Rip hump correction and rotation of the lumbar spine after selective thoracic fusion

In this study a series of 32 patients with idiopathic scoliosis, managed with selective thoracic fusion, was reviewed. Classified according to King and instrumented with the H-frame, the patients were evaluated for curve correction, rib hump correction and postoperative shift in lumbar rotation. Age and follow-up averaged 19.4 and 2.4 years, respectively. The 32 patients had an average primary and lumbar curve correction of, respectively, 66% (6.0% correction loss) and 53% (3.4% correction loss). The respective values for postoperative rib hump correction and shift in apical lumbar rotation averaged 8° and 9.4° in type II King curves, 4.4° and 3.5° in type III and 11° and-5° in Type IV. Significant differences were noted between the curve types in rib hump correction and shift in lumbar rotation. The study showed that en bloc postoperative rotation of the compensatory lumbar segment, directed towards the rib hump, positively influences rib hump correction. This en bloc rotation of the unfused lumbar segments is induced by the correcting forces applied by the instrumentation. The unfused lumbar spine of a patient with a King type II curve shows a larger lumbar rotation shift and subsequent rib hump correction than that of a patient with a King type III curve. Together with factors such as lateral angulation, rib-vertebra angles and structural limitations, the rotational dynamics of the unfused lumbar spine seem to form an important component in the understanding and surgical management of scoliosis.     

胸腔镜辅助下经膈肌手术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的探讨胸腔镜辅助下经膈肌切开手术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的可行性及临床应用效果。方法2002年9月至2004年9月应用胸腔镜辅助下经膈肌手术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折22例,男15例,女7例;年龄28～71岁,平均39岁。骨折节段位于T112例、T1210例、L110例。完全性截瘫7例,不完全性截瘫15例。所有病例均行前路减压、植骨及钢板内固定。结果手术时间180～320min,平均230min;出血量500～2000ml,平均900ml。全部病例随访9￣35个月,平均19.5个月。CT显示骨折碎块清除彻底,椎管减压充分。椎间植骨均融合,融合时间平均3.8个月。1例螺钉固定时穿入椎间隙,经术中透视后及时纠正;1例术后出现脑脊液漏,经改变体位1周后愈合。术后未出现胸腔积液、气胸、膈肌疝等并发症。4例全瘫未恢复,14例神经功能明显恢复。结论胸腔镜辅助下经膈肌手术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折可做到良好的椎管减压、植骨及内固定。胸腔镜下切开及修复膈肌无须特殊的内镜设备,能避免经胸腹膜后及胸腹联合切口的并发症。     

腰椎滑脱术后失效翻修初步探讨

目的：探讨腰椎滑脱术后失效的原因、翻修对策及疗效。方法：8例腰椎滑脱术后失效翻修患者,男3例,女5例;年龄42～71岁,平均54岁。其中椎弓根螺钉断裂6例,椎间融合器塌陷、椎弓根螺钉断裂1例,骨质疏松、内植物松动1例。临床症状有畸形、局部疼痛、下肢疼痛麻木等。翻修行后路减压、复位,椎体间、后外侧植骨,经椎弓根加粗和（或）加长螺钉内固定。结果：所有患者术后获6～24个月随访,平均16个月。翻修术后患者原有症状基本缓解,手术总优良率87.5%。无术后感染并发症,均获得骨性融合。结论：技术性原因是造成腰椎滑脱术后失效的主要原因。后路椎弓根螺钉复位内固定加椎体间、后外侧植骨融合术不失为有效翻修方法之一,手术操作规范是翻修疗效满意的关键。     

内窥镜下保留黄韧带的腰椎间盘摘除术(附65例临床报道)

目的：探讨内窥镜下腰椎间盘摘除术中保留腰椎黄韧带的可行性和临床效果。方法：对65例腰椎间盘突出症患者(L4／5 39例，L5／S1 26例)在常规内窥镜操作下显露腰椎板间隙，用微型手术刀切开并剥离黄韧带。将黄韧带向中线卷曲剥离成上、外、下三面游离的黄韧带瓣，椎间盘切除后再将黄韧带进行复位。结果：65例患者手术切口均一期愈合，无神经根损伤、椎间隙感染和脑脊液漏等并发症。随访6～24个月，平均14．5个月，疗效评定按Nakai标准，优42例，良18例，可3例，差2例。2例差者行开放手术翻修术。翻修术中见保留的黄韧带与椎管外疤痕粘连明显，但与椎管内的粘连较轻。结论：内窥镜下保留腰椎黄韧带不但技术操作可行。而且能降低术后腰椎管外瘢痕向腰椎管内长入，是非常好的天然屏障。     

人工腰椎间盘置换术临床应用初步报告

目的 探讨人工腰椎间盘置换术的适应证及评价其临床应用效果。方法1999年12月～2001年11月间,应用LinkSB ChariteⅢ型椎间盘假体对30例患者33个椎间盘进行人工腰椎间盘置换术,男16例,女14例;年龄36～54岁,平均44岁。术前诊断包括腰椎间盘突出症22例,腰椎间盘切除术失败6例,腰椎间盘退行性变2例。术前JOA评分4～17分,平均11分。手术节段为L3-41例,L4-518例,L5S18例,3例患者进行了相邻两个节段的椎间盘置换术（L3-4和L4-51例,L4-5和L5S12例）。结果 术后随访4个月～2年3个月,平均16.7个月。术后JOA评分20～29分,平均26分;症状改善率64％～100％,平均89％;患者对手术效果的满意率50％～100％,平均84％。27例患者恢复工作和日常生活能力;l例患者术后仍感腰背痛,l例患者虽然术后症状较术前好转但仍感左下肢疼痛,l例患者术后16个月搬运重物时造成手术节段的椎弓根断裂行椎弓根螺钉内固定 后外侧植骨融合术。结论 人工腰椎间盘置换术可有选择地治疗腰椎间盘突出症,其近期疗效满意,但远期疗效还有待于进一步随访观察。     

