尼美舒利对成人斯蒂尔病退热作用的临床研究

目的　比较尼美舒利和萘普生对成人斯蒂尔病 (AOSD)的退热效果和安全性。方法　 36例AOSD患者随机分为两组 :观察组 2 0例 ,用尼美舒利 10 0mg ,2次 /d ;对照组 16例 ,用萘普生 30 0mg ,2次 /d ,两组均同时服用甲氨蝶呤 10mg/周 ,共 4周。 2周不退热者均加服泼尼松 10mg/d。 结果　观察组于 2 4h退热者 13例(6 5 % ) ,1周和 2周退热者分别为 16例 (80 % )和 17例 (85 % ) ,与对照组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,同时关节症状及血沉 (ESR)、C反应蛋白 (CRP)较治疗前差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　尼美舒利对AOSD的退热作用明显优于萘普生 ,对关节症状及ESR、CRP的改善与萘普生相当 ,副反应小 ,是现阶段治疗AOSD值得推荐的药物。     

云南黄芪药用植物物种多样性研究

云南作为黄芪属植物的一个分布中心，具有丰富的药用植物资源，有正品黄芪２个种，代用品５个种和地方习用品１３个种，正品沙苑子１个种，代用品和地方用品各１种，本文从物种多样性方面对该药物植物进行讨论，并对其亚属，组的等级，特别是同且中的药用植物进行了研究，找出了一定规律。还介绍了几个兄弟民族对黄芪属药用植物的利用情况。     

Effects of Nine Active Ingredients in Chinese Herbal Medicine Sho-saiko-to on 2-(2-Furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acryIamide Mutagenicity

The antimutagenic effects of nine active compounds in the Chinese herbal medicine "sho-saiko-to" on mutagenesis induced by a direct-acting mutagen, 2-(2-furyI)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide (AF-2) were investigated in Salmonella typhimurium , strain TA100. The active compounds examined were classified into two major groups, saponins and flavonoids, the former comprising glycyrrhizin, saikosaponins a, c and d, and ginsenosides Rbl and Rgl, and the latter, baicalin, baicalein and wogonin. Saikosaponin a and ginsenoside Rbl were found to reduce the mutagenicity of AF-2 significantly when applied post-AF-2-treatment in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay. Ginsenoside Rbl also decreased the mutagenic activity of AF-2 in a simultaneous treatment protocol. The results indicate that saikosaponin a and ginsenoside Rbl may enhance DNA repair, and ginsenoside Rbl may also have the ability to inactivate the mutagenic activity of AF-2 directly. On the other hand, saikosaponin d and baicalin showed a slight enhancing effect. None of the compounds, except baicalein, showed any toxic effect on the test strain. These findings may be useful for the development of chemopreventive agents.     

白蚁巢的化学及药理研究进展

生物学上将白蚁的蚁巢称为菌圃,菌圃在临床上的应用尚不多见,一般用于骨伤及内科疾病的治疗。本文根据近年来对白蚁巢分布、种类、生药学特点、化学成分、药理作用等方面的研究文献进行总结归纳,为白蚁巢的开发利用提供参考。     

甘肃省康乐县药用植物资源初探

目的:进一步摸清甘肃省康乐县野生药用植物资源及其分布规律,分析药用植物多样性的特征,为该县中草药资源的开发利用和保护提供科学依据。方法:通过野外考察、标本采集、鉴定与资料考证相结合的方法对甘肃省康乐县药用植物资源多样性进行研究。结果:康乐县现有野生药用植物65科258种,以菊科和蔷薇科为主,其中国家级重点药用品种24科39属43种。该地野生药用植物的药用部位主要为全草类和根或根茎类,分别占40.31%和25.19%,药性主要以清热药和祛风湿药为主,分别占28.68%和12.79%。现有栽培药用植物12种,栽培面积达3 000公顷。结论:康乐县药用植物资源虽然丰富,但是多数品种蕴藏量不大,而且近年中草药资源也在逐渐减少,所以应在保护的前提下加快研究进度,进行合理开发利用。     

