小梁切除巩膜层间隧道房水引流术与MMC治疗难治性青光眼分析

目的 探讨小梁切除巩膜层问隧道房水引流术与MMC治疗难治性青光眼的临床效果.方法 采用随机对照的方法,将103例108只眼难治性青光眼随机分为两组,隧道组51例53只眼,采用小梁切除巩膜层间隧道房水引流加MMC进行手术治疗;小梁组52例55只眼,采用传统的小梁切除术加MMC.观察术后视力、眼压、滤过泡、手术成功率、并发症等情况.术后随访1～24个月.结果 两组术后1个月视力比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后12个月时光感至0.1、0.7至1.0有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组各时段眼压比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).功能性滤过泡分布情况各时期均有统计学意义(P<0.05) .手术成功率12个月、24个月时两种比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05) .结论 小梁切除巩膜层间隧道房水引流术加MMC治疗难治性青光眼,术式简单易行,效果稳定可靠,手术成功率高,是治疗难治性青光眼较为理想的术式.     

丝裂霉素C与青光眼滤过泡并发症的相关关系

目的分析小梁切除术中应用丝裂霉素C(mitomycin-C,MMC)与青光眼滤过泡相关并发症的关系。方法对31例36只眼在小梁切除术中应用了MMC而导致的滤过泡相关并发症的患眼进行临床分析,分析其滤过泡形态、眼压、视力的改变和黄斑水肿的发生及与术中MMC的浓度、放置时间、放置部位之间的关系。结果31例36只眼中发生滤过泡渗漏11只眼、滤过泡感染1只眼、巨大薄壁滤过泡7只眼、单纯薄壁滤过泡7只眼、低眼压合并黄斑囊样水肿10眼;并发症的发生时间平均(1724±2000)m;平均视力下降2行以上;并发症的发生与MMC放置的位置显著相关,与时间呈正相关,与浓度无关;眼压下降与MMC浓度呈负相关。结论小梁切除术后滤过泡并发症的发生与MMC的应用密切相关,结膜瓣下与巩膜瓣下同时放置、放置时间长者比较容易发生并发症;高浓度者容易造成低眼压。     

Genotoxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB 153, 138, 101, 118) in a fish cell line (RTG-2)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent pollutants in aquatic environments, often causing the decline or disappearance of wild populations. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effects of some PCBs (PCB153 (2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl) and 138 (2,2′,3,4,4′,5′-hexachloro-biphenyl), both non-dioxin-like compounds, and the pentachlorobiphenyls PCB118 (2,3′,4,4′,5-) and 101 (2,2′,4′,5,5′-), the former an ortho-substituted, low-affinity dioxin-like compound and the latter a non-coplanar congener classified as non-dioxin-like) in fish cells (RTG-2). These congeners are mostly present in surface waters and in edible aquatic organisms and the loss of DNA integrity in vitro serves as a sensitive biomarker of cytogenetic alterations and is considered as an initial step for the identification of genotoxic effects.The alkaline comet assay and the micronucleus test show clear genotoxic damage after short and longer exposure (2 and 24 h) to maximum soluble, non-cytotoxic doses, evident sooner with PCBs 101 and 118. Oxidative stress situations involving ROS release, reduction in total GSH, lipid peroxidation and alteration to superoxide dismutase, seen after exposure with all the congeners, though with different kinetics, seem the most likely explanation for the genotoxic damage. This appears to be confirmed by the modified comet assay (pH 10) for detection of oxidized bases using endonuclease III. The increased generation of intracellular ROS might explain the apoptosis seen after treatment with the single PCBs and evaluated on the basis of the rise in 3-7 caspase activity. Therefore both the non-coplanar, non-dioxin-like PCBs (153, 138, 101) and the low-affinity dioxin-like compound PCB118 cause evident genotoxic damage, probably as a consequence of oxidative stress.     

