某平板电脑显示模组项目职业病危害控制效果评价

目的为预防控制职业病危害、保护劳动者健康,对某平板电脑显示模组生产企业进行职业病危害控制效果评价。方法采用职业卫生调查、职业健康检查、职业卫生检测和检查表等方法对某平板电脑显示模组项目进行职业病危害定性和定量评价。对无接触限值、无检测方法的物质进行风险评估。结果该项目存在的职业病危害因素为：甲苯、甲醇、丙酮、丁酮、环己酮、甲缩醛、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺（DMAA）、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氟化氢、乙酸、粉尘（其他粉尘）、矽尘、噪声、高温、工频电场、激光等。噪声合格率为84.4%,其余各种职业病危害因素检测结果均符合国家卫生标准。结论该建设项目职业病危害较重,针对各职业病危害因素采取了相应的防护措施,产生的职业病危害因素可得到预防和控制。     

The pharmacokinetics of the effervescent vs. conventional tramadol/paracetamol fixed-dose combination tablet in patients after total gastric resection

BackgroundTramadol/paracetamol is a fixed-dose combination prescribed for the relief of moderate to severe pain. The combination acts synergistically and guarantees the rapid onset of paracetamol and the prolonged analgesic effect of tramadol with good tolerability. These drugs are often used in various formulations in the treatment of patients with postoperative pain, e.g. after stomach resection. Gastrectomy leads to pathophysiological changes within the alimentary tract, which may affect the process of drug absorption. The aim of the research was an analysis of the pharmacokinetics of tramadol/paracetamol from effervescent and conventional tablets in patients after total gastrectomy.MethodsThe research was carried out on patients after gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. The patients received two tramadol/paracetamol fixed-dose combination tablets in a single orally administered dose of 75/650 mg (2 × 37.5/325 mg). The patients were subjected to one of the two study drug group with: I. effervescent tablet (ET) (n = 14; mean [SD] age, 63.4 [10.1] years; weight, 75.5 [15.3] kg; and BMI, 26.0 [4.6] kg/m²) and II. conventional tablet (CT) (n = 12; mean [SD] age, 66.8 [7.7] years; weight, 79.8 [17.8] kg; and BMI, 27.4 [5.3] kg/m²). Blood samples were collected within 10 h after the drug administration. The plasma concentrations of tramadol and paracetamol were measured with validated HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) method with UV detection.ResultsThe comparison of the paracetamol and tramadol C_max ratio for the ET group with that of the CT group gave ratios of 1.16 [90% confidence interval (CI) 1.06, 1.27] and 0.86 (90% CI 0.72, 1.02), respectively. The comparison of the paracetamol and tramadol AUC_0–t ratio for the ET group with that of the CT group showed ratios of 0.99 (90% CI 0.88, 1.10) and 1.00 (90% CI 0.82, 1.22), respectively. The comparison of the difference for the effervescent and conventional formulation gave an estimated decrease in t_max of 0.5 h for paracetamol and 0.13 h for tramadol.ConclusionsIn view of the changes in the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol and tramadol in the patients after gastric resection for both formulations compared the conventional tablet seems to be more appropriate due to the comparable rate of absorption of both substances, higher concentrations of tramadol and comparable exposure to paracetamol.     

健脾止遗片对儿童遗尿症的临床疗效观察

目的验证健脾止遗片对儿童遗尿症的治疗作用。方法将诊断为脾肺气虚型遗尿症的412例患儿,随机分为2组,治疗组309例,采用健脾止遗片治疗,对照组103例,采用遗尿停胶囊治疗,2周为1个疗程。治疗4个疗程后,统计分析疗效。结果治疗组临床痊愈率43．67％,总有效率91．33％;对照组临床痊愈率36．00％,总有效率90．00％,组问比较,治疗组疗效优于对照组（P〉0．05）;在改善睡中遗尿、尿频量多方面,治疗组疗效优于对照组（P〉0．05）。结论健脾止遗片对脾肺气虚型儿童遗尿症具有显著的治疗作用,尤其在改善睡中遗尿、尿频量多方面具有较好的疗效。     

HPLC法测定降压避风片中优降宁的含量

目的建立降压避风片中优降宁的高效液相色谱法含量测定方法.方法采用Eclipse XDB- C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)反相柱,流动相:甲醇-0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢铵溶液(磷酸调pH值为2～3)(17: 83),流速为1.0 ml/min,检测波长210 nm.结果优降宁在0.502～5.522 μg的范围内线性关系良好,r=0.99995,加样回收率为99.16%.结论本方法操作简便,方法准确,快捷,可用于降压避风片及其生产过程中的质量控制.     

