肺动脉高压患者服药依从性现状及其影响因素研究

目的了解肺动脉高压(PAH)患者服药依从性现状,探讨其服药依从性的影响因素。方法采用方便抽样法,对2019年4月8日—12月10日在北京市某三甲医院住院的226例PAH患者进行横断面调查,采用Morisky量表对PAH患者服药依从性进行评价,采用一般情况调查表、PAH知识问卷、社会支持评定量表、SAS、SDS对患者进行调查,纳入可能对PAH患者服药依从性产生影响的因素,进行单因素分析和多重逐步回归分析。结果PAH患者服药依从性评分为(5.26±0.11)分,PAH患者的疾病认知、居住地、文化程度及抑郁水平是其服药依从性的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论PAH患者服药依从性较差,在今后临床工作中要重视提高患者对疾病认知的水平,加强对患者抑郁的评估,以做到早发现、早干预,同时加强心理护理和健康宣教,提高患者服药依从性。     

Three-month follow-up effects of a medication management program on nurses’ knowledge

This quasi-experimental study examined the effects of a medication management program on nurses knowledge of medication management, three months after program completion. Fifty-seven nurses took a multiple-choice test both immediately after the program and three months later. Changes in test performance were assessed using McNemar's test and generalized estimating equations for binary outcomes. Test results were generally consistent from immediately post-program to three months later, though four items differed significantly. From immediately post-program to three months later, fewer nurses correctly answered the items: documenting no medication administration (98.2 vs 86.6, p = 0.04); documenting opioid administration (56.1 vs 33.3, p = 0.01); and observation after opioid administration (35.1 vs 19.3, p = 0.08. Significantly more nurses correctly answered the item concerning the pharmacology of medication administered with food (64.9 vs 77.2, p = 0.09). We recommend both continuous medication management training and focusing on the correspondence between theory-based knowledge and clinical practice routines.     

掌上智能用药系统的开发与应用

目的 提高患者用药的正确性与依从性,保障患者安全、有效、合理、经济的用药。方法 介绍我院研发的掌上智能用药系统的架构、设计特点及工作流程,详细论述该系统的创建用药计划、用药提醒、用药完成、用药后效应四大模块的功能与应用。结果 该系统采用移动手机应用,构建图文并茂的智能用药信息,能提醒患者按时服药,正确辨识药物,提高用药依从性与正确性。结论 信息化建设有利于促进药品的合理应用,保障患者用药安全,成为现阶段药学服务不可或缺的重要内容。     

Adherence to prophylactic dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome – A study conducted at a Saudi university hospital

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate patients’ self-reported adherence to dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and determine the factors associated with premature discontinuation of DAPT.MethodsThe cross-sectional interview-based study was conducted among adult outpatients who visited the outpatient department of King Khalid University Hospital, Cardiac Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, over a period of 3 months from May to July of 2016. Medication adherence was assessed using the Self-efficacy for Appropriate Medication Use Scale (SEAMS), which is composed of 13 items with a 3-point Likert scale.ResultsA total of 192 patients participated in the study. The majority of the participants were male (82.1%), and the mean age was 55.66 ± 10.80 years. More than 84% (84.4%) of the patients reported that they were “confident” in taking several medications each day. The minimum and maximum SEAMS scores were 22 and 39, respectively, with the mean score being 30.8 ± 3.5. Almost all patients had moderate scores and adherence; only one patient got a score of 39. Among sociodemographic characteristics, only health insurance and income were significantly associated with the medication adherence score (p < 0.05).ConclusionsStudy results concluded that patients had a moderate level of adherence towards DAPT in Saudi Arabia, however Patient education on DAPT is essential to improve adherence to medication treatment. More effective intentions and education methods should be developed to improve long-term DAPT adherence.     

MEBO治疗慢性难愈性皮肤溃疡的临床疗效观察

目的观察湿润烧伤膏(Moist Exposed Burn Ointment,MEBO)治疗慢性难愈性皮肤溃疡的临床疗效。方法对2010年1月-2014年12月收治的344例慢性难愈性皮肤溃疡患者创面采用"药刀结合"的方法治疗,药即MEBO,刀即外科清创术、植皮术等。患者初诊时尽量清除创面坏死组织,不能耐受一次性清创者行蚕食疗法;清创后创面均匀涂抹MEBO并外敷MEBO药纱包扎治疗,存在潜腔的创面用MEBO药纱填塞引流,待肉芽组织填满创面后行肉芽创面游离植皮术。观察患者创面愈合时间及愈合情况。结果344例患者中除38例患者好转后自动出院,3例患者死于基础疾病外,其余303例患者创面均完全愈合,愈合率达88.1%,创面平均愈合时间为80.4 d±15.8 d。其中,193例患者经MEBO换药治疗后创面自行愈合(56.1%);48例合并趾骨坏死的糖尿病足患者进行了坏死组织剜除术(14.0%);34例骨外露创面进行了钻孔术(9.9%);54例患者进行了肉芽创面植皮术(包括接受趾骨剜除术及骨钻孔术后的创面)。89例烧伤残余创面愈合较快,最短为7 d,最长为29 d,平均愈合时间为18.8 d±4.9 d。结论MEBO可有效控制创面感染,促进坏死组织液化脱落及肉芽组织生长,缩短创面愈合时间,减轻患者疼痛,适时配合"刀法"还可进一步加速坏死组织脱落,促进肉芽组织生长,及时封闭创面,减少瘢痕增生,是治疗慢性难愈性皮肤溃疡的理想方法。     

Improving Medication Adherence in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Trial

Background and Purpose

In patients with hypertension, medication adherence is often suboptimal, thereby increasing the risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke. In a randomized trial, we investigated the effectiveness of a multifaceted pharmacist intervention in a hospital setting to improve medication adherence in hypertensive patients. Motivational interviewing was a key element of the intervention.

Methods

Patients (n = 532) were recruited from 3 hospital outpatient clinics and randomized to usual care or a 6-month pharmacist intervention comprising collaborative care, medication review, and tailored adherence counseling including motivational interviewing and telephone follow-ups. The primary outcome was composite medication possession ratio (MPR) to antihypertensive and lipid-lowering agents, at 1-year follow-up, assessed by analyzing pharmacy records. Secondary outcomes at 12 months included persistence to medications, blood pressure, hospital admission, and a combined clinical endpoint of cardiovascular death, stroke, or acute myocardial infarction.

Results

At 12 months, 20.3% of the patients in the intervention group (n = 231) were nonadherent (MPR <0.80), compared with 30.2% in the control group (n = 285) (risk difference −9.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], −17.3, −2.4) and median MPR (interquartile range) was 0.93 (0.82-0.99) and 0.91 (0.76-0.98), respectively, P = .02. The combined clinical endpoint was reached by 1.3% in the intervention group and 3.1% in the control group (relative risk 0.41; 95% CI, 0.11-1.50). No significant differences were found for persistence, blood pressure, or hospital admission.

Conclusions

A multifaceted pharmacist intervention in a hospital setting led to a sustained improvement in medication adherence for patients with hypertension. The intervention had no significant impact on blood pressure and secondary clinical outcomes.     

刘尚义教授运用紫菀、款冬花、百部治疗肺系疾病经验举隅

中医所言肺系疾病,属于现代医学呼吸系统疾病范畴.临床常见呼吸系统疾病包括上呼吸道感染、支气管扩张、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、肺炎等,属中医“感冒”、“肺胀”、“咳嗽”范畴.本文对我省名老中医刘尚义教授配伍运用紫菀、款冬花、百部治疗肺系疾病的经验进行了介绍.