中文版亲子互动-喂养量表的信效度初步研究

目的 引入并修订美国华盛顿大学的亲子互动-喂养量表,并在中国人群中进行信效度研究。方法 按照国际测试委员会指南,对原亲子互动-喂养量表进行翻译,形成中文版亲子互动-喂养量表(PCI-FS-C)。2018年6月—2019年1月方便抽样北京、银川、兰州和马鞍山市4所妇幼保健院,招募310例0~12个月母子对,采集婴儿一次完整喂养过程的视频,由经过美国华盛顿大学培训合格获得原版量表评估资质人员进行视频编码评分。抽样6例评估评分者信度;于14~21 d后随机抽样10%评估重测信度;随机抽样41例进行中文版婴儿-学步儿家庭环境观察评估表(IT-HOME-C)效标效度检验。使用多元线性回归进行区分效度分析。结果 共获得273例有效样本。总量表、照护者和婴儿量表内部一致性Cronbach's α 系数分别为0.846、0.805和0.690;总量表、照护者和婴儿量表的重测信度分别为0.847、0.778和0.480(P<0.01);总量表评分者信度Kendall相关性系数为0.860;PCI-FS-C的总分、照护者和婴儿量表总分与IT-HOME-C总分呈显著性中度正相关(r=0.526、0.506、0.427,P＜0.05)。控制混杂因素后,婴儿年龄与PCI-FS-C量表总分、照护者量表和婴儿量表总分显著相关(b=3.24、2.31、0.92)。结论 中文版亲子互动-喂养量表在中国人群中具有良好的信度和效度,可以作为我国婴儿喂养亲子互动的评估工具。今后可以考虑开展大样本量分层抽样的本土化常模研究。     

中文版感知社会支持量表在老年癌症患者中的信效度分析

目的 检验中文版感知社会支持量表（the multidimensional scale of perceived social support, MSPSS）在老年癌症患者中应用的信效度。方法 采用整群抽样的方法,使用中文版感知社会支持量表对老年癌症患者进行调查,并对结果进行信效度检验。结果 共收到有效问卷520份,中文版感知社会支持量表的Cronbach α系数为0.877;探索性因子中共提取出公因子3个,累积方差贡献率为69.5%;通过验证性因子分析得出GFI、CFI、IFI指标范围在0.855～0.921之间。结论 中文版社会支持量表在老年癌症患者中应用具有良好的信效度,可用于评估该人群感知社会支持水平。     

江苏省6县区≥40岁居民生命质量量表信效度检验与常模建立

目的 评估使用SF-12v2量表评价江苏省6县区≥40岁居民生命质量的信度和效度,获取江苏省≥40岁居民的常模参考数据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,在江苏6个县区调查完成3 583份SF-12v2问卷。使用Cronbach's α和Spearman-Brown折半信度进行信度分析,使用因子分析、集合度和区分度实验进行效度分析。结果 SF-12v2量表12项条目的Cronbach’s α为0.886,删除任1维度后的Cronbach’s α为0.810~0.841,生理总评分和心理总评分的Cronbach’s α为0.767和0.759;Spearman-Brown折半信度为0.795。因子分析结果显示,采用方差最大正交旋转法共提取2个主成分,累计方差贡献率为61.2%。SF-12v2量表的8个维度中,各维度的集合效度下限均高于区分效度的上限,集合效度实验和区分效度实验的成功率均为100%。结论 SF-12v2量表应用于评价≥40岁居民的生命质量具有良好的信度和效度,各维度评分可作为江苏省≥40岁居民生命质量的常模参考数据。     

