神经内结缔组织增生与三叉神经脱髓鞘的关系

目的探讨三叉神经痛（trigeminal neuralgia，TN）患者三叉神经患支内结缔组织改变与神经脱髓鞘的关系。方法对手术切取的TN患者三又神经患支标本及对照标本行髓鞘染色，在光镜及电镜下观察神经横截面形态改变，并采用图像分析仪进行半定量测量。结果形态观察及图像分析结果都显示TN患者三叉神经患支明显脱髓鞘，神经内结缔组织显著增生，F检验证实二者存在显著线性正相关。结论TN患者三叉神经惠支内神经内结缔组织增生，可能是TN发生的重要机制之一。     

犬双肺序贯性移植的研究

目的探讨犬双肺序贯性移植时供肺的采取及受体移植手术技巧。方法犬16条,体重差异<5%的随机配对作为供受体进行双肺序贯移植实验共8次,移植右肺钳夹左房时采用了‘v’钳夹技术,并检测左肺及右肺术后0.5、1、2 h各进行血气分析、肺水含量及电镜下超微结构,了解术后肺功能。结果移植右肺时采取的‘v’型钳夹术良好地解决了钳夹左房时因回心血量受阻而引起的心功能不全。术后检测结果表明移植后肺功能良好。结论掌握了犬双肺序贯性移植的全过程,"V"形双阻断钳夹左心房技术提高了犬肺移植的成功率。     

脂肪来源间充质干细胞对大鼠肝移植的免疫调节作用

目的探讨大鼠脂肪来源间充质干细胞(MSC)对大鼠肝移植术后急性排斥反应的作用。方法分离、培养SD大鼠MSC,体外混合淋巴细胞培养(MLC)体系中,研究MSC对Wistar大鼠T细胞增殖的抑制作用。以SD与Wistar大鼠为供受体建立肝移植模型。随机分为MSC处理组与空白对照组,术后第7天检测肝功能、血清白细胞介素(IL)-2和白细胞介素(IL)-10水平、肝组织病理形态及肝细胞凋亡。结果体外MLC中,Wistar大鼠T细胞增殖明显受抑,抑制率为48.44%。实验组血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)、IL-2、IL-10分别为(134.2±45.0)、(162.5±30.5)U/L、(30.6±5.4)μmol/L、(187.35±18.26)、(193.95±37.62)μg/L;对照组上述指标分别为(355.6±54.3)、(296.4±71.2)U/L、(145.7±28.6)μmoL/L、(295.73±57.15)、(75.12±11.23)μg/L,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);病检提示实验组排斥反应较对照组明显减轻;脱氧脲核苷酸缺口末端标记(TUNEL)检测提示实验组肝细胞凋亡程度明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论供体来源MSC能明显抑制MLC体系中受体源T细胞的增殖,并能显著减轻大鼠肝移植术后急性排斥反应。     

皮肤定量扩张法在耳廓再造中的应用及并发症的处理

目的 探讨皮肤扩张器的定量扩张法在在耳廓再造中的应用,并对所发生的并发症进行处理.方法 选择50 ml肾形扩张器埋置于残耳后乳突区无毛发皮下,术后3 d拔除引流管,10d拆除缝线.术后7 d进行常规注水,每周3次,每次注水约5 ml,注水总量为60 ml左右.注水完毕后维持扩张1个月.结果 1992年1月至2006年12月共收治先天性小耳畸形患者5 248例,完成50ml肾形扩张器埋置6 252只.扩张器维持扩张完毕后可见扩张皮肤质薄、血管丰富.并发症有血肿、扩张器外露、创口裂开、感染等,发生率较低,约为7.79%.结论 皮肤定量扩张法操作简单、并发症较少,为耳廓再造提供了良好的无毛发、质薄、血供丰富可靠的皮肤.     