光凝虹膜联合小梁切除及应用丝裂霉素治疗新生血管性青光眼

目的评价氩绿激光行虹膜及前房角新生血管光凝联合小梁切除术,术中应用丝裂霉素C(MMC)治疗新生血管性青光眼的疗效。方法对28例(28眼)新生血管性青光眼先用氩激光对虹膜及前房角小梁网新生血管进行直接覆盖光凝,观察新生血管闭塞萎缩后,行小梁切除术联合术中应用0.2mg/ml MMC,术后观察降眼压效果、结膜滤过泡情况、眼前节炎症反应及其它手术并发症;随访时间为6～24个月。结果 28例术后第1周平均眼压(10.52±3.16)mm Hg较术前平均眼压(48.36±5.87)mm Hg明显降低(t=14.86,P=0.000),随访时眼压控制良好,平均(17.48±3.23)mm Hg,仅3例需用药物控制,术后眼压较治疗前有显著意义的降低(P<0.01)。23例结膜滤过泡弥散隆起,4例较为扁平,1例结膜切口II期愈合;6个月后功能性滤过泡存在有21例(21/28)。术中6例少量前房出血,术后2例继发少量前房出血。新生血管在术后早期全部消退,3月后出现3例(3/28);余无其它严重并发症发生。结论氩激光联合小梁切除术加术中应用丝裂霉素C是治疗新生血管性青光眼的一种有效方法。     

小鼠着床后全胚胎培养方法的建立和应用

本文报导昆明种小鼠着床后全胚胎培养方法。通过体内外自身对比以及对阳性对照物ＭＭＣ的试验观察，表明所建方法是成功的。用该方法法对已知动物致畸物敌枯双的试验结果显示，敌枯双可诱致明显的畸形等发育毒性。该方法的建立为今后开展致畸研究提供了另一种手段。     

人参茎叶总皂甙对遗传物质损伤的修复作用及其时间效应

本研究通过微核试验证明：给小鼠腹腔注射丝裂霉素Ｃ（ＭＭＣ）后，再给予人参茎叶总皂甙（ｇｉｎｅｓｅｎｏｓｉｄｅｓＧＮＳｉ．ｇｏｒｉ．Ｐ），可明显降低０．５、１．００ｍｇ／ｋｇＭＭＣ诱发的小鼠骨髓细胞微核率；时间效应试验证明；在诱变剂作用前，给予小鼠ＧＮＳ，降低微核细胞率效果更好，以作用４８ｈ效果最佳。     

Evidence for the involvement of 5-HT4 receptors in the 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced pattern of migrating myoelectric complex in sheep

1. The effects induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on gastrointestinal myoelectric activity in conscious sheep were recorded through electrodes chronically implanted and analysed by computer. The 5-HT receptors and the cholinergic neuronal pathways involved in these actions were investigated.
2. The intravenous (i.v.) administration of 5-HT (2, 4 and 8 μg kg⁻¹ min⁻¹, 5 min) induced an antral inhibition concomitant with a duodenal activity front that migrated to the jejunum, followed by a period of intestinal inactivity. This myoelectric pattern closely resembled that observed in the phases III and I of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) in sheep. The 0.5 μg kg⁻¹ min⁻¹ dose evoked the same pattern in only two out of the six animals used. Likewise, the 1 μg kg⁻¹ min⁻¹ dose similarly affected four of the six animals. In addition, a transient stimulation was observed in the antrum and jejunum when the two highest doses were used.
3. The 5-HT₁ antagonist, methiothepin (0.1 mg kg⁻¹), the 5-HT₂ antagonists, ritanserin (0.1 mg  kg⁻¹) and ketanserin (0.3 mg  kg⁻¹), the 5-HT₃ antagonists, granisetron (0.2 mg kg⁻¹) and ondansetron (0.5 mg kg⁻¹), as well as the 5-HT₄ antagonist, {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"GR113808","term_id":"238362519","term_text":"GR113808"}}GR113808 (0.2 mg kg⁻¹), did not modify the spontaneous gastrointestinal myoelectric activity. However, the cholinoceptor antagonists, atropine (0.2 mg kg⁻¹) and hexamethonium (2 mg kg⁻¹), inhibited gastrointestinal activity.
4. When these antagonists were injected i.v. 10 min before 5-HT (2 or 4 μg kg⁻¹ min⁻¹, 5 min), only {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"GR113808","term_id":"238362519","term_text":"GR113808"}}GR113808, atropine and hexamethonium were able to modify the 5-HT-induced actions, all of them being completely blocked by the three antagonists.
5. Our data show that 5-HT initiates a MMC-like pattern in the gastrointestinal area in sheep through 5-HT₄ receptors. Furthermore, these actions are mediated by cholinergic neural pathways involving muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. However, our results do not indicate a role for either 5-HT₁, 5-HT₂ or 5-HT₃ receptors in the 5-HT-induced effects.

