Burnout intervention among Dutch dentists: long-term effects

The aim of the present study was to determine the long-term effects of a burnout-intervention program among Dutch dentists using a longitudinal design. Using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Dutch version: MBI-NL), at the initial measurement in 1997 a 'burnout risk group' (n = 171) was identified. This group received feedback on their scores and was invited to participate in an intervention program. Of the total group. 19 dentists participated in an intervention program. After the end of the intervention program, 92 dentists (the 19 participants and a control group) responded to a post-intervention survey in 1998. These dentists were approached once more 1 yr later, and this time 78 dentists (84.8%) returned a questionnaire. While demonstrating an improvement on all subscales of the MBI-NL at the first post-test, results show that the program participants showed a relapse at the second post-test. Controls who took action on their own initiative, on the other hand, reported a beneficial effect in the long run. Finally, controls that did not take any preventive action showed little or no progress. Possible causes for these findings are discussed, including the influence of coping style. perceived control, confounding factors, demand characteristics, and the necessity of post-intervention follow-up.     

中文版工作疲溃感问卷在中国护理人员中的测试研究

目的测试中文版工作疲溃感问卷(Maslach Burnout Inventory,MBI)在中国护理人员中使用的信度和效度,为中国护理人员工作疲溃感的测评提供有效工具。方法翻译国外的工作疲溃感问卷,将所形成的中文版问卷在476名护士中使用,评价其信度和效度。结果因子分析结果显示,情绪疲倦感、工作冷漠感、工作成就感3个维度的条目因素负荷与原量表结构基本一致;全量表同质信度为0.823,3个维度Cronbach's a系数在0.770~0.888之间;重测信度在0.806~0.887之间;其中各条目与其所属维度之间相关较强,而与其他维度相关较弱;独立样本t检验证实量表区分效度好。结论工作疲溃感问卷中文版信度及效度较好,符合心理测量学要求。     

早期心理干预对首发老年脑卒中后抑郁患者康复的影响

目的 探讨早期心理干预对首发老年脑卒中后抑郁患者康复的影响,为临床干预提供依据.方法 将100例首发老年脑卒中后抑郁患者随机分为康复组和对照组,每组50例.两组均根据病情给予神经内科常规治疗,康复组在此基础上于入院1周内开展心理干预.观察3个月.于治疗前及治疗1个月、2个月及3个月末采用汉密顿抑郁量表、改良Barthe...     

Association of intracerebral bone fragments and epilepsy in missile head injuries

Twenty young adults sustained missile injuries in the Lebanese war. They underwent repeated clinical electroencephalographical (EEG), computerised tomography scanning (CT-scan) and polysomnographic (PSG) examinations during a 6-year period. All the patients were young adult males with an average age of 23, previously healthy according to their army profiles. Three of 20 developed between 3 to 14 months following injury generalised tonic-clonic convulsions. The unique common epileptogenic feature characterising the 3 epileptics was the presence of bone fragments in lacerated brain tissue. The possible causal relationship between the presence of the bone fragments and epileptogenesis is discussed.     

The risk to nurses of developing burnout syndrome

^aCollege of Higher Education for Health Professions in östergötland ABSTRACT In order to get information on the risk to nurses of developing burnout syndrome an interview was carried out with 69 nurses from a large hospital and 28 nurses from a small hospital. Particular attention was paid to the following questions in the questionnaire: Does burnout occur among nurses on a short-stay hospital ward? Is the risk of burnout associated with any particular field of medicine? Does the service as a nurse, hours on duty or rank have any significance? Does the size of the hospital have any influence? Are there any ways of preventing burnout? The questions were asked to establish the presence of a psychical, physical, social and emotional type in addition to factors from the MBI scale. The results showed that nurses risk developing burnout regardless of age, period of service, hours on duty, rank, or field of medicine. The nurse's personality is apparently of relevance but the determinant for burnout development is how different stressors affect the individual. Some methods are proposed whereby the nurses can better cope with the stressors. However, these methods are certainly insufficient and further research is important to define more clearly the principles by which the development of burnout syndrome can be prevented.     

The Impact of Leisure Participation on Mental Health for Older People with Depression: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT

Aims: This systematic review aimed to discover whether participation in individually chosen leisure activities improved mental health for people aged over 65 who have depression. Methods: Twenty-six potentially relevant studies were identified from an electronic database review. Of these 12 met the inclusion criteria and scope of the review. Results: The current evidence base is relatively small, and includes a diversity of subject groups, subject situations, and study designs. In all cases, participants were either directed to choose from a number of leisure activities, or provided with a pre-designed program that did not allow for individual choice. Conclusion: Currently, there is insufficient evidence available to determine whether participation in individually chosen leisure activities improves mental health for people aged over 65 who have depression.     

