Portomesenteric venous thrombosis: a community hospital experience with 103 consecutive patients

Background

Portomesenteric venous thrombosis (PMVT) is uncommon but associated with ischemic bowel and mortality.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence of PMVT in a community setting and evaluate current diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.

Methods

Medical records of consecutive patients admitted to a community-based hospital diagnosed with PMVT were reviewed. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those diagnosed from 1997 to 2003 and those diagnosed from 2004 to 2009.

Results

One hundred three patients were included. The proportion of chronic PMVT diagnoses increased in the recent group (14% in contrast to 44%, P = .001). Treatment was more common in acute in contrast to chronic PMVTs (70% in contrast to 48%, P = .035). The median length of stay decreased over time (6 in contrast to 3 days, P = .004). Three patients underwent surgical intervention. Overall, 30-day mortality was 17% and did not change over time.

Conclusions

Diagnosis and treatment have changed with increased differentiation between acute and chronic PMVT; outcomes were similar. Surgical intervention was rarely necessary. Mortality is attributed to patient comorbidity rather than PMVT.     

股骨颈骨折患者早期手术对比后期手术安全性的Meta分析

目的：关于股骨颈骨折早期手术是否可以降低患者病死率的研究结果并不完全一致,本研究探讨股骨颈骨折患者早期对比后期行手术治疗对患者病死率的影响。方法：通过计算机检索Medline、EMBASE、CENTRAL（theCochranecentralregisterofcontrolledtrials）、中国生物医学文献数据库系统（CBM）、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、中文科技期刊全文数据库（VIP）等,收集股骨颈骨折患者早期手术对比后期手术治疗效果的研究文献。应用统计软件Stata11.0进行数据分析,计算其合并相对危险度（relativerisk,RR）和95%置信区间（confidenceinterval,CI）。采用Egger法对发表偏倚进行量化检测。结果：纳入分析的文章有6篇,均为观察性的队列研究,共纳入8430例患者。合并分析结果表明：早期行手术治疗患者的死亡风险是后期行手术治疗的64%（RR=0.64,95%CI：0.55～0.73,P=0.000）;按死亡时间为30d以内的早期术后死亡和6个月及以上的后期死亡分为2个亚组。早期病死率,早期手术与后期手术无差别（RR=0.93,95%CI：0.69～1.18,P=0.076）;后期病死率,早期行手术治疗患者的病死率是后期手术治疗的59%（RR=0.59,95%CI：0.49～0.69,P=0.000）。结论：股骨颈骨折患者早期行手术治疗可以显著降低患者的病死率。     

Total arch repair versus hemiarch repair in the management of acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection

Objective: In acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection, it is still controversial whether to perform extended aortic replacement to improve long-term outcome or to use a conservative strategy with ascending aortic and hemiarch replacement to palliate a life-threatening condition. Methods: Between 1999 and 2009, 188 consecutive patients (93 women; mean age, 57.4 ± 11.7 years) with acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection underwent hemiarch (Hemiarch group; n = 144) or total arch replacement (Total arch group; n = 44) in conjunction with ascending aorta replacement. Clinical outcomes were compared after adjustment for baseline characteristics using inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting. Results: Median follow-up was 47.5 months (range 0–130.4 months) and was 92.0% (n = 173) complete. Five-year unadjusted survival and permanent-neurologic-injury-free survival rates were 65.8 ± 8.3% and 43.1 ± 9.7% in the Total arch group, and 83.2 ± 3.3% and 75.2 ± 4.0% in the Hemiarch group, respectively (P = 0.013 and <0.001). After adjustment, the Total arch group patients were at greater risks of death (hazard ratio (HR) 2.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–4.67; P = 0.012), and permanent neurologic injury (HR 3.25, 95% CI 1.31–8.04; P = 0.011) compared to the Hemiarch group patients. The risks of the re-operation for aortic pathology or distal aortic dilatation (>55 mm) were similar for both groups (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.08–1.43; P = 0.14). Conclusions: Total arch repair was associated with greater morbidity and mortality compared with hemiarch repair in acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection. Rates of aortic re-operation or aortic dilatation were not significantly different between the two surgical strategies. These findings support a conservative surgical approach to circumvent this life-threatening situation.     

