心率与血压变异性的多变量、多维信号分析进展

心率变异性与血压变异性反映心血管系统自主神经的调制活动，近年研究已向多变量、多维、动态分析方向发展。心率与血压变异性的多变量系统辨识、时频分析及非线性动力学分析等技术方法，将在心血管疾病的危险性预报、病情评估、疗效评价及特种环境医学等领域有更多应用。     

Application of 3D imaging and selfies in forensic dental identification

With increased access to smartphones, the selfie has gained immense popularity in the past decade. Selfie images could be a significant source of ante-mortem (AM) image data in cases where dental records are unavailable or considered insufficient. The application of 3D imaging and selfies has not been explored to its full potential in human dental identification. The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using selfies as AM data and comparing with 3D post-mortem (PM) scans as an alternative to multiple 2D PM photographs in forensic dental identification. The study sample consisted of 18 selfies (12 matching and 6 non-matching) and 15 3D dental scans obtained from the study participants. The study sample was assessed by 6 experienced forensic odontologists (Raters) in two phases; Phase I-Visual comparison of 2D selfies to 3D scans and Phase II-2D selfies superimposed upon 3D scans. Each rater looked at 15 cases, and a total of 1620 comparisons were made by 6 raters (72 for the 12 matching cases and 1548 were for non-matching) and the opinions for each of the comparisons were analyzed. The results of the study show that use of the 3D superimposition method increased the certainty of the conclusions reached by the raters for the cases with correct matches. Furthermore, 94.2% of the 1548 non-matching comparisons were correctly excluded, compared with 77% for the 2D visual comparison method. The study demonstrated the applicability of this 3D method as a valuable tool in assisting the forensic odontologist with dental identification using selfies.     

Development and validation of a custom panel including 256 Y-SNPs for Chinese Y-chromosomal haplogroups dissection

Y-chromosomal haplogroups determined by Y-chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) allow paternal lineage identification and paternal biogeographic ancestry inference, which has attracted a lot of interest in the forensic community. Recently, a comprehensive Y-SNP tool with dominant markers targeting haplogroups in R, E and I branches has been reported, which allows the inference of 640 Y haplogroups. It had a very good performance and could provide a high level of Y haplogroup resolution in most populations. However, the predominant haplogroups in the Chinese populations are O, C and N, suggesting that more Y-SNPs under these clades are needed to achieve the population-specific high resolution. Herein, aiming at the Chinese population, we presented a largely improved custom Y-SNP MPS panel that contains 256 carefully ascertained Y-SNPs based on our previous studies, and evaluated this panel via a series of tests, including the tests for concordance, repeatability, sensitivity, specificity, and stability, as well as the mixture, degraded and case-type sample analysis. The preliminary developmental validation demonstrated that this panel was highly reliable, sensitive, specific, and robust. In the sensitivity test, even when the DNA input was reduced to as low as 0.5 ng, the sample could still be assigned to the correct Y haplogroup. For mixture analysis, even the 1:99 (Male: Female) mixtures had no effects on the assignation of the Y haplogroup of the male contributor. In summary, this assay has provided a high-resolution Y-chromosomal haplogrouping workflow to determine a male’s paternal lineage and/or paternal biogeographic ancestry and could be widely used for Chinese Y-chromosomal haplogroups dissection.     

Identification of volatile organic compounds in muscle tissues of different species based on Headspace-Gas-Chromatography Ion-Mobility spectrometry

Species identification of unknown biological samples is crucial for forensic applications, especially in cases of explosion, disaster accidents, and body mutilation after murdering, as well as poaching, illegal trade in endangered animals, and meat food fraud. In this study, we identified 60 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in fresh skeletal muscle tissues of seven different animal species (cattle, sheep, pigs, rabbits, rats, chickens and carp) and a human dead body by headspace-gas-chromatography ion-mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS), and compared their differences by retention time, drift time and molecular weight. The results showed that these VOCs formed different gallery plot fingerprints in the skeletal muscle tissues of the human dead body and seven animal species. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed significantly different fingerprints between these species, and these fingerprints maintained good stability between the species and within the same species. Some VOCs have high species specificity, while VOCs of human fresh muscle tissues from different individual sources have little difference, demonstrating that all tested muscle tissue samples could be distinguished based on different VOCs. HS-GC-IMS has proved to be a rapid, high-throughput, highly sensitive and specific species identification method, which can be used for forensic species identification in criminal cases and disaster accidents, as well as detection in the field of food safety, such as meat fraud and adulteration.     

Worldwide variability in deceased organ donation registries

The variability in deceased organ donation registries worldwide has received little attention. We considered all operating registries, where individual wishes about organ donation were recorded in a computerized database. We included registries which recorded an individual's decision to be a donor (donor registry), and registries which only recorded an individual's objection (non-donor registry). We collected information on 15 characteristics including history, design, use and number of registrants for 27 registries (68%). Most registries are nationally operated and government-owned. Registrations in five nations expire and require renewal. Some registries provide the option to make specific organ selections in the donation decision. Just over half of donor registries provide legally binding authorization to donation. In all national donor registries, except one, the proportion of adults (15+) registered is modest (<40%). These proportions can be even lower when only affirmative decisions are considered. One nation provides priority status on the transplant waiting list as an incentive to affirmative registration, while another nation makes registering a donation decision mandatory to obtain a driver's license. Registered objections in non-donor registries are rare (<0.5%). The variation in organ donor registries worldwide necessitates public discourse and quality improvement initiatives, to identify and support leading practices in registry use.     

