Serotonin stimulates migrating myoelectric complex via 5-HT3-receptors dependent on cholinergic pathways in rat small intestine

We have investigated the effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and different 5-HT-receptor antagonists and atropine on the migrating myoelectric complex in the rat small intestine.
Infusion of 5-HT dose-dependently shortened the interval between phase III of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC). In untreated animals the interval in upper jejunum was 19.1 (16.0–22.1) min. At doses of 10 and 20 nmol kg^–1 min^–1, the interval decreased to 15.2 (12.0–18.4) and 10.2 (9.4–11.0) min, respectively. The 5-HT₃-receptor antagonist ondansetron (0.5 mg kg^–1) alone increased the MMC interval from 20.8 (15.1–26.5) to 33.9 (19.4–48.4) min. Neither methiothepin (0.5 mg kg^–1) nor ketanserin (0.5 mg kg^–1), selective for 5-HT₁5-HT₂-and 5-HT₂-receptors, respectively, changed the MMC interval. The 5-HT₄-receptor antagonist GR 113808 (0.5 mg kg^–1) disrupted the MMC and induced irregular spiking activity.
Ondansetron and atropine antagonized the 5-HT-induced shortening of the MMC interval. Neither methiothepin nor ketanserin affected the response to 5-HT. GR 113808 did not block the response to 5-HT in half of the animals; however, in the remaining ones MMC was disrupted and irregular spiking induced.
In conclusion, these results show that 5-HT dose-dependently stimulates the cycling of the MMC in the small intestine via 5-HT₃-receptors and a cholinergic final pathway. Our findings encourage further studies on the role of the 5-HT₃-receptor in the control of gastrointestinal motility.     

滤过手术中丝裂霉素C不同用法的疗效分析

目的 比较青光眼滤过手术中丝裂霉素C（MMC）结膜瓣下与巩膜瓣下两种应用方法的降压效果和并发症的发生情况。方法 132眼接受滤过手术的原发性青光眼随机分为对照组和MMC组，再将应用MMC（0．4mg／ml，3min）的66眼分成结膜瓣下（MMC-A）组和巩膜瓣下（MMC-B）组。观察1年内3组患者手术后的眼压、视力和手术并发症。结果 MMC组与对照组相比眼压下降差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），功能性滤过泡形成率71．21％，手术成功率达75．76％，而两组手术并发症无显著性差异。MMC两组病人的降压效果和并发症的差异无统计学意义。结论 MMC作为滤过性手术辅助药物，可增加手术成功率，而且无严重并发症。MMC放置在结膜瓣下和巩膜瓣下效果相似，但放置在结膜瓣下可能会减少对眼内组织的毒性。     

Intraduodenal cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) can stimulate pancreatic secretion in the calf

Summary The effect of CCK-8 administered into the duodenal lumen and into the systemic blood on pancreatic, secretion and duodenal migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) was studied in four calves. Simultaneous MMC recordings and collections of pancreatic juice were performed on valves that had been fasted overnight. Intraduodenal (o, 100, and 300 pmol/kg body wt) and intravenous (0, 30, and 100/pmol kg) infusions of CCK-8 were made for 5 min during the no spiking activity (NSA) phase of duodenal MMC associated with a nadir of periodic pancreatic secretion. CCK-8 was also administered during continuous atropine infusion (5 μg/kg/min). Both intraduodenal and intravenous infusions of CCK-8 resulted in marked pancreatic responses in juice outflow, bicarbonate output, and protein output. Atropine decreased pancreatic response (protein output) to intravenous CCK-8 and markedly inhibited the response (juice flow, bicarbonate, and protein output) to intraduodenal CCK-8. Infusions of CCK-8 did not affect the duration of MMC in the duodenum. Plasma CCK increased significantly after intravenous infusion, but remained unchanged after intraduodenal infusion. In conclusion, CCK-8 can stimulate pancreatic secretion from the duodenal lumen, possibly via a cholinergic mechanism in the calf.     

Helicobacter pylori infection inhibits healing of the wounded duodenal epithelium in vitro

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection causes duodenal ulcers, delays the healing of such ulcers, and is associated with ulcer recurrence. The pathogenic mechanisms involved in Hp-induced duodenal mucosal injury and delay in ulcer healing remain unclear. In this study we sought to investigate the possible pathogenic actions of Hp infection and vacuolating cytotoxin (Vac A) on duodenal epithelial wound healing, using an in vitro wound model consisting of excisionally scraped or eroded IEC-6 duodenal monolayers. Two isogenic strains of Hp were used: wild-type strain 60190, producing Vac A; and an isogenic mutant strain, 60190-v1, that lacks the gene to produce the cytotoxin. The addition of Vac A-positive or Vac A-negative Hp (50:1 ratio of bacterial to epithelial cells) to the eroded or "wounded" IEC-6 monolayers resulted in significant inhibition of wound reepithelialization. The Vac A-positive Hp produced significantly greater inhibition than did the Vac A-negative Hp (70% and 35% inhibition, respectively; P <.001). Additionally, the bacterial supernatant containing Vac A (but not the supernatant lacking the cytotoxin) caused significant inhibition of IEC-6 wound reepithelialization in the absence of Hp infection, indicating that Vac A has an independent inhibitory action on wound reepithelialization. The Vac A inhibition of IEC-6 reepithelialization correlated with down-regulation of actin stress fibers in the migrating cells. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulated IEC-6 wound reepithelialization with a corresponding increase in the formation of actin stress fiber. Vac A-positive bacterial supernatant (but not Vac A-negative supernatant) prevented the EGF-stimulated increase in IEC-6 actin stress fiber formation and wound reepithelialization. These findings demonstrate that Hp infection inhibits the process of duodenal epithelial wound healing. Hp inhibition of duodenal wound healing may therefore be an important pathogenic factor contributing to duodenal mucosal injury and delay in ulcer healing in vivo.     