脑梗死后神经细胞黏附分子的动态变化及滋补肝肾复方复健片的干预效应

[目的]观察复健片在不同时间点对脑梗死大鼠脑组织神经细胞黏附分子表达的影响,探讨其促进神经功能恢复的作用机制.[方法] 240只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、假手术组、模型组和药物组共4个大组,并根据脑梗死病程每组又分为3、7、14、28、42 d共5个亚组,每个亚组动物数为12只.用改良的Longa EZ法制备大脑中动脉阻塞大鼠模型,药物组灌胃给予复健片水溶液,余各组分别灌胃给予同剂量的蒸馏水.用免疫组织化学法观察模型大鼠梗死周边区脑组织神经细胞黏附分子的表达.[结果]模型组大鼠脑梗死后脑内的神经细胞黏附分子(NCAM)表达逐渐增高,在28 d时达到高峰,后逐渐下降,其与正常对照组各时相比较有非常显著性差异(P<0.01).药物组在3 d时出现高表达,14 d时其表达达到高峰,持续至28 d时开始下降,药物组的NCAM表达与模型组同时间点比较有非常显著性差异(P<0.01).[结论]复健片可增加NCAM的表达,有助于轴突生长和靶向迁移,促进神经功能恢复.     

HPLC测定甲亢散结片中芍药苷的含量

目的:建立测定甲亢散结片中芍药苷含量的方法.方法:采用HPLC,以Agaent Eclipse XDB-C18为分析柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水(20:80),检测波长230mm.结果:芍药苷在0.04～0.48μg线性关系良好(r=0.999 4),平均回收率为95.85%,RSD为1.32%(n=6).结论:本方法简便、快速、分离度好,可用于甲亢散结片的质量控制.     

化痔片的抗炎镇痛及抗直肠溃疡作用

目的:考察化痔片的抗炎镇痛及抗直肠溃疡作用。方法:采用二甲苯涂耳致小鼠耳肿胀法,新鲜蛋清致大鼠后足踝关节肿胀法,醋酸致小鼠扭体法,小鼠热板致痛舔后足法,金黄色葡萄球菌合并外力损伤致家兔直肠溃疡法,考察化痔片的作用。结果:化痔片对二甲苯致小鼠的耳肿胀和新鲜蛋清致大鼠的足肿胀急性炎症有显著的抑制作用;对醋酸致小鼠扭体及热板致小鼠后足烫痛均有显著的镇痛作用;对金黄色葡萄球菌合并外力损伤致家兔直肠的溃疡有明显改善作用。结论:化痔片具有良好的抗炎、镇痛及抗直肠溃疡作用。     

新癀片在骨伤科疾病临床应用的研究进展

检索近23年涉及新癀片的医学期刊文章155篇,其中涉及骨伤科疾病临床应用的论文共28篇,其病种包括痛风性关节炎、软组织损伤、骨性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、类风湿关节炎等,给药方式除传统的口服给药外,还可加蜜、醋、酒、鸡蛋清等调和外敷经皮局部吸收。     

Comparison of tablet splitting techniques for dosing accuracy of nebivolol tablets: Hand splitting versus tablet cutter and knife

Tablet splitting is a common practice in clinical settings to lower doses, facilitate swallowing or save costs. Splitting devices can be used when hand splitting is difficult or painful. However, data on the accuracy of tablet splitting are limited and it presents a number of patient or formulation-related problems. Thirty nebivolol IR tablets on the Turkish market were split by hand, a tablet cutter (Rabır®) or a knife, and tested for weight variation, loss of mass, disintegration, and friability. The accuracy of split tablets was in the range of 75.4–121, 82.4–115, and 86.9–115% when split by hand, the cutter, and knife, respectively. No significant difference in accuracy was determined between the left and right sides split by the cutter (p = 0.222). The differences were significant for hand and knife splittings (p < 0.005). The precision was 9.02, 7.87, and 6.11% (CV%) for hand, tablet cutter, and knife, respectively. Only hand splitting failed to comply with the subdivision test of European Pharmacopoeia. The split portions met USP standards for friability (<1%). Splitting decreased the disintegration time (4.5 vs. 2.2 min). Overall, the accuracy of the tablet cutter was more favorable than hand splitting and knife. The study demonstrated that the splitting technique may result in inaccurate dosing and significant drug fluctuations for nebivolol tablets.