Cost analysis of different protocols for imaging a patient with acute flank pain

The aim of this study was to analyse the costs of different diagnostic approaches to patients with acute flank pain. Four different diagnostic approaches were considered: (a) spiral CT without contrast medium (CM); (b) plain film, ultrasonography (US) and intravenous urography (IVU) – the latter procedure is used in our department in cases still unsolved following the former investigations (28 % in our experience); (c) plain film, US and spiral CT without CM (as an alternative to IVU in 28 % of cases); and (d) IVU. The cost of each procedure in a university hospital was calculated, following analysis of the differential costs of each investigation (equipment, depreciation and maintenance costs, related materials and services, radiologists, radiographers, nurses) and their common costs (auxiliary personnel and indirect internal costs). Finally, we calculated the full cost of each procedure and applied it to the different diagnostic approaches. The full cost of each approach was: (a) spiral CT without CM = 74 Euro; (b) plain film, US and IVU (28 %) = 66.89 Euro; (c) plain film, US and spiral CT without CM (28 %) = 64.93 Euro; (d) IVU = 80.90 Euro. Intravenous urography alone or in unsolved cases is not to be considered because it provides higher costs and worse diagnostic results, whereas X-ray dose to patient is almost equal between IVU and spiral CT. Spiral CT integrated to plain film and US in unsolved cases could be preferred because of lower cost and dose to patient, though reaching a diagnostic conclusion may take longer than an immediate spiral CT. Received: 29 February 2000; Revised: 22 May 2000; Accepted: 23 May 2000     

利用shotgun蛋白组学策略鉴定健康生育男性精浆蛋白质

目的:鉴定正常生育男性的精浆蛋白质。方法:3例正常健康已生育的自愿者精液标本通过Percoll分离获取精浆,等量混合后在SDS-PAGE上进行分离,切胶取条带进行胶内酶解,抽提肽段后利用shotgun蛋白组学策略鉴定蛋白质。结果:正常生育男性精浆鉴定出331种蛋白质,相对分子质量范围8000～572068,等电点范围4.36～11.05;这些蛋白质按功能和生物进程归类,大致有51个(15.4%)运输蛋白质,11个(3.32%)细胞运动蛋白,63个(19.03%)信号转导蛋白质,147个(44.4%)蛋白酶及38个(11.5%)酶调节蛋白质,21个(6.3%)细胞凋亡蛋白,12个(3.62%)结构和支撑蛋白质,59个(17.8%)分子功能未知蛋白质。结论:shotgun蛋白组学策略是鉴定蛋白质的一个较好的方法。膜联蛋白及相关蛋白、Ras相关蛋白Rab是鉴定到的信号转导蛋白中的主要成员,因此推测钙离子和G蛋白信号通路是精子胞外信号传递到胞内的最重要途径,但是这些蛋白间的相互作用还不清楚。另外,精浆中鉴定到了大量的酶类,可能与维持精子活力和代谢有密切关系。     

The validation of a 7-locus multiplex STIR test for use in forensic casework

We have evaluated a multiplex STR system for routine forensic use, which co-amplifies six short tandem repeat (STR) loci; HUMTH01, D21S11, D18S51, D8S1179, HUMVWF31/A and HUMFIBRA (FGA), in conjunction with the X-Y homologous gene Amelogenin. Analysis of PCR products employs denaturing polyacrylamide gels coupled with fluorescentlabelled primers and detection is undertaken on ABD 373A automated sequencers. The technique was shown to be robust and reproducible when samples were analysed under conditions consistent with those encountered in a forensic environment.The system was demonstrated to be human specific and is suitable for use with both aged and degraded material. Somatic stability was proven with a wide range of tissue types and we were able to detect mixtures at ratios between 1:10 and 10: 1. During this study no incidence of sample mis-typing due to allelic or locus drop-out was observed. Furthermore, although additional artefact bands were occasionally encountered these did not interfere with the interpretation of results. The performance of the system with poor quality samples demonstrated its suitability as a powerful tool in forensic investigation.     

