含灯盏花中成药DNA提取及其分子鉴定

目的:优选适用于含灯盏花中成药的DNA提取方法和聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增引物,并通过测序和系统发育分析实现对其原料灯盏花的分子鉴定。方法:采用4种十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改良方法对3种含灯盏花的中成药进行DNA提取,测定DNA的纯度和浓度。采用内转录间隔区(ITS)、matK、psbA-trnH、rbcL位点通用引物对提取的中成药DNA进行PCR扩增,并对PCR扩增最佳位点进行测序,通过构建系统发育树进行分子鉴定。结果:4种CTAB改良方法均能获得含灯盏花中成药DNA,其中CTAB改良方法一提取的DNA质量浓度显著高于其他改良方法;PCR扩增中以matK位点2对引物(matKXF/matK5R或matK3F/matK1R)最佳,可通过1次PCR成功获得具有单一条带且浓度较高的PCR产物,序列与灯盏花对照药材同源性为100%,系统发育树显示可与同属其他植物区分。结论:通过CTAB改良方法一可以有效提取含灯盏花中成药样品的DNA,采用matK位点引物matKXF/matK5R或matK3F/matK1R进行1次PCR扩增并对产物进行测序,通过序列比对可完成其原料灯盏花的鉴定。     

A narrative review of individualized treatments of genitourinary tumors: is the future brighter with molecular evaluations?

Few molecular prognostic and predictive biomarkers have been identified so far in genitourinary tumors. We started from a literature search to explore the status of the art of molecular pathology tests as diagnostic, prognostic, predictive biomarkers in genitourinary cancers. Next generation sequencing approaches now provide mind-changing information in the fields of kidney cancer diagnosis, predictive oncology of urothelial cancer, understanding the causes of testicular and penile cancer, and the comprehension of the drivers of prostate cancer progression beyond androgen regulation. The classification of kidney cancer will be based soon on molecular changes. The causes of non-HPV related penile cancer are largely unknown. The emerging high incidence of testicular cancer could be explained only on the basis of molecular changes. The response to novel therapeutic agents in prostatic and urothelial cancer will require thorough molecular tumor characterization. The hereditary risk of patients with early onset prostate cancer and their potential treatment with targeted therapy requires germline and somatic genetic assays. The implementation of effective biomarkers for the response to immune check-point inhibitors in genitourinary cancer is based on the assessment of inflammatory expression profiles and the tumor mutational burden. This review deals with the current tests and provides a tentative foresee of the future molecular biomarkers of genitourinary cancer.     

耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌产酶耐药机制及同源性分析

目的探讨肺炎克雷伯菌对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物耐药的主要产酶机制及同源性。方法收集长沙市第一医院2016年12月-2017年12月临床分离的非重复碳青霉烯耐药肺炎克雷伯菌(CRKP),采用改良碳青霉烯酶灭活试验(mCIM)检测碳青霉烯酶,聚合酶链反应(PCR)法检测常见耐药编码基因。脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)和多位点序列分型(MLST)分析同源性。结果共收集到57株CRKP,mCIM试验阳性率为91.23%(52/57)。PCR共检出6种耐药基因,包括blaSHV、blaCTX-M-9群、blaKPC-2、blaTEM、blaCTX-M-1群和blaNDM-1,检出率分别为94.74%、68.42%、68.42%、56.14%、3.51%和1.75%,其中2株携带blaCTX-M-1群的菌株经测序证实为blaCTX-M-80和blaCTX-M-123,blaCTX-M-9群中1株为blaCTX-M-27,2株为blaCTX-M-14,其余均为blaCTX-M-65。PFGE结果显示,57株CRKP可分为A~H共8种不同的型别,以A型为主,占76.79%,其中A6亚型占32.56%。MLST结果显示,共检出ST11和ST29两种型别,以ST11为主,占75.00%。结论该院临床分离的肺炎克雷伯菌对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物耐药的重要机制为产KPC-2型碳青霉烯酶,且同时携带多种超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)耐药基因。PFGE和MLST结果表明:该院临床分离的CRKP存在克隆传播,需加强流行病学监控。     

Design and application research of nucleotide sequence analysis system software

INTRODUCTION　　From integrallevel and celllevel,the research of organism and diseasediagnosishave already entered molecular level.Molecular biology is the science to researchstructure and function of organism macromolecule.Based on differentgene code se-…     

用双剂量实验数据分析药物的米氏消除参数的识别问题

本文分析了给药剂量对按一级过程吸收，米氏过程消除药物的血药浓度的峰值与达峰时间的影响。并据此讨论了利用较少的双剂量实验数据改善识别米氏参数的方法。     

中药地榆的性状及显微鉴定

研究国内来源于地榆属8个不同种、变种与变型的地榆及2种混淆品的生药性状、组织构造及其粉末的鉴别特征,并分别列出生药性状、组织构造及粉末特征的检索表。     

胃肠道恶性肿瘤及其周边组织中c-myc基因mRNA表达与临床意义

目的　探讨胃肠道恶性肿瘤及其周围边组织中c -mycmRNA表达与手术切缘的安全性关系。方法　用RT -PCR方法检测了 12例胃癌和 16例肠癌标本肿瘤中心及周边组织中c-mycmRNA的表达。结果　肿瘤的各种分型与各个分期c -mycmRNA的表达无显著性差异。肿瘤周边组织中 ,距肿瘤边缘 4cm处c -mycmRNA表达率显著下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,距肿瘤边缘 5cm以远表达率为 0。结论　根据c -mycmRNA表达 ,距肿瘤边缘 5cm处可定为肿瘤较安全的切缘