New way to raise the V-Y advancement flap for reconstruction of the lower lip: Bipedicled orbicularis oris musculocutaneous flap technique

Abstract

We describe a new way to raise the V-Y advancement flap, which is useful for reconstruction of the lower lip. Various other methods have been reported in the past, but it has been necessary to choose the most suitable method for each particular case. A V-Y advancement flap from the submandibular region is one of the useful techniques to reconstruct the lower lip, and it is suitable for a wide horizontal defect. However, the conventional V-Y flap is insufficiently mobile and the reconstructed vermilion is thin because of the limitation of the pedicle. In such a case, the reconstructed lip may sag or cause an embarrassing defect. We developed a new way to raise the flap to obviate these problems. We use the V-Y advancement flap from the inferior margin of the defect in a conventional way after excision of the tumour, and use a mucosal flap to reconstruct the vermilion border. The skin side of the V-Y flap is undermined, and the orbicularis oris muscles are preserved on both sides as pedicles. The flap is then raised as a bipedicled musculocutaneous flap, which has adequate movement. After the flap has been sutured, the superior margin of the flap is de-epithelialised, and used to create the volume of the vermilion border. Functionally and cosmetically good results were achieved.     

The keystone flap and its simplified version for malignant skin tumor defects of the lower limbs: A review of 25 cases

BackgroundSkin tumors commonly occur on the legs and are treated in first line by surgery. Several techniques are available to repair lower limb defects: secondary-intention healing, partial closure, primary closure with or without an s-plasty, or a skin graft. The lack of tissue laxity of the surrounding skin does not allow several local flaps (advancement, rotation, or transposition). Closing large skin defects at this site may be challenging.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed a series of consecutive patients undergoing malignant tumor wide excision on lower limbs, with a keystone flap or its simplified technique (releasing incision) for closure of a skin defect.ResultsTwenty-five patients, 17 women and 8 men, ranging from 19 to 95 years old (mean age: 70 years) were included. Keystone flap reconstruction on the lower limbs was performed in 19 cases and the simplified technique in 6. The excised tumors were as follows: squamous cell carcinoma (n = 6), basal cell carcinoma (n = 9), melanoma (n = 9) and Bowen's disease (n = 1). Three local complications were observed. No cases of recurrence were observed.ConclusionKeystone flap is a reliable surgical method for reconstruction of lower limb skin defects. Aesthetic results are better than when a skin graft is used, complications are uncommon, and prolonged operative time is avoided.     

丙泊酚合用氯胺酮在小儿腹部以下手术麻醉中的疗效观察

目的探讨丙泊酚单独使用及与氯胺酮合用在小儿椎管内麻醉中的疗效。方法选取我科40名腹部以下手术的患儿,随机分为两组(Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组),分别以单独使用丙泊酚及联合氯胺酮给药的方式,记录术中生命体征及不良事件情况。术后记录恶心、呕吐等不适及疼痛评分。结果两组术中均无呼吸暂停等严重事件发生,手术开始及手术开始后各时段Ⅰ组的生命体征均有显著差异(P<0.05),Ⅱ组手术开始时的收缩压与手术前有显著差异(P<0.05)。两组术后恢复时间与不适发生无显著差异(P>0.05),Ⅱ组术后镇痛效果优于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。结论丙泊酚合用氯胺酮能够提供更平稳的镇静效果,减轻不良反应的发生,同时不影响苏醒时间,术后不良反应及疼痛发生率较低,是一种理想的小儿椎管内麻醉方法。     