     

肝癌导向治疗的临床研究(1980～1999年临床研究总结)

目的　探讨核素 (或药物 ) 抗AFP抗体、1 31 I或 (1 2 5I) 抗AFP(AFP .McAb或AFPAb) MMC“双弹头”、1 2 5I LUF标记物治疗原发性肝癌病人的治疗效果及毒副反应。方法　 1 用改良氯胺T法将纯化AFP抗体标记核素1 31 I或1 2 5I获得标记物1 31 I(或1 2 5) 抗AFP抗体 ;用改良氨胺T法和过碘酸钠氧化法标记核素1 31 I或1 2 5I与MMC制备“双弹头” :1 31 I 抗AFP单抗 (AFP .McAb) MMC(称双弹头I)和1 31 I(或1 2 5I) 抗AFP多抗 (AFPAb) MMC(称双弹头Ⅱ ) ;催化置换反应制备1 2 5I 超液化碘油 (1 2 5I LUF) ;2 治疗后行肿瘤放射免疫定位显像 ;3 治疗 :1 94例进入临床试验 :1 31 I 抗AFP(n =72 ) ,1 2 5I 抗AFP(n =2 2 ) ,抗癌药 抗AFP(n =2 1 ) ,1 31 I或1 2 5I 抗AFP MMC(n =41 ) ,1 2 5I LUF(n =38)。结果　 1 治疗后病人瘤 /肝 (T/L)比值 ,以1 2 5I LUF(3 46) >双弹头 (2 2 6) >单一弹头 (1 5～ 2 5) ,T/L以ia途径 >iv ;2 早期研究的病例晚期者居多 ,1 31 I 抗AFP、1 2 5I 抗AFP和双弹头Ⅰ、Ⅱ治后 1年存率分别为 33 3 % (2 2 / 66)、47 1 % (8/ 1 7)和 58 5 % (2 4 / 4 1 ) ,以抗癌药 抗AFP最低 (1 9 0 % ) ,而1 2 5I LUF则高达 81 6 % (31 / 38) ,其中 1 8例加外照射者为 1 0 0 % (1 8/ 1 8)     

丝烈霉素C诱发小白鼠骨髓细胞姐妹染色单体互换和染色体畸变

丝裂霉素C(MMc)诱导的姐妹染色单体互换(SCE)可反映出细胞DMA损伤修复的基本过程。有关MMC诱发活体的SCE研究不多。本实验目的,就是探讨MMC诱发小白鼠骨髓细胞SCE的剂量—效应关系,并对SCE指标与染色体畸变指标,在检测机体DNA损伤上的差异作一比较研究。结果证明,MMC诱发染色体畸变能办远低于诱发SCE的能力,MMC可诱发小白鼠骨髓细胞SCE产生,SCE值随MMC剂量的增加而增加。SCE即使在低剂量诱变剂的作用下也是敏感的。     

THP和MMC膀胱内灌注治疗浅表性膀胱癌疗效观察

目的评价吡柔比星（THP）、丝裂霉素C（MMC）两种药物膀胱灌注治疗浅表性膀胱癌的不同疗效。方法将64例浅表性膀胱癌随机分为两组,分别用THP和MMC作膀胱灌注治疗药物,观察其不同疗效。结果所有病例随访3～24个月,平均14个月。THP组复发率11.76%（4/34）,MMC组复发率23.33%（7/30）,差别具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 THP膀胱灌注防治浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的疗效优于MMC,可作为临床一线用药。