头皮脑回样病变畸形

目的提高对头皮脑回样病变畸形的认识和治疗水平。方法复习有关文献,对头皮脑回样病变畸形的病因、临床表现、诊断、分类和治疗进行了分析,采用切除后植皮或扩张头皮瓣修复治疗6例。结果6例病变切除彻底,随访无复发。其中2例植皮病例患者导致局部秃发,4例扩张头皮瓣修复外形满意。结论头皮脑回样病变畸形是一种罕见的头皮良性病变,头皮扩张术是修复治疗头皮脑回样病变的理想方法。     

应用上唇外侧组织瓣旋转修复下唇缺损

目的:探求上唇外侧组织瓣在修复较大面积下唇缺损中的作用。方法:根据患者下唇缺损情况,设计上唇外侧组织瓣,旋转后插入缺损组织,同时在缺损吻合处,将上层外侧旋转瓣内侧粘膜肌肉向外牵拉形成部分新的红唇,然后逐层相对缝合,修复缺损。结果:自2003年1月应用此方法修复患者6例,术后随访1～2年,唇部外形好,无流涎,无口闭合不全,效果满意。     

Three-Dimensional Soft Tissue Prediction Using Finite Elements

Abstract Background and Aim: The prediction of soft tissue esthetics is important for achieving an optimal esthetic outcome in orthodontic treatment planning. Applicable procedures have so far been restricted to two-dimensional profile predictions that have not proven to be very reliable. The goal of this investigation was therefore to develop a novel finite element-based procedure that allows a three-dimensional, easily visualized, quantitative analysis and prediction of soft tissue behavior for the clinician. The procedure to be developed should be easy to handle and not entail any additional radiation exposure for the patient. Material and Methods: Using a three-dimensional scanner, the facial surfaces of 20 probands were digitalized and individual FEM models were generated. Results: After reduction of data redundancy via several conversion steps, a patient-specific simulation model was prepared consisting of 20,000 to 40,000 individual elements to which specific physical properties could be assigned. The average time required for generating a virtual model was 50 minutes. Problems occurring during model generation were rare (mainly shadowing phenomena and movement artifacts). Conclusion: The procedure outlined herein makes the reliable generation of patient-specific simulation models possible for facial soft tissue prediction in orthodontics.     

PET/CT在评价及观察大鼠肺癌放疗效果中的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to understand the role of PET/CT in monitoring the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy (RT) on lung cancer with Wistar rats. Methods Thirty Wistar in-bred strain rats (6-8 weeks, weighed 180-280 g, female, ordinary) were made into Lewis pulmonary tumor model rats. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT was performed when tumor reached 1.5-2.0 cm in greatest diameter (4-6 weeks) as a baseline. In order to get the optimal time point of PET/CT for moni-toring RT effect in rat cancer model, PET/CT was performed at the 3rd day, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th week after giving single dose of 5 Gy to each rat. Standardized uptake values (SUV) from FDG PET were measured and rats were sacrificed at different time point for validation. Besides, the expressions of glucose transport1 (Glut1) in tumor tissue were studied using immunohistochemistry. The level of tumor cell apoptosis, degra-dation, and necrosis were observed. SPSS 11.0 software was used for data analyses. Results A negative correlation of SUV uptake and time after RT and negative correlation of Glut1 expression and time after RT were observed in rat tumors, respectively. Positive correlation of SUV uptake and Glut1 expression in rat tumors was observed (Spearman rank correlation test, rs = 0.97, P < 0.01). Before RT, the SUV in rat tumor was 1.28 ± 0.31 and was decrease to 1. 00 ± 0.23 at the 3rd day and 0.18 ± 0. 10 at the 4th week after RT (F=15. 126, P<0.05). Before RT, the Glut1 in rat tumor was 0.2558 ±0.03 and was decrease to 0. 2320 ± 0. 01 at the 3rd day and 0. 1320±0.04 at the 4th week after RT. The amounts of tumor cell apopto-sis, degradation, and necrosis increased with time after RT. Conclusion Though FDG PET could monitor the therapeutic effect at the 3rd day after giving single dose of RT to rat lung tumor model, the optimal time was the the 4th week after treatment.     