单侧固定椎间融合术在腰椎间盘突出症伴椎间不稳手术中应用

目的探讨单侧固定椎间融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴椎间不稳的临床应用价值,报告其初步临床疗效。方法自2010-01-2013-10,使用单侧固定椎间融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴椎间伴不稳36例,采用JOA评分,分析术前与术后评分及融合情况。结果术后JOA平均改善率为(85.1±8.2)%,应用t检验,P0.05,具有统计学差异。结论该术式治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴椎间不稳,具有创伤小、融合率高、术后恢复快等优点,适合临床运用。     

Facet joint remodeling in degenerative spondylolisthesis: an investigation of joint orientation and tropism

This study analyzed transverse facet joint angulations at the three lower lumbar levels in 132 patients assigned to one of four groups. Group A comprised 23 patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) at the level L4-5, group B comprised 40 patients above the age of 50 years, group C comprised 38 patients aged between 35 and 50 years, and group D comprised 31 patients under the age of 35 years. Groups B, C, and D had no evidence of DS. Measurements were taken from hard copies of axial MR or CT images. The transverse plane of facet joints was more sagittally oriented in group A than in any other group. This difference was highly significant at the L4-5 level. The incidence of more sagittally oriented L4-5 facet joints was also significantly higher only in group A. The incidence of facet joint tropism, however, was not different in group A. These results support the view that the pronounced sagittal alignment of facet joints in patients with DS represents a secondary remodeling rather than a pre-existing morphology. Facet joint asymmetry does not seem to play a major role in the development of DS. Received: 12 January 1998 Revised: 6 June 1998 Accepted: 16 June 1998     

医用臭氧在治疗腰椎间盘突出症中相关阼用的研究进展

医用臭氧是治疗腰椎间盘突出症常用的微创方法,已取得了良好的临床疗效,注射部位包括盘内、椎旁以及椎间孔内外等。目前的研究表明,臭氧对正常的椎间盘组织和细胞可产生氧化作用。在治疗腰椎间盘突出症中的作用主要包括对髓核的直接氧化作用、调节氧化应激、调节免疫反应、激活镇痛系统和增加氧供使炎症介质减少等。其中,有些作用机制的具体作用途径尚未完全阐明,而大量的临床证据以及明确臭氧的作用途径为其临床应用的推广起到了至关量要的作用。     

微创下腰椎经椎间孔椎体间融合术混合内固定治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症的可行性研究

目的 探讨微创腰椎经椎间孔椎体间融合术(MIS-TLIF)采用椎弓根螺钉结合对侧经椎板关节突螺钉混合内固定治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症的可行性.方法 选取2010年1月至2011年12月符合纳入排除标准的16例复发性腰椎间盘突出症患者资料进行回顾性研究.其中男性10例,女性6例,年龄35 ～ 68岁,平均45岁.采用单侧切口工作通道下完成MIS-TLIF手术,在完成椎管减压、椎体间融合和单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定后,同一切口经棘突根部向对侧置入经椎板关节突螺钉,进行围手术期指标观察、影像学和疗效评价.视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分的比较采用重复测量方差分析.结果 所有患者均在工作通道下顺利完成椎管内减压、椎体间融合和混合内固定,无患者出现神经症状.平均手术时间(148±75) min,术中出血量(186±226) ml,术后平均下床活动时间(32±15)h,平均住院日(6±4)d,手术切口长度平均(29±4) mm,经椎板关节突螺钉平均长度(52 ±6) mm.患者术后随访12 ～ 24个月,平均16.5个月.术后X线和CT显示混合内固定位置良好,经棘突椎板关节突螺钉均穿过椎板和关节突关节,术后随访期间腰痛和腿痛VAS与ODI评分与术前相比较均明显改善,差异有统计学意义(腰痛VAS:F=52.845,P=0.000;腿痛VAS:F=113.480,P=0.000; ODI评分:F=36.665,P=0.000).结论 单侧切口MIS-TLIF采用混合内固定可治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症,具有创伤小、恢复快等优点.     

腰椎手术患者术后发生症状性硬膜外血肿危险因素的Meta分析

目的：通过系统评价的方法分析腰椎手术患者术后症状性硬膜外血肿（postoperative symptomatic epidural hematoma,PSEH）发生的相关危险因素。方法 ：计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、CBM、CNKI、万方和维普数据库,搜集有关腰椎手术患者术后发生PSEH危险因素的病例-对照研究和队列研究,检索时限均为建库至2022年3月。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取纳入研究的基本信息、基线特征及PSEH相关的危险因素,如手术时间、术中出血量、抗凝治疗等所关注的结局指标和结果测量数据。评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入17项研究,包括14项病例-对照研究和3项队列研究,共132363例患者,发生症状性硬膜外血肿525例。16篇文献的质量评分均≥6分,仅1篇文献质量评分为5分。Meta分析结果显示,年龄≥65岁[比值比（odds ratio,OR）=3.36,95%可信区间（confidence interval,CI）(2.13,5.30),P&...