A three-dimensional printing navigational template combined with mixed reality technique for localizing pulmonary nodules

OBJECTIVESLocalizing non-palpable pulmonary nodules is challenging for thoracic surgeons. Here, we investigated the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology combined with mixed reality (MR) for localizing ground glass opacity-dominant pulmonary nodules.Open in a separate windowMETHODSIn this single-arm study, we prospectively enrolled patients with small pulmonary nodules (<2 cm) that required accurate localization. A 3D-printing physical navigational template was designed based on the reconstruction of computed tomography images, and a 3D model was generated through the MR glasses. We set the deviation distance as the primary end point for efficacy evaluation. Clinicopathological and surgical data were obtained for further analysis.RESULTSSixteen patients with 17 non-palpable pulmonary nodules were enrolled in this study. Sixteen nodules were localized successfully (16/17; 94.1%) using this novel approach with a median deviation of 9 mm. The mean time required for localization was 25 ± 5.2 min. For the nodules in the upper/middle and lower lobes, the median deviation was 6 mm (range, 0–12.0) and 16 mm (range, 15.0–20.0), respectively. The deviation difference between the groups was significant (Z = −2.957, P = 0.003). The pathological evaluation of resection margins was negative.CONCLUSIONSThe 3D printing navigational template combined with MR can be a feasible approach for localizing pulmonary nodules.     

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症母-胎间免疫耐受的探讨

目的：初步探讨ICP发病机制中的母-胎间的免疫耐受现象。方法：采用单向混合淋巴细胞反应法对照研究20例ICP患者（研究组）及正常孕妇（对照组）的母体淋巴细胞对已灭活的胎儿单个核细胞（PBMC）反应的增殖情况。结果：母体淋巴细胞与已灭活的胎儿脐血中的单个核细胞单向混合淋巴反应中,ICP患者组的母体淋巴细胞的增殖程度显著高于正常组。结论：（1）在ICP患者中母-胎间的免疫抑制较正常孕妇是减弱的。（2）ICP患者母-胎间免疫耐受失衡可能是ICP发病的重要机制之一。     

消痔灵注射液的临床应用进展

消痔灵注射液是中药五倍子和明矾的混合制剂,对组织有较强的收敛作用,使蛋白凝固、血管收缩,并对多种细菌有抑制和较强抗渗透作用。现在临床上除了治疗痔疮以外,许多其他疾病如血管瘤、肿瘤等也开始尝试应用消痔灵治疗,并且取得了很好的效果。     

Composite intestinal adenoma-microcarcinoid: An update and literature review

Composite intestinal adenoma-microcarcinoid (CIAM) is a rare intestinal lesion consisting of conventional adenoma and small, well differentiated carcinoid [microcarcinoid (MC)] at its base. The incidence of CIAM is 3.8% in surgically resected colorectal polyps. While its pathogenesis is unknown, studies support the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the tumorigenesis of CIAM. CIAMs have been primarily reported in the colon wherein they present as polyps with well-defined margins, similar to conventional adenomatous polyps. MC is usually found in adenomatous polyps with high-risk features such as large size, villous architecture, or high grade dysplasia. Histologically, the MC component is often multifocal and spans 3.9 to 5.8 millimeters in size. MC is usually confined within the mucosa but occasional CIAM cases with MC extending to the submucosa have been reported. MC of CIAM demonstrates bland cytology and inconspicuous proliferative activity. The lesional cells are positive for synaptophysin and 60% to 100% of cases show nuclear β-catenin positivity. MC poses a diagnostic challenge with its morphologic and immunohistochemical resemblance to both benign and malignant lesions, including squamous morules/metaplasia, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, sporadic neuroendocrine tumor and goblet cell adenocarcinoma. CIAM is an indolent lesion with a favorable outcome. Complete removal by polypectomy is considered curative. Awareness and recognition of this rare entity will help arrive at correct diagnosis and improve patient care. Currently, CIAM is not recognized as a subtype of mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm by WHO.     

MR及3D打印在陈旧性颧眶复合体骨折手术中的应用

目的: 探讨混合现实(MR) 及3D 打印技术在陈旧性颧眶复合体骨折手术中的应用效果。方法: 8例陈旧性颧骨骨折患者应用MR及3D打印技术实施手术,术前将CT数据导入计算机医学图像处理软件行骨折块分割、虚拟复位,3D打印骨折复位后模型,术中行钛板坚固内固定、MR精准验证定位,术后对比观察健、患侧面部外形及对称性。采用SPSS 22.0软件包中的配对t检验比较手术前、后双侧颧骨的突度和高度差值。结果: 患者术后开口度及咀嚼功能恢复正常,手术创面均一期愈合,无出血及感染等并发症。双侧面型对称,双侧颧骨突度及高度一致,手术前、后颧骨的突度差值分别为(9.82±1.11)和(1.12±0.48)mm;高度差值分别为(10.19±1.01)和(1.13±0.42)mm;与术前相比,差异均有统计学意义(t=24.77,P<0.05;t=24.68,P<0.05)。结论: 应用混合现实及3D打印技术修复陈旧性颧眶复合体骨折,有效恢复了面中部外形和咀嚼功能,实现了精确、个性化治疗目的: ,为临床诊疗提供了新的手段。     

Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder,amphicrine type: Case report and review of literature

Amphicrine type mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC), also known as amphicrine carcinoma, is an exceedingly rare neoplasm comprising of tumor cells simultaneously demonstrating both neuroendocrine and exocrine differentiation. Majority of reported cases were found in tubular gastrointestinal tracts such as colon. Herein, we report the first case of amphicrine carcinoma in gallbladder in a 57-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, and gallbladder mass on imaging followed by radical cholecystectomy. Macroscopically, the tumor was a polypoid solid mass with a firm and tan-white cut surface located at the gallbladder fundus. Histologically, the tumor cells were composed of monotonous-appearing signet-ring cells with fine chromatin, variably conspicuous nucleoli, brisk mitotic figures, and spotty necrosis. They were loosely clustered, forming nests and cords but no glandular formation. Immunohistochemically, the entire tumor showed strong and diffuse immunoreactivity for CDX2, p53, and synaptophysin, with patchy positivity for CD56, chromogranin, and INSM1. Kreyberg stain highlighted both intracytoplasmic and extracellular mucin. Ki-67 proliferation index was approximately 70%. Next-generation sequencing performed on a 724 cancer-related gene panel identified TP53 mutation at c.844C>T (p.R282W). To our knowledge, this is the first case of amphicrine carcinoma in gallbladder. It highlights the complex dynamism and controversial pathogenesis of this unique entity, the exact mechanism and clinicopathologic behavior of which are not yet understood.     

苦参凝胶对阴道院内感染常见微生物增殖影响的临床研究

目的:探讨苦参凝胶对阴道院内感染常见微生物增殖影响的临床效果。方法:对2013年2月至2014年4月住院的阴道院内感染患者320例进行分组,其中实验组160例(传统阴道抗菌药物联合苦参凝胶治疗),对照组160例(传统阴道抗菌药物治疗),比较两组不同药物治疗阴道院内感染在停药后第15d和第30d时临床治疗的效果情况。结果:苦参凝胶与传统阴道抗菌药物联合治疗混合性阴道院内感染后第15d和第30d复诊总有效率分别为92.5%(148/160)和95.6%(153/160),明显高于对照组77.5%(124/160)和80.63%(129/160),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:苦参凝胶是一种纯天然植物药,能安全、可靠、有效的抑制阴道院内感染常见微生物增殖,且方便使用、耐受率低,适合应用于治疗阴道院内感染。