Influence of moderate hypothermia on cerebral oxygenation in pigs with intracranial hypertension

BACKGROUND: Moderate hypothermia is one of the effective therapeutic methods for head injury in recent years, there are many mechanisms of moderate hypothermia for brain protection, and its influence on cerebral oxygenation is also one of them. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of moderate hypothermia on cerebral oxygenation of animals with acute intracranial hypertension, and further investigate the protective mechanism of moderate hypothermia. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital affiliated to the Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. MATERIALS: Twenty healthy little pigs, either male or female, weighing 4.5–5.5 kg, were used. Neurotrend-typed multiparameter monitoring system (Diametrics Company, British); CMA/100 micro-injection pump (Carnegie Company, Sweden). METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the Changzheng Hospital affiliated to the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA in November, 2001. The pigs were randomized into two groups: the normothermia group (control group, n =10) and moderate hypothermia group (n =10). ① Bilateral femoral arteries were separated, one was connected to pressometer for monitoring mean arterial pressure (MEP), and the other for analysis of blood gases [including peripheral blood pH value, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), HCO3–]. ② Rectal temperature was monitored with mercurial thermometer. ③ Intracranial pressure was monitored using Camino optic ICP probe placed in the subdural space. ④ Neurotrend multiparameter monitoring sensor was inserted into the white matter for about 4 cm to determine cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP, CPP=MAP(ICP), brain tissue partial oxygen pressure (PO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), HCO3– and brain temperature. The rectal temperature of animals in the moderate hypothermia group was lowered to 34 ℃ using ice bags, and the body temperature was maintained at 33–35 ℃ for 2 hours. The changes of the parameters were observed continuously, and the pigs in the normothermia group were not treated with cooling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① MAP, ICP, rectal temperature, CCP; Indexes of cerebral oxygenation detected with Neurotrend-typed multiparameter monitoring system; ② Results of blood gases analysis in the moderate hypothermia group. RESULTS: All the 20 pigs were involved in the analysis of results. ① MAP, ICP, rectal temperature, CCP and indexes of cerebral oxygenation: In the moderate hypothermia group, the ICP after cooling was obviously lower than that before cooling [(3.31±1.19), (5.33±0.95) kPa, P < 0.05], CCP was higher, brain tissue PCO2 [(12.03±1.73), (10.59±2.01) kPa, P < 0.05], and brain tissue pH value was higher [(7.03±1.63), (9.40±1.30) kPa, P < 0.05], whereas the brain temperature was decreased as compared with that before cooling [(34.9±0.3), (37.2±0.2) ℃, P < 0.05]. ② Results of blood gases analysis in the moderate hypothermia group: There were no significant differences in the parameters of peripheral arterial blood gases analysis before and after cooling in the moderate hypothermia group (P > 0.05) CONCLUSION: Moderate hypothermia will not impair the cerebral oxygenation, and it can reduce brain tissue CO2 and decrease brain tissue acidosis.     

CT的分叶征表现在肺内孤立结节影像诊断中的价值

目的探讨CT的分叶征表现在肺内孤立结节影像诊断的价值以及CT多平面重组（MPR）对此征检出的意义。方法观察病理证实的周围型小肺癌137例及良性肺内结节45例，将结节的边缘分为4型。对28例肺癌、22例良性结节行MPR，考察其显示分叶征的作用。引入可能性比值（likelihood ratios，LR）以量化良恶性病变在形态学上存在重叠的表现。结果Ⅰ型边缘结节对良性病变的特异性为83．3％（20／24），敏感性为44．4％（20／45）。Ⅳ型边缘结节对周围型小肺癌的特异性为97．6％（83／85），敏感性为60．7％（83／137）。表明Ⅰ型边缘是良性病变的特点；而Ⅳ型边缘是恶性病变的特征。Ⅳ型边缘的结节恶性病变在MPR重组图像上的检出率为64．3％（18／28），与横断面扫描差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论分叶征对肺内孤立结节的诊断有价值，MPR配合横断面薄层图像有助于提高该征的检出率。