Safety and immunogenicity of an MF59(®)-adjuvanted A/H5N1 pre-pandemic influenza vaccine in adults and the elderly

Background

The potential consequences of an avian influenza pandemic warrants the development of safe, highly immunogenic pre-pandemic A/H5N1 vaccines with cross-clade protection. In this randomized, controlled study we compared the immunogenicity and safety of an MF59^®-adjuvanted (Novartis Vaccines, Marburg, Germany) A/H5N1 pre-pandemic vaccine with that of a licensed, MF59-adjuvanted, seasonal influenza vaccine.

Methods

Healthy adult (18–60 years, n = 3372) and elderly (≥61 years, n = 275) volunteers received either an initial dose of a licensed, non-adjuvanted, trivalent, seasonal influenza vaccine (Agrippal^®) on Day 1, followed by one dose of MF59-H5N1 study vaccine on Day 22 and a second dose of MF59-H5N1 on Day 43, or alternatively, placebo on Day 1 followed by one dose of MF59-adjuvanted seasonal reference vaccine on Day 22 and a second dose of reference vaccine on Day 43. Homologous and cross-reactive A/H5N1 antibody responses were analysed by haemagglutination inhibition (HI), single radial haemolysis (SRH), and microneutralization (MN) assays three weeks after each vaccination. Vaccine safety was assessed throughout the study.

Results

Analysis by HI assay found that two doses of MF59-H5N1 resulted in a seroconversion rate of 56% and a geometric mean ratio (GMR) of 7.1 in adult subjects. Similar results were observed on analysis by SRH (GMR 4.03; seroconversion 78% and seroprotection 91%) and MN (seroconversion 67%) assays. These data met the European licensure criteria for influenza vaccines. No significant difference in immunogenicity was detected between the adult and elderly populations. Anti-A/H5N1 cross-clade antibodies were detected by SRH, 49% of adult and 32% of elderly subjects achieved seroconversion after the second vaccine dose. Overall, MF59-H5N1 containing 7.5 μg antigen was less reactogenic than the MF59-adjuvanted trivalent seasonal vaccine which contained 15 μg antigen for each component strain.

Conclusions

Two doses of MF59-H5N1 vaccine were well tolerated and induced adequate levels of seroprotection against homologous and cross-clade A/H5N1 virus. These data support the suitability of MF59-adjuvanted A/H5N1 vaccine for pre-pandemic use in adults and the elderly.     

Safety and immunogenicity of a novel nanoemulsion mucosal adjuvant W805EC combined with approved seasonal influenza antigens

Background

Improving the systemic and mucosal immune response following intranasal vaccination could enhance disease protection against respiratory pathogens. We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of a novel nanoemulsion mucosal adjuvant W₈₀5EC combined with approved seasonal influenza antigens.

Methods

This was a first-in-human Phase I study in 199 healthy adult volunteers randomized to receive a single intranasal administration of 5%, 10%, 15% or 20% W₈₀5EC, combined with 4 or 10 μg strain-specific Fluzone^® HA, compared with intranasal PBS, intranasal Fluzone^®, or 15 ug strain-specific intramuscular Fluzone^®. Safety was evaluated by physical examination, laboratory parameters, symptom diaries, and adverse event reports. Serum HAI titers and nasal wash IgA were assessed at baseline as well as 28 and 60 days after vaccination.

Results

W₈₀5EC adjuvant combined with seasonal influenza antigens was well tolerated without safety concerns or significant adverse events. The highest dose of 20% W₈₀5EC combined with 10 μg strain-specific HA elicited clinically meaningful systemic immunity based on increases in serum HAI GMT and ≥70% seroprotection for all 3 influenza strains, as well as a rise in antigen-specific IgA in nasal wash specimens.

Conclusions

W₈₀5EC adjuvant was safe and well tolerated in healthy adult volunteers and elicited both systemic and mucosal immunity following a single intranasal vaccination.     

