血液透析机关键参数的计量与校准

采用血液透析机质量检测仪对血液透析机的电导率、温度和压力指标进行测试,通过计量校准得到误差,根据血液透析机厂家工程师提供的方法对相应机器参数进行校正,使用血液透析机质量检测仪进行结果验证,从而减少误差,保证血液透析机处于最佳状态,实现对血液透析机的质量控制。     

计量保证体系在医疗卫生机构中的作用

本文针对当前医疗卫生机构在医疗仪器质量管理中存在的一些问题，从增强法制观念，健立、完善计量保证体系，提高医学计量认识，更新医疗仪器管理观念等方面，阐述了在医疗卫生机构建立计量保证体系的紧迫性及重要性。     

Determination of five phenolic antioxidants in edible oils: Method validation and estimation of measurement uncertainty

An analytical protocol and the measurement uncertainty for determination of butylated hydroxylanisole, butylated hydroxyltoluene propyl gallate, octyl gallate and dodecyl gallate in edible oils were reported. Details of the validation including application of certified reference materials and participation in proficiency tests were discussed. Traceability of measurement was established through traceable standards and calibrated volumetric equipment and measuring instruments. The protocol, comprising a TLC screening step, quantification by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA) techniques, and unequivocal confirmation by mass spectrometry or a second chromatographic technique, provides a reliable and validated means for fast turnaround and high sample throughput analysis of the five antioxidants in edible oils. This protocol was also found to be applicable to other fat-containing food matrices.     

冠心病心绞痛中医证候的文献研究

本文对冠心病心绞痛中医证候进行了系统综述。本研究主要从传统医学文献研究、现代医学文献研究、现代医学对冠心病心绞痛的认识、中医证候的多方位研究等多个方面进行总结,为量化临床症状和体征,建立冠心病心绞痛计量诊断表,探讨常见中医证候的规范化和量化研究方法提供依据,为建立冠心病心绞痛常见中医证候诊断模型,实现冠心病心绞痛定量诊断开辟了新的途径。     

冠心病心绞痛中医证候的规范及心气亏虚证的计量研究

目的:探讨冠心病心绞痛中医证候的规范及心气亏虚证量化诊断方法。方法:本研究搜集了冠心病心绞痛相关20年的论文,3 090例患者的中医证候信息,运用频率、排序、logistic逐步回归法最大似然法模型等统计方法,初步确定冠心病心绞痛最常见证型:心气亏虚证、心血瘀阻证、痰阻心脉证、心气阴两虚证、心阳亏虚证、寒滞心脉证、心阴亏虚证,而心阴亏虚证在冠心病心绞痛的临床证型中较少见。进一步采用单因素分析和logistic逐步回归法选定相关因素;应用条件概率换算方法[1-2]对相关因素进行赋分;应用最大似然判别法确定量化诊断阈值;并对建立的冠心病心绞痛心气亏虚证量化诊断标准进行回顾性检验,分别计算其敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果:冠心病心绞痛心气亏虚证的中医证候量化诊断相关因素为胸闷、心胸隐痛、气短、神疲乏力、自汗、倦怠懒言、舌淡、苔薄白、脉细,赋分为2~13分;心气亏虚证的诊断阈值为28分;经进行回顾性检验,敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为71.25%、87.14%、83.37%、63.32%、90.68%。结论:以症状出现频次为基础,建立冠心病心绞痛中医证候量化标准的方法是可行的。     

Non-invasive Estimation of Temperature during Physiotherapeutic Ultrasound Application Using the Average Gray-Level Content of B-Mode Images: A Metrological Approach