针刺配合康复训练治疗脑卒中上肢功能障碍的队列研究

目的:探讨针刺配合康复训练对脑卒中上肢功能障碍患者神经功能特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、硫化氢(H_2S)、神经营养因子(NGF)与脑血管动力学的影响。方法:选取2016年5月至2017年10月空军军医大学唐都医院收治的脑卒中上肢功能障碍患者198例进行回顾性分析。将患者分为针刺配合康复训练治疗观察组100例,单纯依靠康复训练治疗对照组98例。比较与分析2组治疗前后的NSE、H_2S、NGF与脑血管动力学等。结果:观察组治疗后NSE(12. 36±6. 35)μg/L,H_2S(52. 19±3. 77)μmol/L,NGF(152. 94±32. 67) pg/m L。对照组治疗后NSE (16. 28±7. 45)μg/L,H_2S (36. 67±6. 95)μmol/L,NGF(129. 81±33. 02) pg/m L。观察组治疗后颈动脉血流速度平均值(V_(mean))(26. 45±3. 79) cm/s,血流量(Q_(mean))(18. 52±3. 32) cm~3/s,外周阻力(RV)(82. 37±22. 39) k Pa·s/m,舒张压与临界压差值(DP)(0. 45±0. 08) k Pa. s/m,动态阻力(DR)(32. 36±10. 08) k Pa。对照组治疗后V_(mean)(19. 86±3. 73) cm/s,Q_(mean)(14. 79±2. 72) cm3/s,RV(95. 31±30. 45)k Pa·s/m,DP(0. 63±0. 14) k Pa·s/m,DR(42. 37±9. 67) k Pa。观察组治疗前FMA评分为(38. 41±7. 52)分,治疗后FMA评分为(54. 61±5. 34)分,改善值(16. 22±6. 46)分。MBI指数治疗前为(36. 75±6. 87),治疗后为(60. 33±12. 73),改善值为(23. 58±9. 34)。观察组中医证候积分治疗前(16. 52±0. 68)和治疗后(4. 60±0. 22)。对照组中医证候积分治疗前(16. 95±0. 83)分和治疗后(8. 72±0. 27)分。结论:针刺配合康复训练能够有效的帮助脑卒中上肢功能障碍患者的恢复神经功能,加速脑血管血流速度,减少压强阻力,从而达到治疗患者上肢及手功能,恢复日常生活活动能力的效果。     

Apathy associated with neurocognitive disorders: Recent progress and future directions

Introduction

Apathy is common in neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) such as Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Although the definition of apathy is inconsistent in the literature, apathy is primarily defined as a loss of motivation and decreased interest in daily activities.

Burnout among Lebanese Oncologists: Prevalence and Risk Factors

Background: Burnout syndrome (BOS) is defined as a work-related psychological state characterized by emotionalexhaustion, depersonalization, and low sense of personal accomplishment. Despite the extensive data on physicianburnout, studies assessing the prevalence of burnout among oncologists in the Middle East and especially Lebanon arelacking. Our main objective was to determine this prevalence as well as identify potential factors associated with thedevelopment of burnout. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among medical, surgical, and radiationoncologists attending several Continuing Medical Education (CME) activities in Lebanon over the course of a threemonth period. Participants were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire composed of socio-demographicand work characteristics, as well as the Maslach Burnout Inventory- Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS). Results: A totalof 51 oncologists completed the survey. Medical oncologists constituted the majority (84.3%), followed by surgicaloncologists (9.8%) and radiation oncologists (5.9%). Approximately 47.1% of our sample had a high burnout level in atleast one of the domains. 33.3% of oncologists exhibited high emotional exhaustion (EE) scores, 19.6% demonstratedlow personal accomplishment (PA) scores, and 13.7% displayed high depersonalization (DP) scores. There was nostatistically significant association between overall burnout level and any of the demographic or work characteristics.However, age was significantly associated with EE (p=0.03), while DP scores were significantly associated with thenumber of patients seen daily (p=0.028). Conclusion: Burnout is common among cancer professionals in Lebanon.Future research is needed to explore the problem in depth and suggest effective preventive approaches.     

纳络酮对血管性痴呆认知功能改善的临床观察

目的：观察纳络酮治疗血管性痴呆后对认知功能改善的作用。方法：将72例血管性痴呆患者随机分为纳络酮治疗组和常规药物治疗组，治疗前和治疗后2周、5周分别进行MMSE和MBI评分，进行对比分析。结果：两组治疗后MBI评分比治疗前提高，但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组治疗2周后MMSE评分对照无明显提高（P〉0．05），治疗组显著提高（P〈0．05），但与对照组治疗后比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），5周后两组与治疗前比较，对照组具有统计学意义（P〈0.05），治疗组具有统计学意义（P〈0．01），且与对照组治疗后比较，差异亦有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：应用纳络酮治疗血管性痴呆可显著提高MMSE评分，改善认知功能，作用快，安全，疗效显著。