胸部螺旋CT扫描技术及临床应用

作者采用了不同的人体体模和临床应用实验，对常规和螺旋ＣＴ扫描进行了比较研究。结果显示：与常规ＣＴ比较，螺旋ＣＴ图像无失真，变形。分辨率略差于常规ＣＴ。改变扫描条件和床速，图像质量无明显改变。改变扫描图像数学处理模式后，分辨率有所增加，但螺旋扫描仍冰及常规扫描。在临床应用上，螺旋扫描有许多优点。如何采用一次屏气技术，对病人某一脏器检查只需一次连续扫描。扫描速度快，不易产生运动伪影，所选脏器的扫描无盲     

系统性红斑狼疮的肺胸膜损害

分析了系统性红斑狼疮并肺、胸膜损害30例,胸膜改变占首位,共19例,(63.3％),其中胸膜积液16例,合并心包积液3例。其次为SLE肺炎5例(16.7％),尿毒症肺水肿3例(10％),弥漫性肺间质纤维化2例(6.7％),肺不张1例(3.35％)。对临床表现、诊断、治疗和预后进行了讨论。     

抑肽酶对长期低温保存兔肺的保护作用的研究

目的 :探讨抑肽酶对长期低温保存兔肺保护作用。方法 :应用离体兔肺缺血再灌注模型 ,15只白兔随机分为三组 (抑肽酶组、对照组 1、对照组 2 ) ,抑肽酶组和对照组 1用Euro -Collins液进行肺灌洗和低温保存(10℃ ,2 4h)后 ,以新鲜兔血离体灌注 30min。抑肽酶组在兔血中加入抑肽酶 (2 5万KIU) ;对照组 1不用抑肽酶。对照组 2取自正常兔肺 ,不进行肺灌洗和保存。灌注中测定肺动脉氧差 (△PO2 ) ,肺动脉压 (PAP) ,灌注完毕取肺电镜观察微观结构。应用TUNEL(末端脱氧核糖核酸转移酶 (TdT)介导的dUTP缺口末端标记 )技术检测肺细胞凋亡情况。结果 :与对照组 1比较 ,抑肽酶组的动静脉氧差较大 (2 0min时差异显著 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,肺动脉压较低 (P <0 .0 5 )。电镜观察对照组 1肺结构破坏重。细胞凋亡检测显示对照组 1细胞凋亡数目高于抑肽酶组 (P =0 .0 0 18)和对照组 2 (P =0 .0 0 0 1) ,抑肽酶组细胞凋亡数目高于对照组 2 (P =0 .0 0 0 )。结论 :抑肽酶对于长期低温保存的兔肺有保护作用。细胞凋亡可作为评价肺移植后保护效果的指标之一。     

海南省第四次全国结核病流行病学抽样调查分析

目的：评价世行贷款结核病项目实施效果，掌握疫情现状，为制度2001－2010年防治规划提供理论依据。方法：按照《第四次全国结核病流行病学抽样调查工作手册》对2个随机抽样点人群进行流调。结果：活动性肺结核13例，患病率和涂阳患病率434．8／10万，33．4／10万，较1990年流设疫情分别下降了43．4％和27．3％，BCG接种率34．9％，较1996年流调提高了一倍。结论：以控制传染源为目的：以DOTS为核心的结核病控制策略是成功的，可行的，政府的行政干预及保持必要的经费投入，对结核病控制可持续发展具有重要意义。农村儿童及新生儿BCG接种工作亟待改善。     

肺癌脑转移83例临床分析

我所内科１９８８￣１９９３年收治肺癌患者１００６例，脑转移８３例，占８．２５％，由于治疗方法不同，其预后极其不同。手术切除加放疗化疗与单纯放疗化疗的生存率有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５），放疗化疗综合组疗效预后好于单一治疗组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。因此在肺癌确诊后应常规作脑影像学检查，可早期诊断，这是提高疗效和生存捏的重要因素。     