中国幼儿睡眠状况评估量表的编制与评价研究

目的 编制适用于我国12～35月龄幼儿的睡眠状况评估量表,评价其信度、效度和可行性,为评估中国幼儿睡眠情况提供适宜的评估工具。 方法 建立条目池,通过头脑风暴法、德尔菲法和预调查对条目进行初筛和修改。采用抽样调查方法,2019年7-11月从全国6个社区、6个乡镇和两家睡眠门诊选择12～35月龄幼儿看护人进行现场调查,共收回有效问卷551份。采用项目分析、效度分析、信度分析、可行性和验证性因子分析对量表进行评价。 结果 幼儿睡眠状况评估量表(12～35个月)包含睡眠节律、夜醒情况、入睡行为、日间嗜睡,睡眠呼吸和异态睡眠6个因子20个条目,累积解释变异量为55.55%。所有条目的内容效度指数介于0.83～1.00。量表入睡潜伏期、夜醒次数、睡眠时间3个条目与简明婴儿睡眠问卷呈正相关(r=0.41、0.69、0.42,P＜0.001)。除日间嗜睡外,社区幼儿量表总分以及其他5个因子得分均低于门诊幼儿(P＜0.05)。量表总Cronbach's α系数为0.72,两周重测信度为0.84,完成率为92.6%。验证性因子分析结果显示,量表的因子结构模型较为合理、稳定。 结论 量表具有较好的信度效度,可以区分不同幼儿的睡眠状况,有助于及早发现幼儿的睡眠问题。     

Frailty in Nursing Homes—A Prospective Study Comparing the FRAIL-NH and the Clinical Frailty Scale

ObjectivesFrailty is common in nursing home (NH) residents, but its prevalence in German institutions is unknown. Valid and easy-to-use screening tools are needed to identify frail residents. We used the FRAIL-NH scale and the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) to (1) obtain the prevalence of frailty, (2) investigate the agreement between both instruments, and (3) evaluate their predictive validity for adverse health events in German NH residents.DesignProspective cohort study.Setting and participantsGerman NH residents (n = 246, age 84 ± 8 years, 67% female).MethodsFrailty status was categorized according to FRAIL-NH (nonfrail, frail, most frail) and CFS (not frail, mild to moderately frail, severely frail). Agreement between instruments was examined by Spearman correlation, an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) with 95% CI, and sensitivity and specificity using the “most frail” category of FRAIL-NH as reference standard. Adverse health events (death, hospital admissions, falls) were recorded for 12 months, and multivariate cox and logistic regression models calculated.ResultsAccording to FRAIL-NH, 71.1% were most frail, 26.4% frail, and 2.5% nonfrail. According to CFS, 66.3% were severely frail, 26.8% mild to moderately frail, and 6.9% not frail. Both scales correlated significantly (r = 0.78; R² = 60%). The AUC was 0.92 (95% CI 0.88-0.96). Using a CFS cutoff of 7 points, sensitivity was 0.90 and specificity 0.92. The frailest groups according to both instruments had an increased risk of death [FRAIL-NH hazard ratio (HR) 2.19, 95% CI 1.21-3.99; CFS HR 2.56, 95% CI 1.43-4.58] and hospital admission [FRAIL-NH odds ratio (OR) 1.95, 95% CI 1.06-3.58; CFS OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.01-3.20] compared to less frail residents. The FRAIL-NH predicted recurrent faller status (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.23-5.39).Conclusions and implicationsFrailty is highly prevalent in German NH residents. Both instruments show good agreement despite different approaches and are able to predict adverse health outcomes. Based on our findings and because of its simple administration, CFS may be an alternative to FRAIL-NH for assessing frailty in NHs.     

富阳农村居民的健康状况研究

目的：探讨SF－36量表用于农村居民健康状况测定的可能性。方法：用中文版SF－36量表测定富阳2－7名14岁以上的农村居民,分析其信度,效度。结果：除了SF,RE维度,其余6维度内部一致性信度系数大于0．50,7维度内部一致性信度大于与其他维度的相关,因子分析产生3个主成分,累计方差贡献为64．6％,65岁以上者无应答,青年组与中年组各维度平均分数差异不显著,不同性别只在RP维度上判别显著,吸烟者与不吸烟者,饮酒者与不饮酒者的得分差异不显著,不同文化程度人群的得分差异不显著。结论：尚需更多证据支持SF－36量表适用于农村居民健康状况测定。     

