multivessel disease (n=29). Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for detecting individual diseased vessels were similar in patients without previous myocardial infarction (n=26) and in those with previous myocardial infarction (n=35). In myocardial territories related to non-infarcted areas (n=128), sensitivity and specificity in the detection of stenosed vessels were 70% and 95%, respectively. In infarcted areas (n=55), sensitivity and specificity in the detection of stenosed vessels were 85% (P=NS vs non-infarcted areas) and 75% (P<0.05 vs non-infarcted areas), respectively. Finally, sensitivity was significantly lower (P<0.05) in vascular territories supplied by vessels with moderate stenosis (50%–75%) than in those supplied by vessels with severe stenosis (>75%). The results of this study demonstrate that quantitative 1-day exercise-rest^99mTc-tetrofosmin single-photon emission tomographic imaging is a suitable and accurate technique to identify patients with CAD and to detect individual stenosed coronary vessels.     

下肢动脉腔内成形治疗下肢动脉旁路移植后血管闭塞导致的严重缺血

目的探讨下肢动脉腔内成形治疗下肢动脉旁路移植后血管闭塞严重缺血的疗效。方法回顾分析2004年1月～2012年9月6例因下肢动脉旁路移植后血管闭塞出现严重缺血而接受下肢动脉腔内成形的临床资料。结果 6例技术均获成功,无并发症或严重心血管不良事件发生。随访时间1～79个月,平均23.5月。术后溃疡愈合,踝肱比值（ABI）0.90～1.07,患肢保存。结论初步观察,下肢动脉腔内成形治疗下肢动脉旁路移植后血管闭塞严重缺血,疗效满意。     

犬急性心肌梗死早期冠状动脉旁路移植术对左室壁运动的影响

目的 探讨犬急性心肌梗死早期冠状动脉旁路移植术对室壁运动的影响及其在唤醒冬眠心肌中的意义.方法 结扎犬冠状动脉前降支制备心肌梗死模型(30只).按手术日期随机分组,分别在心肌梗死后1、2、4、6周行冠状动脉旁路移植术作为实验组,其中第2周4只,其余每组6只;对每个实验组分别设立心肌梗死对照组(不进行冠状动脉旁路移植术),每组2只.实验组在冠状动脉旁路移植术前及冠状动脉旁路移植术8周后开胸利用多巴酚丁胺超声负荷试验结合组织多普勒成像技术标记冬眠心肌,并测定室壁运动记分;对照组在相同时间点同样的方法标记冬眠心肌并测定室壁运动记分.每只犬处死后分别测定心肌梗死面积.结果 每个实验组各存活4只,对照组均存活.1、2周实验组较4、6周实验组及对照组梗死区心肌室壁运动记分的变化明显减小(0.03±0.06,0.05 ±0.09,0.23 ±0.08,0.27±0.06,0.32 ±0.05,P＜0.05),所有实验组较对照组心肌室壁运动记分的变化明显减小(1.195±0.09,1.25±0.18,1.30±0.18,1.36 ±0.11,1.65 ±0.17,P＜0.05),所有实验组较对照组唤醒更多的冬眠心肌(0.27 ±0.12,0.22±0.04,0.31±0.09,0.23±0.03,0.03 ±0.04,P＜0.05).1、2周实验组较4、6周实验组及对照组心肌梗死范围明显减小[(20.75±2.63)％,(21.25±2.5)％,(27.25±1.71)％,(27.75±2.22)％,(26.50±0.71)％,(29.00±1.41)％,(27.00±1.41)％,(28.50±0.71)％,P＜0.05)].结论 犬急性心肌梗死早期冠状动脉旁路移植可以明显改善心肌室壁运动,唤醒更多的冬眠心肌,尤其2周内行冠状动脉旁路移植术可以最大限度地减少梗死心肌对室壁运动的影响,并可以减少心肌梗死范围.     

七氟醚对兔肝缺血/再灌注损伤后肝组织丙二醛、血浆丙氨酸转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性及c-Fos蛋白的表达的影响

目的 探讨七氟醚麻醉对兔肝缺血/再灌注损伤(ischemia/reperfusion injury,Ⅰ/RI)的影响. 方法 健康成年新西兰大白兔21只,按照随机数字表法分为3组(每组7例):假手术组(S组)、肝Ⅰ/R组(Ⅰ/R组)、七氟醚麻醉组(Sev-Ⅰ/R组).结扎肝动脉建立兔肝脏Ⅰ/RI模型,分别于缺血前(Tl)、缺血45 min(T2)和再灌注60 min(T3)测定血浆丙氨酸转氨酶(aspartate a minotransferase,AST)及谷草转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)水平,于T3测定肝组织丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量;免疫组化染色检测c-Fos蛋白的表达情况. 结果 与S组比较,Ⅰ/R组血浆ALT和AST活性[T2:(48±6) U/L和(48±7) U/L,T3:(66±6) U/L和(70±6)U/L]及Sev-Ⅰ/R组血浆ALT和AST活性[T2:(43±7) U/L和(41±3) U/L,T3:(48±6) U/L和(50±6) U/L]、肝组织MDA含量和c-Fos蛋白表达水平均明显升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);Sev-Ⅰ/R组所有这些实验指标均明显低于Ⅰ/R组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01). 结论 七氟醚对Ⅰ/RI兔肝组织有保护作用,可与其降低活性氧产物有关.