Trans-PRK联合0.02% MMC对中度近视患者角膜光密度的影响

目的:评价经上皮准分子激光角膜切削术(Trans-PRK)联合0.02%丝裂霉素C(MMC)对中度近视患者角膜光密度的影响。方法:回顾性病例分析。选择我院2021-01/06行Trans-PRK手术治疗的中度近视患者28例56眼,MMC组28眼术中联合使用0.02%MMC 20s;对照组28眼术中未使用MMC。于术前,术后14d, 1、3mo分别使用Pentacam眼前节分析仪测量不同直径范围及不同厚度分层范围内角膜光密度值。结果:MMC组总角膜光密度值术前为16.60(15.70,17.10),术后14d为16.63(15.90,17.50)、术后1mo为16.57(15.10,16.70),术后3mo为16.04(14.60,16.60);对照组总角膜光密度值术前为16.30(15.50,17.30),术后14d为16.20(15.20,17.10)、术后1mo为16.08(14.90,16.40)、术后3mo为15.60(14.60,16.40)。两组患者手术前后以角膜顶点为中心0～2mm直径范围术后14d角膜光密度值较术前升高(P<0.001),在直径2～6mm内术后1、...     

半夏泻心汤对照射引起小肠运动紊乱的调节作用

照后大鼠的小肠移行性综合肌电(MMC)发生紊乱,给与半夏泻心汤治疗后能使MMC恢复正常的周期活动,降低照后大鼠的腹泻发生率(P＜0.01),延长其活存时间(P＜0.01)。表明它对照射引起的大鼠小肠运动紊乱有调节作用。     

封面

目的探讨耐辐射奇球菌(DR)pprI基因对丝裂霉素C(MMC)诱导H9C2心肌细胞损伤的保护作用及机制。 方法细胞分为空白对照组(不干预)、未转染组(MMC处理)、空质粒转染组(pCMV-C-Flag+MMC)与pprI基因转染组(pCMV-C-Flag-pprI+MMC)。CCK-8、抗氧化酶相关试剂盒、TUNEL、JC-1荧光探针和qRT-PCR测定细胞存活率、氧化应激、细胞凋亡率、线粒体损伤、凋亡途径相关基因mRNA的表达。 结果与空白对照组比较,未转染组细胞存活率、线粒体膜电位、B细胞淋巴瘤-2(Bcl-2)mRNA表达下降;氧化应激反应、细胞凋亡率及Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶-9(Caspase-9)、Caspase-3、多腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶(PARP)mRNA表达增加(P＜0.05)。与未转染组比较,pprI基因转染组细胞存活率、线粒体膜电位、Bcl-2 mRNA表达增加;氧化应激反应、细胞凋亡率及Bax、Caspase-9、Caspase-3、PARP mRNA表达下降(P＜0.05)。 结论耐辐射奇球菌pprI基因对丝裂霉素C诱导的H9C2心肌细胞损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与激活线粒体凋亡途径有关。     

Encuesta sobre las preferencias quirúrgicas entre los glaucomatólogos en España

PurposeTo evaluate the spectrum of glaucoma surgery undertaken among members of the Spanish Glaucoma Society (SEG).MethodsA 10 question web-based anonymous survey was mailed through the Annals of the Spanish Glaucoma Society to all its members on January, February and July 2019 to determine their preferred surgical approach.Main outcome measuresAge, type of Glaucoma, surgery undertaken, type of anti-scarring strategy and prothesis introduced for the last 10 surgeries since the survey was received. The surgeon experience was registered in years of practice.ResultsA total of 97 SEG members across the country answered the survey. Sixty-two (63.4%) responders had more than 10 years of experience. Primary open angle glaucoma was the most frequent type of glaucoma (60.6%). The most popular surgery was deep-sclerectomy (37.3%) followed by trabeculectomy (17.6%) and the collagen microshunt (XEN® Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA) (14.1%). Glaucoma drainage device (GDD) was used in 10.5% of the cases. Up to 21.7% of surgeries were reinterventions, where GDD was used in 27.3% and trabeculectomy in 20.3% of the cases. Glaucoma surgery was combined with phacoemulsification in 47.3% of the eyes. Mitomycin C (MMC) was used in 54.8% of the cases, collagen matrix (Ologen®, Aeon Astron Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan) was used alone in 8.2% of the cases and in 13.7% combined with MMC. MMC was used in a soaked sponge in 79% of cases (concentrations of 0.02% in 99% and 0.04% in 1%) and in 21% of cases MMC was injected subconjunctivally (concentrations of 0.01% in 81% and 0.02% in 19%).ConclusionsAlthough the glaucoma surgeon performs a wide range of surgical techniques, deep sclerectomy remains the most widely used surgical technique in Spain. Combined cataract and glaucoma surgery is performed almost in half of the patients and MMC is the most frequently selected antifibrotic agent, alone or combined with collagen matrix. The new minimal invasive surgical techniques represent the 20% of the total.