Flow cytometry offers great diagnostic opportunities in the vast majority of hematologic and oncologic diseases with multiple cellular and molecular information within an individual cell. We will discuss various applications of flow cytometry, particularly in hematology and oncology, in addition to general principles and limitations of flow cytometry. They include nucleic acid analyses in cancer cells, new methods for assessing rare circulating tumor cells and disease-specific applications in malignancy with emphasis on diagnosis and treatment of hematologic malignancy, including minimal residual disease. With improvement of monoclonal antibodies, fluorescence and laser technology, flow cytometry now offers new avenues of assessing cellular functionality through examination of intracellular compartments. High-throughput quantitative analysis, advancements of in vivo flow cytometry and assessment of minimal residual diseases, as exampled in patient stratification and prediction of leukemia therapeutic response, will further make flow cytometry indispensable in medicine. 相似文献
The raised lung volume technique is increasingly used to measure forced expiratory maneuvers in infants. However, there is no consensus regarding the optimal airway inflation pressure (P(inf)) required for such maneuvers, or the influence of small changes in P(inf) within and between infants. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of small differences (0.2-0.3 kPa) in P(inf) on forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expired volume in 0.5 sec (FEV(0.5)), and forced expired flow at 75% of vital capacity (FEF(75)), all derived from the raised volume rapid thoraco-abdominal compression (RVRTC) technique. Randomized paired forced expiratory maneuvers were obtained in 32 healthy infants ( 3.9-39.3 weeks old, 3.8-9.9 kg) with the safety pressure relief valve for P(inf) set to 2.7 kPa or 3.0 kPa (27 or 30 cm H(2)0). When mean (SD) P(inf) was increased by 8.4 (2.8)%, there was a significant (P < 0.01) increase in mean (SD) FVC, FEV(0.5), and FEF(75) by 5.8 (5.7)%, 6.1 (6)%, and 8.3 (16.2)%, respectively. In conclusion, relatively small differences in P(inf) will result in significant differences in FVC, FEV(0.5), and FEF(75) by RVRTC technique. Precision in setting and reporting the applied P(inf) is therefore essential, particularly if data are to be compared between centers. 相似文献
We investigated 42 plasmas prepared at different centrifugation speeds with three activated protein C (APC) resistance methods. The APC ratio for fresh platelet-poor plasma declined significantly after freezing and thawing. This effect was more evident with the original method (average reduction 11.3%) than with either the home-made (3.8%) or the modified method (3.2%). No significant decrease in the APC ratio was observed after freezing and thawing of platelet-free plasmas from the same patients. When frozen platelet-poor plasma was centrifuged at high speed after thawing and before testing, there was no significant decrease in the APC ratio, in comparison with fresh platelet-poor plasma using the home-made and modified methods. 相似文献
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is blood plasma with a high concentration of autologous platelets which constitute an immense reservoir of growth factors. The clinical use of PRP is widespread in various medical applications.
Although highly popular with athletes, the use of PRP for the treatment of tendinopathies remains scientifically controversial, particularly due to the diversity of products that go by the name of “PRP.” To optimize its use, it is important to look at the various stages of obtaining PRP.
In this literature review, we take a closer look at eight parameters which may influence the quality of PRP: 1) anticoagulants used to preserve the best platelet function, 2) the speed of centrifugation used to extract the platelets, 3) the platelet concentrations obtained, 4) the impact of the concentration of red and while blood cells on PRP actions, 5) platelet activators encouraging platelet degranulation and, hence, the release of growth factors, and 6) the use or nonuse of local anesthetics when carrying out infiltration. In addition to these parameters, it may be interesting to analyze other variables such as 7) the use of ultrasound guidance during the injection with a view to determining the influence they have on potential recovery. 相似文献
Summary. This document is an introduction to microplate serology prepared at a time of very active research and development. Antibody detection techniques are expected to improve during the lifetime of this document. Approximately 25% of hospital blood banks are ABO and D grouping by microplate techniques. Antibody screening by microplate techniques is only being carried out by a small percentage of hospital blood banks but there is likely to be a change to antiglobulin tests by microplate procedures as soon as the methods have been thoroughly tested and approved. There are one or two weak links in these procedures which could give rise to serious errors:— (1) Antiglobulin reagents standardized for spin-tube tests may be subject to prozones in liquid phase microplate tests. Each new batch of antiglobulin reagent must be standardized by the microplate procedure in use to show that the reagent is at its optimum anti-IgG dilution for use. However dilutions greater than 1:2 may seriously compromise the anti-complement activity of the reagent. (2) Automated cell washers for microplates are currently under development and should be evaluated by replicate tests with weak anti-D sensitized cells. (3) The combination of diluted anti-IgG and poor washing procedures may lead to neutralization of anti-IgG and cause false negative errors. Future development for improved antiglobulin tests in microplates by a solid phase system is now well advanced and workers proposing to change to antibody screening by microplates are advised to bear this in mind. It is hoped that microplate methodology will move towards standardization based on national guidelines using standard antibody reagents for the validation of new microplate procedures. 相似文献
CONSISE – The consortium for the Standardization of Influenza Seroepidemiology – is a global partnership to develop influenza investigation protocols and standardize seroepidemiology to inform health policy. This international partnership was formed in 2011 and was created out of a need, identified during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, for timely seroepidemiological data to better estimate pandemic virus infection severity and attack rates to inform policy decisions. CONSISE has developed into a consortium of two interactive working groups: epidemiology and laboratory, with a steering committee composed of individuals from several organizations. CONSISE has had two international meetings with more planned for 2013. We seek additional members from public health agencies, academic institutions and other interested parties. 相似文献