原因不明老年咯血患者的纤支镜检查

报告７８例老年咯血患者纤维支气管镜检查结果，７１例获得病因诊断，诊断率９产％。咯血原因中，肺癌４８例，占６１．５％。其它依次是：支气管扩张１２例，肺炎１１例，老年人肺结核发病率低。４１例肺癌的病理分型显示，鳞癌３０例，小细胞癌凶，为５例。     

Chronic modifications of lung and heart development in glucocorticoid-treated newborn rats exposed to hyperoxia or room air

We assessed the mechanics and morphology of the lung in 165 rats treated neonatally with either room air (RA), O₂, RA + steroids, or O₂, + steroids. Newborn Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to these groups. O₂,-exposure (0.96-1.0 FiO₂ lasted 5 days, and dexamethasone treatment consisted of eight daily S.C. injections of drug or buffer in successive doses of 0.5,0.4.0.3,0.2,0.1, 0.1. 0.1. and 0.1 mg/kg. At 58 days, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVP) was measured. At 60 days, all rats were sacrificed for obtaining lung weight and DNA, saline pressure-volume (P-V) curves, and morphometry. We weighed right ventricles (RV) and left ventricles + septa (LV). Hyperoxia alone did not, but steroid decreased survival rate to 79.4% (95.3% in RA rats, P < 0.02). Only 21 of 40 (52%) O₂ + steroids rats survived, less than in both RA groups (P < 0.001). RV weight, RVP and muscularization of alveolar duct arteries were significantly increased in O₂ vs. RA rats. In RA + steroids rats, weight of the LV was decreased but RV, RVP, and lung vasculature were not affected. These effects were additive in the O₂ + steroid group. Wet lung weights and DNA were increased for RA + steroid rats over all others. O₂ and steroids shifted the P-V curve to the left and O₂+ steroids still further. Maximal lung volume increased significantly with RA + steroids and still further in O₂ + steroids but not in O₂ alone. O₂ and steroids significantly increased the mean linear intercept and O₂ + steroids even more so. In O₂- and steroid-treated rats, the parenchymal air space increased. In conclusion, both neonatal hyperoxia and steroid administration caused aberrations in the growth of lung and connective tissue. The effects of the two were additive. The vascular system, maximal lung volume, and DNA responded differently, presumably by different modes of action. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1993; 16:81–88. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

A pharmacokinetic comparison of cyclosporin oral solution and cyclosporin capsules in heart and lung transplant recipients

Pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained for 16 heart or lung recipients following the administration of identical doses of cyclosporin as oral solution and capsules on consecutive days. A comparison of pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC, C_max, C_min and t_max) showed that there were no significant differences between the two formulations except for the t_max, which was significantly longer for the capsules. The mean variation in day-to-day trough levels produced by the two different forms was 25.6%. A retrospective study was carried out of consecutive cyclosporin levels in patients at steady state on oral solution. The mean variation in day-to-day trough levels was 32.3%. This was not significantly different from the variation in consecutive trough levels seen in the oral solution/capsule comparison. This study shows that cyclosporin capsules can be substituted for oral solution without causing acute changes in cyclosporin blood levels, and that the pharmacokinetics of the two formulations are similar.This work was carried out in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Clinical Pharmacy, University of London     

Epithelial tissue formation in matrix culture and in histophysiologic gradient culture

Summary Formation of epithelial tissues in culture so that they become facsimiles in their structure of such tissues in nature requires procedures that comply with several spatial imperatives: a) three-dimensional growth; b) histophysiologic conditions that provide, concurrently, gradients of maturation and of diffusion of metabolites; and c) growth as layers of cells without free edges. Many steps have been required in the evolution of these methods. Two systems are described here in sufficient detail to serve as a manual. Three-dimensional growth of masses of epithelial tissue is accomplished in matrix culture using Gelfoam sponge and collagen-coated cellulose sponge. Radial gradient culture, a recent development, provides conditions that comply with the requirements of histophysiologic gradients and of epithelial tissue growth in layers without interruption in their continuity.