急性心肌梗死时血清心脏肌钙蛋白Ⅰ的测定及临床意义

目的：测定急性心肌梗死（AMI）病人血清肌钙蛋白I（cTnI)和肌酸激酶同功酶（CK－MB）水平,以探讨其诊断AMI价值。方法：采用微粒子化学发光法,对21例AMI患,30例陈旧性心肌梗死患（OMI）和21例健康（对照组）进行血清cTnI,CK-MB测定,并对AMI患胸痛发生3－6小时,2天,3－6天,7－10天,11－14天共五个时段了测定。结果：AMI患发病早期cTnI,CK-MB阳性率均为90．5％,特异性分别为100％,78．4％,二比较有显差异（P＜0．01）。AMI患中各项指标的动态测定显示：在AMI发生早期,cTnI和CK－MB都有显升高,AMI 2天内cTnI和CK－MB阳性率分别为95．2％,90．5％。随时间推移而逐渐下降,3－6天,cTnI阳性率仍达90．5％,而后已按近正常,11－14天时血清中仍有cTnI的持续存在。结论：cTnI对诊断AMI具有高度特异性和敏感性,且诊断窗口时间较长,血清cTnI检测优于CK－MB。     

蛛网膜下腔出血后的早期心脏异常

约50%～70%的患者在蛛网膜下腔出血后会继发心脏异常,而心脏异常又会加重脑组织缺血缺氧,可能还会促进迟发性缺血缺氧性脑病的发生.很多研究人员借助心电图、心脏彩超和血清心肌酶检测来观察这种变化的临床特征、持续时间及其与预后的关系.文章就蛛网膜下腔出血早期心脏异常的原因以及心电图、心脏彩超和心肌酶谱改变的临床特征方面的研究进展做一综述.     

用双位点单抗免疫酶法测定CK—MB质量

应用免疫单抗ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定ＣＫ－ＭＢ的质量，与免疫抑制法及电泳法进行了比较，其准确性和精密性均符合临床要求。急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）２５份血标本测定结果与免疫抑制法相关方程为Ｙ＝１．０７７Ｘ－４．３，ｒ＝０．９９６，免疫酶法比免疫抑制法更具有特异性。     

中药穴位敷贴对小鼠实验性病毒性心肌炎的疗效观察

为研究中药穴位敷贴治疗病毒性心肌炎的疗效，将小鼠以CVB3病毒感染制成病毒性心肌炎模型后，随机分为对照组与治疗组。治疗组用中药（黄芪、沙参、党参、丹参、冰片）穴位敷贴，对照组不加以治疗，30d后分别观察小鼠心肌组织病理学改变和超微结构改变并检测血清中CK－MB含量。结果：治疗组小鼠心肌组织病理改变及超微结构改变均较对照组减轻，血清CK－MB含量明显低于对照组（P＜0．05）。提示中药穴位敷贴对病毒性心肌炎有一定疗效。     

The baby MB case: medical decision making in the context of uncertain infant suffering

The recent MB case involved a dispute between an infant's parents and his medical team about the appropriateness of continued life support. The dispute reflected uncertainty about two key factors that inform medical decision making for seriously ill infants: both the amount of pain MB experiences and the extent of his cognitive capacities are uncertain. Uncertainty of this order makes decision making in accordance with the best-interests principle very problematic. This article addresses two of the problems that cases such as that of MB pose for those charged with making medical decisions for infants. First, the question of the moral significance of the interest in avoiding pain is considered. It is claimed that this interest can be outweighed by higher-order interests such as those related to autonomy but that where such higher-order interests do not exist, the interest in avoiding pain should be prioritised. Second, the question of how to proceed in cases in which the level of pain or the extent of an infant's higher-order interests cannot be decisively established is considered. It is suggested that when genuine uncertainty over the interests of an infant exists, parental views about treatment should prevail.     

Clinical significance of incomplete tricuspid valve closure seen on two-dimensional echocardiography

Incomplete closure of the tricuspid valve without apparent cusp disease was noted on two-dimensional echocardiography in 31 patients. This abnormality was defined as a failure of the tricuspid valve leaflet tips to reach the plane of the tricuspid valve anulus by at least 1 cm in the standard apical four chamber view at the point of maximal systolic closure. This resulted in a final systolic leaflet position deeper within the right ventricular cavity than is normally seen. The finding was present in the following diagnostic subgroups: Group A, pulmonary hypertension (11 patients); Group B, rheumatic heart disease (4 patients); Group C, dilated cardiomyopathy (9 patients) and Group D, previous myocardial infarction (7 patients). Right atrial, right ventricular and tricuspid anulus measurements were made and compared with those from a group of 67 normal subjects. The results were as follows: right atrial endsystolic area = 27.2 +/- 8.6 cm2 (normal = 13.4 +/- 2.0); right ventricular end-systolic area = 25.6 +/- 8.7 cm2 (normal = 10.9 +/- 2.9); right ventricular end-diastolic area = 31.5 +/- 9.1 cm2 (normal = 20.1 +/- 4.9) and tricuspid valve anular end-systolic dimension = 4.0 +/- 0.6 cm (normal = 2.2 +/- 0.3). The differences from the normal data were all statistically significant (p less than 0.001). Incomplete closure of the tricuspid valve, although a nonspecific diagnostic finding, is primarily associated with right-sided chamber enlargement. Tricuspid regurgitation may be present. The mechanism could be related to geometric changes in valve apparatus dynamics secondary to right-sided cardiac enlargement and tricuspid valve anular dilation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Pharmacokinetics of antiarrhythmic drugs.

A knowledge of the determinants of the plasma concentrations of antiarrhythmic drugs is important because variation in plasma levels is often greater than the desired therapeutic range. The basic principles of pharmacokinetics are outlined and their application to the design of dosage regimens described. These principles are illustrated in a review of the pharmacokinetics of lidocaine and its congeners, procainamide and its active metabolite (N-acetylprocainamide), quindine, disopyramide, phenytoin and propranolol, with particular emphasis of the factors that contribute to altered disposition.     

Imprecision of cardiac marker analyses among laboratories on the basis of external quality assurance results: Finnish experience

The purpose of this report was to evaluate the reproducibility and harmonization of cardiac marker tests and to describe the current situation concerning quality of assays for cardiac markers on the basis of the results of the external quality control schemes (EQAS) of Labquality Ltd., Helsinki, Finland in the period 2002 to 2005. Finnish EQAS surveys obtained for proficiency samples at low marker concentration indicated that the overall coefficient of variation (CV) between laboratories for CK‐MBmass and troponin I exceeded 10?%, while for cardiac troponin T the CV was 8.6?%. Intra‐laboratory reproducibility was investigated in a single laboratory using concomitant testing in the same EDTA plasma samples to establish cut‐off limits for one CK‐MBmass and three troponin assays. The 10?% imprecision limit obtained from the concomitant testing in the same samples for CK‐MBmass was (by Elecsys®) 8.5?µg/L, for cardiac troponin T (by Elecsys®) 0.023?µg/L and for cardiac troponin I (by AxSYM® and by Immulite® 2000) 0.85?µg/L and 0.63?µg/L. At present, it is recommended that laboratories determine the concentration at which the 10?% imprecision for a specific cardiac marker assay is reached, because the assays generally do not reach that imprecision at the level of the 99th percentile value, usually taken as decisional level. However, common efforts of scientific societies and professional diagnostic industry associations internationally are needed if consensus is to be reached on standardization of immunoassays for cardiac markers and uniform results obtained among laboratories.