疏肝利胆丸质量检测方法研究

目的：建立疏肝利胆丸的质量控制标准。方法对处方中的党参、炒扁豆、姜厚朴、炒莱菔子、郁金、茯苓进行显微鉴别,同时对君药当归中的阿魏酸进行薄层鉴别。结果显微鉴别方法简单,易操作,薄层鉴别专属性强,方法可行。结论显微及薄层鉴别中所用方法简便,专属性强,重现性好,为疏肝利胆丸质量评价提供了依据。     

98例气虚质老年人的中医体质调理干预效果分析

目的:探讨中医体质干预调理对气虚质体质老年人的影响。方法:纳入98例气虚质老年人,进行为期6个月的气虚质体质中医综合调理。比较干预前后受试者的气虚质转化分的变化及体质转化情况。结果:干预后,全体受试者的气虚质转化分均明显降低(P0.001),且女性受试者干预前后的转化分差值明显高于男性(P0.01)。干预后,98例受试者中仍有91例维持气虚质,6例改善为"基本是",1例改善为"否";男性、女性两组的体质变化情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:针对气虚质老年人的中医综合干预调理具有一定效果,可明显改善气虚质老年人的体质偏颇情况,且女性的干预效果优于男性。     

斑马鱼几种病原菌监测

目的对斑马鱼进行几种病原菌的流行病学调查,为后续相关标准的制定提供依据。方法基于细菌的形态学及生理生化特性为基础的传统方法,并与分子生物学方法相结合,最后分离株人工感染健康斑马鱼,观察实验组发病、死亡情况以判定其对斑马鱼的致病性强弱,从而了解影响斑马鱼健康的主要病原菌。结果在所有采样单位共检出3种病原菌,包括嗜水气单胞菌、温和气单胞菌和铜绿假单胞菌。嗜水气单胞菌普遍存在于大多数被检单位,且有较强的致病力。个别单位检出温和气单胞菌和铜绿假单胞菌。温和气单胞菌致病力稍弱;铜绿假单胞菌致病力最弱,感染斑马鱼无典型临床症状,无死亡。结论嗜水气单胞菌可能造成实验用鱼设施的污染,嗜水气单胞菌已证明可以感染人类,此类潜在的人-鱼感染途径应引起重视。由此建议,嗜水气单胞菌应成为重点监控的病原菌。     

夏天无中生物碱类化学成分的研究

对夏天无中的生物碱类化学成分进行系统研究。通过硅胶、RP-C₁₈、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、重结晶、薄层色谱和高效液相色谱等技术,从夏天无块茎95%乙醇提取物中分离得到13个化合物,其结构运用现代波谱技术结合理化性质分别鉴定为:四氢巴马亭(1),氧化北美黄连次碱(2),doryanine(3),巴马亭(4),毕枯枯灵(5),四氢小檗碱(6),四氢黄连碱(7),紫堇定(8),epicorynoxidine(9),N-methylcorydaldine(10),(+)-corlumine(11),N-methyl-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinolone(12)和氧化血根碱(13)。其中化合物2、3、6、7、9~13为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物2、3、9~13 为首次从该属植物中分离得到。此外,药理实验表明,四氢巴马亭(1)可能具有镇痛或镇静的作用,毕枯枯灵(5)可能具有诱发癫痫的作用。     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的体外分离培养与鉴定

目的 体外观察大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的基本生物学特性,建立rMSCs的分离培养方法,为诱导分化成肌研究打下基础.方法 采用Percoll密度梯度离心法分离纯化大鼠MSCs.观察细胞的形态和生长特性,倍增时间,生长曲线,用流式细胞仪分析rMSCs的表面抗原.结果 体外培养的rMSCs很快贴壁.4～8d即贴壁80%,细胞增殖迅速,7d左右即可达到80%融合.流式细胞仪分析CD90、CD13、CD44表达强阳性,CD14、CD34、CD45和HLA-DR表达阴性,符合MSCs的表面抗原特征.结论 经Percoll密度梯度离心法获得的rMSCs细胞株较纯,可作为组织工程中的种子细胞来源,但大鼠MSCs在体外培养过程中易于衰老.     

Optimal state filtering and parameter identification for linear systems

This paper presents the optimal filtering and parameter identification problem for linear stochastic systems with unknown multiplicative and additive parameters over linear observations, where unknown parameters are considered Wiener processes. The original problem is reduced to the filtering problem for an extended state vector that incorporates parameters as additional states. The obtained optimal filter for the extended state vector also serves as the optimal identifier for the unknown parameters. Performance of the designed optimal state filter and parameter identifier is verified for both stable and unstable linear uncertain systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.