天然水处理剂单宁的改性及性能研究

对单宁进行了胺甲基化、季铵盐化和磺化3种改性,通过红外光谱分析了改性产物的结构,并采用失重法,极化曲线、静态阻垢和杀菌实验等手术对其进行了性能评价与研究。实验结果表明,不同的改性方法可以在很大程度上改善单宁的缓蚀、阻垢和杀菌等性能,具有良好的开发前景。     

氯化钛白氧化反应器壁结疤机理

利用预燃烧直管反应器,研究氯化钛白氧化反应器内的结疤机理。氧化反应器内结疤支要起因子氧化过程生成的超细TiO2颗粒在反应器壁的沉积和烧结,反应器壁面温度越高结疤速率越快。当反应器壁面温度较低时,靠近壁面为ＴiO2颗粒堆结层,而告气体相主体的疤层发生了部分烧结。反应温度升高、反应物浓度增大时,结疤速度增大;壁面状态对结疤速率影响不大。     

Effect of clinical factors on trajectory of functional performance in patients undergoing hemodialysis

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the association between clinical factors and temporary changes in functional performance in patients undergoing hemodialysis.MethodsThis was a retrospective, longitudinal observational study conducted from 2015 to 2017. Eight-two patients undergoing hemodialysis in the outpatient clinic were enrolled. Functional performance was measured using the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scale. Collected data for analysis included demographics, laboratory parameters, and KPS scale scores. All participants were grouped into a high KPS cluster and a low KPS cluster based on dynamic changes in KPS scales from 2015 to 2017.ResultsParticipants in the high KPS cluster demonstrated an approximate trend, and those in the low KPS cluster demonstrated a low pattern. By stepwise selection model analysis, age (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03–1.23, p = 0.011), serum BUN (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02–1.16, p = 0.015), calcium levels (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.2–8.73, p = 0.02), and beta-2-microglobulin (OR > 1.0, CI >1.00-<1.01, p = 0.031) showed risk for the low KPS cluster. Male sex (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.04–0.96, p = 0.045) and albumin level (OR 0.02, 95% CI 0–0.4, p = 0.009) showed a low risk for the low KPS cluster.ConclusionsA different trajectory pattern was observed between the high and low KPS clusters in a 3-year period. Risk factors for the low KPS cluster were age, serum BUN, calcium, and beta-2-microglobulin levels. Male sex and serum albumin levels reduced the risk for the low KPS cluster.     

Understanding what people think and feel about adult vaccinations and the associated barriers in Greece: Development and validation of the attitude towards adult vaccination (ATAVAC) scale

Despite the unequivocal value of vaccination in reducing the global burden of infectious diseases, the anti-vaccination movement thrives. The vast majority of the existing validated tools explore attitudes regarding vaccination in children. The aim of our study was to develop and validate a scale assessing attitudes towards adult immunisation. This national cross-sectional study included adult healthcare users who visited 23 Greek Primary Healthcare Units. The development of the scale was the result of literature review, semi-structured interviews and pilot testing of its preliminary versions. The initial version contained 15 items measuring respondents’ attitudes on a 6-point Likert scale. The sample was randomly split into two halves. Exploratory factor analysis, performed in the first sample, was used for the creation of multi-item scales; confirmatory factor analysis was used in the second sample to assess goodness of fit. Moreover, concurrent validity, internal consistency reliability, test–retest reliability and ceiling and floor effects were explored. The total sample consisted of 1,571 individuals. Overall ‘Cronbach's alpha’ (0.821) indicated good internal consistency. The initial exploratory factor analysis resulted in a three-factor model. The subsequent confirmatory factor analysis indicated that an 11-item version of the scale provided the best fit of the model to the data (RMSEA = 0.050, SRMR = 0.053, TLI = 0.937, CFI = 0.955, AIC = 24,999.949). All subscales (‘value of adult vaccination’, ‘safety concerns’ and ‘perceived barriers’) demonstrated strong concurrent associations with participants’ attitudes and behaviour regarding vaccination (p < .001). No ceiling or floor effects were noted for any of the subscales (0.13%, 2.61% and 0.51%; 0.13%, 0.57% and 0.45% respectively). The 11-item ATAVAC scale proved to be a reliable and valid tool, suitable for assessing attitudes towards adult vaccination.