肝移植术后血行感染中产超广谱β内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌流行病学、细菌学及临床回顾性分析

目的探讨肝移植术后血行感染中产超广谱B内酰胺酶（ESBL）的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌的流行病学、细菌学及临床结果。方法选择1998年1月至2009年12月12年间本院肝移植患者资料。对其移植术后血行感染中产ESBL大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌的情况进行回顾性分析。结果768例肝移植患者中,19（2．5％）例出现产ESBL革兰阴性杆菌血行感染,共分离到革兰阴性杆菌菌株共23株,其中大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌最为常见。产气大肠杆菌、阴沟大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌较少。产ESBL的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌对碳青霉烯类敏感率高达100％,但产ESBL大肠埃希菌对左旋氧氟沙星、头孢曲松、妥布霉素等多种抗生素出现耐药。产ESBL肺炎克雷伯菌则对头孢曲松出现完全耐药。肝移植术后产ESBL大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌血行感染患者与非产ESBL大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌血行感染患者之间的15d、30d、1年死亡率差异无统计学意义。结论肝移植术后血行感染中产ESBL大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌对多种抗生素耐药,对碳青霉烯类敏感：产ESBL大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌血行感染并未明显增加患者死亡率。     

Factors associated with early mortality after cervical spinal cord injury

Background

A relatively high early mortality rate (<30 days post-injury) for cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) has been observed.

Objective

To investigate this early mortality rate observed after cervical SCI and analyze the associated influential factors.

Methods

Medical records for 1163 patients with cervical SCI were reviewed, and the number of patients with early mortality was documented. Through logistic regression analysis, the effects of age, gender, occupation, cause of injury, severity of injury, highest involved spinal cord segment, nutritional condition during hospitalization, surgical treatment, tracheotomy, etc., on early mortality were assessed. Implementation of early treatment (i.e. surgery, tracheotomy, and nutritional support) and its effect on patient prognosis were also analyzed.

Results

Early mortality occurred in 109 of 1163 patients (9.4%). Four factors affected the early mortality rate, including level and severity of SCI, whether or not surgery was performed, the time interval between SCI and surgery, malnutrition, and tracheotomy. Patients with an American Spinal Injury Association grade of A, a high cervical SCI (C1–C3), and/or no surgical intervention were statistically more likely to have early mortality (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Severe cervical SCI, upper-level cervical cord injury, malnutrition, and inappropriate tracheotomy are risk factors for early mortality in patients with cervical SCI. Surgery can reduce early mortality. Early tracheotomy should be performed in patients with complete upper-level cervical SCI, but patients with incomplete cervical SCI or complete low-level cervical SCI should initially be treated surgically to maintain smooth airway flow.     

Prevalence and risk factors of mortality and morbidity after operation for adhesive postoperative small bowel obstruction

BACKGROUND: Many factors are believed to influence the mortality and morbidity after operations for adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO). METHODS: In a multicenter prospective cohort of 286 patients operated on for adhesive postoperative SBO, we studied the in-hospital and 30-day postdischarge mortality (early mortality) and morbidity as well as long-term mortality using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: In the present cohort, with a median follow-up of 41 months and 9% patients lost to follow-up at the end of the study, the prevalence of early postoperative mortality was 3%. All deceased patients were over 75 years old with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class >/=III. The prevalence of long-term mortality was 7% with the following independent risk factors: age >75 years old (hazards ratio [HR] 6.6 [95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4-18.1]), medical complications (HR 7.4 [CI, 2.2-24.3]), and a mixed mechanism of obstruction (HR 4.5 [CI, 1.5-13.7]). Prevalence of medical and surgical morbidity was 8% and 6%, respectively. Independent risk factors for medical complications were ASA class >/=III (odds ratio [OR] 16.8 [CI, 2.1-133.1]) and bands (OR 14.1 [CI, 1.8-111.5]) and for the surgical complications the number of obstructive structures >/=10 (OR 8.3 [CI, 1.6-19.7]), a nonresected intestinal wall injury (OR 5.3 [CI, 1.5-18.3]), and intestinal necrosis (OR 5.6 [CI, 1.6-19.7]). Otherwise, 3 patients with "apparent" reversible ischemia developed a postoperative intestinal necrosis followed by 2 reoperations and 1 death. CONCLUSION: The early postoperative mortality is strongly linked with the age and the ASA class and the long-term mortality with postoperative complications. More frequent bowel resections might be suggested for patients featuring a number of obstructive structures >/=10 and an intestinal wall injury, especially when associated with a reversible intestinal ischemia.     