Healing therapies that make use of ultrasound are based on raising the temperature in biological tissue. However, it is not possible to heal impaired tissue by applying a high dose of ultrasound. The temperature of the tissue is ultimately the physical quantity that has to be assessed to minimize the risk of undesired injury. Invasive temperature measurement techniques are easy to use, despite the fact that they are detrimental to human well being. Another approach to assessing a rise in tissue temperature is to derive the material's general response to temperature variations from ultrasonic parameters. In this article, a method for evaluating temperature variations is described. The method is based on the analytical study of an ultrasonic image, in which gray-level variations are correlated to the temperature variations in a tissue-mimicking material. The physical assumption is that temperature variations induce wave propagation changes modifying the backscattered ultrasound signal, which are expressed in the ultrasonographic images. For a temperature variation of about 15°C, the expanded uncertainty for a coverage probability of 0.95 was found to be 2.5°C in the heating regime and 1.9°C in the cooling regime. It is possible to use the model proposed in this article in a straightforward manner to monitor temperature variation during a physiotherapeutic ultrasound application, provided the tissue-mimicking material approach is transferred to actual biological tissue. The novelty of such approach resides in the metrology-based investigation outlined here, as well as in its ease of reproducibility.     

CBMdisc收录我国近年恙虫病文献的调查与分析

为了解近年我国恙虫病研究情况及其涉及的主要内容,对该病防治提供科学依据,从CBMdisc收录1982—1999.4月恙虫病文献,进行统计分析,结果表明:数十种学术刊物刊载恙虫病的文献计132篇,分布在14个省(市),其中军队卫生人员发表文献占近50％。研究主要集中在该病流行病学,微生物学,免疫学,遗传学和诊断学等内容。     

Relationship between severity and clinical importance of symptoms in osteoarthritis

Summary Seventeen patients with primary osteoarthritis of the knee were evaluated with respect to the severity and clinical importance of pain, stiffness and physical function during the conduct of a double-blind randomized controlled trial of flurbiprofen SR versus diclofenac sodium SR using the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index. Mean importance scores were similar for items within the same dimension as well as between items in different dimensions. In general, low levels of correlation were noted between the severity and importance of symptoms. Analysis of individual WOMAC items within a given subscale indicated that, although highly correlated, they differed from one another. Factor analysis further supported the contention that scores from items within a subscale could be summated into subscale scores. These observations are of importance in the weighting and aggregation of items within discrete dimensions and have the potential for reducing sample size requirements for clinical trials in osteoarthritis.     

Metrologic approaches to setting acceptance criteria: unacceptable and unusual characteristics

Decisions regarding acceptance criteria in regulatory or compendial contexts are among the most difficult to make. Acceptance criteria aid in the identification, on the one hand, of materials with unacceptable characteristics that should not pass the tests and procedures or, on the other hand, of unusual characteristics that indicate materials that are unlikely to pass the tests and procedures. For relatively complex procedures metrological approaches can differentiate between intra- and inter-laboratory variation and clarify unacceptable and unusual data. Such testing requires collaborative studies in which each participating laboratory essentially compares itself to the other laboratories in the collaborative study. Laboratories that use the reference standard established by the collaborative study are conducting a performance verification test in which they compare their capabilities to those of laboratories in the collaborative study. This paper considers aspects of a series of complex issues involving unacceptable/unusual characteristics primarily in the context of USP's work but with implications for manufacturing science via considerations of process capability and Quality by Design and to measurement science. Ultimately, acceptance criteria support the availability of good quality, safe, and effective medicines for patients and consumers.     

利用数字化仪实现α、β平面源表面粒子发射率的绝对测量

目的 为验证数字化仪代替传统电子学插件进行放射性核素测量的有效性和准确性。方法 基于大面积流气式多丝正比计数器2πα、2πβ表面粒子发射率测量装置,采用CAEN公司开发的DT5730型数字波形采样器对α平面源²⁴¹Am和不同能量的β平面源核素¹⁴C、³⁶Cl和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y进行波形信号采集、幅度分析和数据处理。结果 在电子学阈值、高压等实验条件一致情况下,经死时间、本底修正后得到的α、β表面粒子发射率结果与基于插件定标器得到的测量结果偏差均在0.6%以内,在不确定度范围内相一致。结论 数字化仪可有效替代传统电子学插件实现α、β信号的采集和处理,实现α、β发射率准确测量。