肝癥口服液含药血清对人肝癌BEL-7402细胞系侵袭和转移的影响

目的:探讨肝癥口服液含药血清对人肝癌BEL-7402细胞系侵袭和转移的影响及其机制.方法:应用细胞培养技术培养人肝癌细胞株BEL-7402,采用血清药理学的方法,以原发性肝癌患者服用肝癥口服液前后血清处理肝癌细胞,通过Boyden小室模型测定其侵袭力和黏附力,细胞迁移实验测定细胞运动能力,同时观察细胞形态,流式细胞术测定肝癌细胞基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP2),基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂2(TIMP2),整合素β_1(integrinβ_1)和上皮钙黏附素(E-cd)表达的改变.结果:肝癥口服液含药血清能明显抑制肝癌细胞侵袭力(25.79±2.31 vs 49.54±4.32,P<0.05)、黏附力(42.38±3.19 vs 68.67±5.36,P<0.05)及运动能力(34.72±3.43 vs 54.16±5.35,P<0.05).形态学观察发现,服药后血清组细胞形态较圆,伪足数目较少,MMP2阳性表达细胞减少(289.61±25.32 vs 439.28±22.45,P<0.05),TIMP2阳性表达细胞增多(348.75±34.58 vs 250.53±16.48,P<0.05),MMP2/TIMP2比值下降(0.83 vs 1.76,P<0.05);integrinβ_1表达减少(286.05±28.47 vs 389.57±21.23,P<0.05),E-cd的表达则增加(385.57±26.36 vs 230.72±13.41.P<0.05).结论:肝癥口服液含药血清能抑制肝癌BEL-7402细胞侵袭与转移,其机制可能与直接抑制细胞迁移运动,抑制细胞基质溶解相关基因蛋白MMP2表达,促进TIMP2表达;抑制黏附分子integrinβ_1的表达,促进E-cd表达有关.     

Efficacy and safety of paediatric medicinal cannabis use: A scoping review

IntroductionThe use of medicinal cannabis in the paediatric age group is increasing despite the lack of evidence for its efficacy or safety.ObjectiveTo map the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of medicinal cannabis in children and adolescents.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review and searched six electronic databases and grey literature. A study was eligible for inclusion when it investigated the efficacy or safety of medicinal cannabis for any condition, more than half of the participants were 0 to 18 years old, and had any study design except single case reports.ResultsWe included 36 studies in our final analysis, 32 of which investigated the efficacy or safety of cannabis in treatment-resistant epilepsy. The remaining 4 studies examined patients with cancer, dysautonomia, Epidermolysis Bullosa, and motor disorders.ConclusionsThere is a lack of evidence on the efficacy and safety of medicinal cannabis in most paediatric conditions.     

Antioxidant,hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic effects of methanolic root extract of Cassia singueana in rats following acute and chronic carbon tetrachloride intoxication

ObjectiveTo evaluate in vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of the methanolic extract of the root of Cassia singueana in rats following acute and chronic carbon tetrachloride intoxication.MethodsMalondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and bilirubin as indices of liver damage and lipid peroxidation were detected in rats after intraperitoneal administration of extract (5 mg/kg).ResultsThe liver, kidney and heart showed significant reduction (P<0.05) in the levels of MDA from (0.18±0.04), (0.23±0.07) and (0.26±0.10) nmol/mg respectively in the CCl₄ control to (0.15±0.03), (0.17±0.04) and (0.17±0.07) nmol/mg protein in groups pre-treated with the extract for three days at 5 mg/kg). Similarly, compared to the CCl₄ control, significant reduction (P<0.05) in serum AST, ALT and bilirubin as well as in level of total cholesterol and MDA with concomitant increase in HDL cholesterol, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels when CCl₄-intoxicated rats were treated with Cassia singueana root extract for two weeks.ConclusionsThese results suggest that methanolic extract of Cassia singueana contain potent antioxidant compounds that can offer significant protection against hepatic and oxidative injuries.