Advantages of multidisciplinary management of bile duct injuries occurring during cholecystectomy

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to highlight the advantages of treatment of bile duct injury (BDI) occurring during cholecystectomy on the basis of a multidisciplinary cooperation of expert surgeons, radiologists, and endoscopists. METHODS: Sixty-six patients had major BDIs or short- or long-term failures of repair. BDI was diagnosed intraoperatively in 27 patients (40.9%) and postoperatively in 39 (59.1%) patients. Among referred patients, 30 had complications from bile leak, 15 from obstructive jaundice, and 20 from recurrent cholangitis. Two patients died from sepsis after delayed referral before repair was attempted. Eleven additional patients had minor BDIs with bile leak both with and without choleperitoneum. RESULTS: Of patients with major BDI, surgical repair was performed in 41 (64.1%). Postsurgical morbidity rate was 15.8%, and there was no mortality. The rate of excellent or good results after surgical repair was 78.0% (32 of 41 patients), and this increased to 87.8% (36 of 41 patients) by continuing treatment with stenting in postsurgical strictures. Biliary stenting alone was performed in 23 patients (35.9%), with excellent or good results in 17 (73.9%). More than 200 endoscopic and percutaneous procedures were performed for initial assessment, treatment of sepsis, nonsurgical repair, contribution to repair, and follow-up. Patients with minor BDIs underwent various combinations of surgical and endoscopic or percutaneous treatments, always with good results. CONCLUSIONS: A multidisciplinary approach was of paramount importance in many phases of treatment of BDI: initial assessment, treatment of secondary complications, resolution of sepsis, percutaneous stenting before surgical repair, dilatation of strictures after repair, final treatment in patients not repaired surgically, and follow-up.     

急性重症胰腺炎早期手术治疗的重要性探讨

目的 探讨急性重症胰腺炎（SAP）早期手术治疗的重要性。方法 对37例SAPⅡ级病例早期手术治疗（19例）和非手术治疗病人（18例）的病死率进行回顾性对照分析。结果 SAPⅡ级病例,非手术治疗组病死率为88．9％（16／18）,明显高于早期手术治疗组42．1％（8／19）。结论 SAP早期不应过分强调非手术治疗,正规非手术治疗的同时,根据病情适时有选择地采用手术治疗,有望进一步降低SAP的病死率。     

Epidemiology of fractures in England and Wales

Records from the General Practice Research Database were used to derive age- and gender-specific fracture incidence rates for England and Wales during the period 1988–1998. In total, 103,052 men and 119,317 women in the sample of 5 million adults sustained a fracture over 10.4 million and 11.2 million person-years (py) of follow-up. Among women, the most frequent fracture sites were the radius/ulna (30.2 cases per 10,000 py) and femur/hip (17.0 per 10,000 py). In men, the most common fracture was that of the carpal bones (26.2 per 10,000 py); the incidence of femur/hip fracture was 5.3 per 10,000 py. Varying patterns of fracture incidence were observed with increasing age; whereas some fractures became more common in later life (vertebral, distal forearm, hip, proximal humerus, rib, clavicle, pelvis), others were more frequent in childhood and young adulthood (tibia, fibula, carpus, foot, ankle). The lifetime risk of any fracture was 53.2% at age 50 years among women, and 20.7% at the same age among men. Whereas fractures of the proximal femur and vertebral body were associated with excess mortality over a 5 year period following fracture diagnosis among both men and women, fractures of the distal forearm were associated with only slight excess mortality in men. This study provides robust estimates of fracture incidence that will assist health-care planning and delivery.     

Bone Mineral Density at the Hip Predicts Mortality in Elderly Men

Low bone density as assessed by calcaneal ultrasound has been associated with mortality in elderly men and women. We examined the relationship between bone density measured at the hip and all cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly men. Men aged 65–76 years from the general community were recruited from general practices in Cambridge between 1991 and 1995. At baseline survey, data collection included health questionnaires, measures of anthropometry and cardiovascular risk factors, as well as bone mineral density (BMD) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. All men have been followed up for vital status up to December 1999. BMD was significantly inversely related to mortality from all causes and cardiovascular disease, with decreasing rates with increasing bone density quartile, and an approximate halving of risk between the bottom and top quartile (p <0.002, test for trend all causes and p <0.025, test for trend for cardiovascular deaths). In multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional hazards model, an increase of 1 standard deviation (0.144 g/cm²) in total hip bone density was significantly associated with an age-adjusted 0.77 relative risk (95% CI 0.66–0.91) for all-cause mortality and 0.76 relative risk (95% CI 0.62–0.93) for cardiovascular disease mortality. The association remained significant after adjusting for age, body mass index, cigarette smoking status, serum cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, past history of heart attack, stroke or cancer and other lifestyle factors which included use of alcohol, physical activity and general health status. Low bone density at the hip is thus a strong and independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older men. Received: 16 August 2000 / Accepted: 27 October 2000