中医辨体施膳对糖尿病前期糖脂代谢的影响

目的:对糖尿病前期患者进行体质辨识的基础上研究中药膳食对体质的干预,并观察对糖脂代谢的影响.方法:将观察对象随机分为辨体施膳痰湿质观察组、湿热质观察组、阿卡波糖对照组,每组40例.每组采用相应的干预措施,干预6个月.结果:辨体施膳各组和对照组治疗前后空腹血糖及餐后血糖、血脂水平均有不同程度的降低,其中辨体施膳组血脂降低幅度大于对照组.结论:中医辨体施膳有可能经过多途径、多靶位来纠正病人偏颇的体质状态,达到调节和改善无症可辨的糖尿病前期患者的血糖、血脂指标.     

台州地区非结核分枝杆菌流行趋势研究

目的 了解台州地区临床流行的非结核分枝杆菌的种类和感染趋势,为临床诊疗NTM肺病提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2015～2018年来源于台州市不同地区就诊和送检于恩泽医疗中心(集团)的1156株临床分离分枝杆菌菌株,采用基因芯片进行菌种鉴定。结果 1156例分枝杆菌分离出非结核分枝杆菌228例,其中胞内分枝杆菌125例,浅黄分枝杆菌45例,鸟分枝杆菌20例,龟/脓肿分枝杆菌11例,草分枝杆菌16例,不产色分枝杆菌4例,金色分枝杆菌2例,堪萨斯分枝杆菌2例,瘰疬分枝杆菌1例,戈登分枝杆菌1例,海/溃疡分枝杆菌1例。男141例,占61.84%,女87例,占38.16%。结论 台州地区非结核分枝杆菌感染有逐年上升的趋势,主要以胞内分枝杆菌为主,分离人群以男性居多。     

色谱-质谱联用技术鉴定环孢素A的有关物质

采用Hypersil BDS C₁₈(100 mm×4.6 mm,2.4 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-水-甲基叔丁基醚-甲酸(430∶520∶50∶1)为流动相进行等度洗脱,对环孢素A及其有关物质进行分离。在所建立的条件下,环孢素A及其有关物质分离良好,检测并鉴定出29个主要有关物质(9个工艺杂质,20个降解产物),其中13个为欧洲药典中列出的已知杂质或其光学异构体,其余16个均为未知结构的有关物质。采用电喷雾正离子化-飞行时间质谱法(ESI-TOF/MS)测定各有关物质的准确质量和元素组成,三重四极杆串联质谱(ESI-MS/MS)测定其碎片离子特征,通过质谱解析鉴定了29个有关物质的结构。建立的色谱-质谱联用分析方法能有效地分离鉴定环孢素A中的有关物质,可用于其发酵过程的质量控制。     

海州常山茎的化学成分研究

采用多种柱色谱方法对大青属Clerodendrum Linn.植物海州常山Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb.茎的乙醇提取液进行分离纯化,运用波谱学方法鉴定了13个化合物,分别为木栓酮(friedelin, 1 ),白桦脂酸(betulinic acid, 2 ),蒲公英萜醇(taraxerol, 3 ),3-羟基-30-去甲基-20-酮基-28-羽扇豆酸(3-hydroxy-30-nor-20-oxo-28-lupanoic acid,platanic acid, 4 ),金合欢素(acacetin, 5 ),5,7-二羟基3′,4′-二甲氧基黄酮(5,7-dihydroxy 3′,4′-dimethoxyflavone, 6 ),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol, 7 ),豆甾醇(stigmasterol, 8 ),胡萝卜苷(daucosterol, 9 ),豆甾醇-3-O-葡萄糖苷(stigmasterol-3-O-glucopyranoside, 10 ),异香草醛(isovanillin, 11 ),邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate, 12 )和丁香醛(syringaldehyde, 13 )。化合物 4 , 6 , 11 ~ 13 均为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物 4 , 6,10 ~ 13 为首次从该物种中分离得到。     

基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术分析痤疮消洗液化学成分

目的 定性分析治疗痤疮的临床验方痤疮消洗液中的化学成分。方法 采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）技术,选用Acquity HSS T₃色谱柱（2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 μm）,0.1%甲酸乙腈和0.1%甲酸水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL/min,质谱使用ESI离子源,正负离子模式扫描采集数据。通过精确质谱信息及元素组成分析,结合Scifinder数据库、对照品信息及相关文献,对痤疮消洗液中的化学成分进行推断和鉴定。结果 痤疮消洗液中鉴定出59个化合物,它们分别为蒽醌类、环烯醚萜类、有机酸类、黄酮类化合物。结论 UPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术可快速、灵敏地鉴定痤疮消洗液中的化学成分,为探讨药效物质基础及控制制剂质量提供了实验依据。