2型糖尿病膝下动脉病变患者介入治疗前后缺血动脉内氧化应激标志物的变化及意义

目的观察2型糖尿病(T2DM)下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)患者下肢动脉介入治疗前后病变动脉内氧化应激标志物的变化,探讨T2DM合并ASO患者体内氧化应激水平及介入治疗对动脉内氧化应激标志物的影响。方法选择接受介入治疗的T2DM合并膝下动脉(胫腓动脉)病变的患者30例,入组患者均行下肢动脉造影检查(DSA),部分患者还需要行经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)。单纯行DAS患者为14例(造影组),DSA+PTA患者为16例(治疗组)。造影组和治疗组患者均在介入手术前行常规检查并抽取静脉血测血脂、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)和氧化应激标志物水平,包括超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及脂质过氧化物终产物丙二醛(MDA)。造影组、治疗组还需取介入治疗前动脉血3 mL,此外治疗组在缺血动脉远端同一部位取PTA术前术后动脉血。上述标本均测SOD、MDA水平。结果造影组患者下肢动脉造影未见明显狭窄。治疗组术前动静脉血SOD水平低于造影组,MDA水平高于造影组(P0.05)。造影组、治疗组各组内介入术前静脉血与动脉血SOD、MDA比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组介入术前缺血部位SOD水平较介入治疗前动脉血水平低(P0.05),MDA水平较介入治疗前动脉血水平高(P0.05)。治疗组介入术后缺血部位SOD水平较介入术前缺血部位及介入术前动脉血SOD均降低(P0.05),MDA水平较介入术前缺血部位及介入术前动脉血中水平均升高(P0.05)。结论介入术前后患者使用抗氧化应激药物可能会改善处理病变的远期预后,减少血管再狭窄发生。     

Computational modeling of blast induced whole-body injury: a review

Blast injuries affect millions of lives across the globe due to its traumatic after effects on the brain and the whole body. To date, military grade armour materials are designed to mitigate ballistic and shrapnel attacks but are less effective in resisting blast impacts. In order to improve blast absorption characteristics of armours, the first key step is thoroughly understands the effects of blasts on the human body itself. In the last decade, a plethora of experimental and computational work has been carried out to investigate the mechanics and pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). However, very few attempts have been made so far to study the effect of blasts on the various other parts of the body such as the sensory organs (eyes and ears), nervous system, thorax, extremities, internal organs (such as the lungs) and the skeletal system. While an experimental evaluation of blast effects on such physiological systems is difficult, developing finite element (FE) models could allow the recreation of realistic blast scenarios on full scale human models and simulate the effects. The current article reviews the state-of-the-art in computational research in blast induced whole-body injury modelling, which would not only help in identifying the areas in which further research is required, but would also be indispensable for understanding body location specific armour design criteria for improved blast injury mitigation.     

儿童下呼吸道感染细菌分布及耐药性分析

目地了解本院儿童下呼吸道感染病原茸的分布及耐药情况，以指导临床舍理选用抗生素。方法将住院患儿的痰液、咽拭子进行细菌培养并鉴定，对培养阳性者应用K—B法进行药敏试验。结果送检标本467份，共分离出病原菌247株，阳性率为52．9％，其中以G-菌为主占68．4％，G＋菌占23．9％，真菌占7．7％。感染前5位的病原菌分别是大肠埃希氏菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、真菌。药敏结果显示，G-菌对氨苄西林耐药率最高，肺炎克雷伯氏菌和大肠埃希氏菌产超广谱B内酰胺酶（ESBk）的比例较高，分别为53．2％和46．1％。G＋菌对大多数抗菌素耐药，对大环内酯类耐药率最高，金黄色葡萄球菌耐甲氧西林的分离率为29．2％。结论儿科下呼吸道感染病原菌主要为G-菌，且呈多重耐药性，G＋菌对大多数抗菌素耐药，临床应根据药敏结果，合理选用抗生素。     

闭塞性细支气管炎的治疗进展

闭塞性细支气管炎（BO）是一种少见的不可逆性慢性小气道阻塞性肺疾病，表现为反复持续性咳嗽、喘息，运动不耐受，难以消退的肺部喘鸣音及细湿性啰音。BO是一种组织病理学概念，临床上主要包括移植后出现的闭塞细支气管炎综合征（BOS）和感染后闭塞性细支气管炎（PIBO）。目前BO无确定的治疗方案，治疗以糖皮质激素、大环内酯类抗生素、白三烯受体拮抗剂等抗炎治疗、免疫抑制剂、靶向治疗和对症支持治疗为主。本文对近5年来闭塞性细支气管炎的治疗进展进行综述。