关节镜下运用4股腘绳肌腱同期重建前后交叉韧带损伤

目的 关节镜下运用Intrafix和可吸收界面螺钉固定自体4股腘绳肌腱，同期重建前交叉韧带（anterior cruciate ligament，ACL）、后交叉韧带（posterior cruciate ligament，PCL），评估其疗效。方法 ACL、PCL同时损伤的患者16例，关节镜下以自体4股胭绳肌腱作为重建移植物，应用可吸收界面螺钉固定移植物股骨端，Intrafix钉鞘和可吸收锥形钉固定胫骨端，同期行ACL和PCL损伤重建术。7例行内侧副韧带修补，4例行外侧副韧带复合结构修复，2例行内外侧同时修复。所有患者按照国际膝关节评分委员会（International Knee Documentation Committee，IKDC）评分标准进行术前评估，均为D级。术前Lysholm评分为（36．5±3．7）分。结果 随访时间为12～18个月，平均14．6个月。终末随访时，IKDC总体评价：A级6例（38％），B级9例（56％），C级1例（6％），无D级患者。Lachman试验0～2mm8例；3～5mm6例；6～10mm2例（P〈0．05）。屈70°前后总位移0～2mm10例；3～5mm5例；6～10mm1例（P〈0．05）。屈70°后位移0～2mm12例；3～5mm4例（P〈0．05）。术后2个月Lysholm功能评分为（90．4±2．9）分，终末随访时为（93．4±3．5）分，与术前相比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 关节镜下以自体4股胭绳肌腱作为移植物，应用可吸收界面螺钉、Intrafix钉鞘和可吸收锥形钉固定股骨胫骨端同期重建ACL和PCL损伤，有利于早期积极的功能康复，膝关节功能恢复满意。     

关节镜下膝关节结核性滑膜炎的治疗(附10例报告)

目的探讨关节镜下结核性滑膜炎的特点和滑膜切除术的效果. 方法选择10例结核性滑膜炎,行关节镜下滑膜切除手术和活检.术后配合关节腔注射异烟肼和全身抗结核治疗. 结果所有病人随访6月～3年,术后第2天行CPM关节功能锻炼,9例膝关节屈曲从手术前90°±5°平均提高到120°±14°,伸直受限从手术前20°±3°提高到5°±1°,手术前后比较差异有显著性(t值分别为6.9、 6.3,P<0.01),JOA评分术前(44±8)分,术后(82±10)分(t=8.47,P<0.01),所有病人2个月后关节肿胀减轻,随访期间内无病变复发. 结论关节镜下切除滑膜和清理结核性肉芽组织,改善软骨营养,结合药物治疗可有效控制病情,改善关节功能.     

全膝置换术治疗膝关节创伤性关节炎

目的探讨全膝置换术(TKA)在膝关节创伤性关节炎治疗中的特点。方法对8例膝关节严重创伤后形成的骨性关节炎施行了TKA手术,术中采用植骨、加装金属垫片的方法修复塌陷的胫骨平台,对内、外翻不稳的膝关节选择了CCK假体代偿由侧副韧带损伤引起的不完全功能缺失,严重者甚至使用旋转型铰链膝,其他还有通过后方的软组织松解等技术来增加关节活动度。结果采用HSS膝关节评分系统,8例由术前的平均42分上升至术后的平均88分(P<0.05),关节活动度由术前的平均76°升至术后的平均106°(P<0.05)。所有患者随访至少1年以上,平均2.1年,随访结束时膝关节评分平均82分(P<0.05),关节活动度平均93°(P<0.05)。结论根据膝关节创伤性关节炎的损伤特点因人而异地选择合适的TKA手术方案可以获得满意的结果,术中注意防止因骨折畸形愈合所导致的技术上的失误。     

小切口治疗后交叉韧带胫骨起点撕脱骨折

膝关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)是膝关节的慢性退行性疾病,多发于中老年患者,主要病变位置在膝关节承重区的软骨,当软骨发生磨损、破坏时,作为基质主要成分的蛋白多糖(protoglycan,PG)大量分散于关节液中,与人体代谢相关[1],成为可以定量分析关节软骨破坏程度的有效灵敏指标[2]。我院对膝骨关节炎患者采用内服补肝益肾、活血通络中药及关节腔内玻璃酸钠注射,同时以单纯的玻璃酸钠注射作为对照,分别在治疗前后抽取关节液,行PG定量检查,对两组的PG变化趋势进行观察,现将结果报告如下。1资料和方法1·1一般资料将2006年12月至2007年3月的60例…     

胫骨干骨折髓内钉治疗后膝关节痛的临床研究

目的 通过对胫骨干骨折髓内钉内固定治疗后膝关节痛的临床观察，探讨膝关节痛的发生和病因。方法 回顾性研究我院1997年1月～2002年12月应用髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨干骨折的1332例病例。所有病例在骨折愈合后均有一次以上随访，平均随访时间为27个月。结果 共有409例胫骨干骨折术后发生患侧膝关节痛；经髌韧带入路组膝关节痛发生率为31.9％，髌韧带旁入路组为28.9％。结论 髌韧带旁入路不能减少胫骨干骨折髓内钉治疗术后膝关节痛的发生。     

创伤性膝关节脱位失稳性的检查与治疗

目的：探讨创伤性膝关节脱位失稳性的检查方法、手术时机与治疗方法。方法：本组63例创伤性膝关节脱位，男48例，女15例；年龄16-75岁，平均36．6岁。鲜新膝关节脱位40例，陈旧膝关节脱位23例。按Wascher膝关节脱位分型标准：KD—Ⅰ型1例，KD—Ⅱ型13例，KD-Ⅲ型17例，KD—Ⅳ型18例，KD—Ⅴ型14例。结合物理与影像学检查评判患膝稳定性。单纯开放手术治疗53例，单纯关节镜治疗4例，关节镜加开放手术治疗4例，截肢1例，全膝关节置换1例。结果：膝MRI阳性率100％（39／39），膝应力位X线检查阳性率100％（19／19），膝关节镜阳性率93．3％（14／15）。按Lysholm膝关节评分标准：治疗前陈旧伤组平均（37．17±5．33）分，新鲜伤组平均（37．41±5．38）分；治疗后陈旧伤组平均（67．33±14．72）分，新鲜伤组平均（82．45±12．13）分（Z=-3．061，P=0．002）。结论：膝关节应力位X线检查、MR及关节镜检查对评判创伤性膝关节脱位的稳定性有积极意义，失稳性创伤膝关节脱住手术治疗的关键是早期，鲜新伤以修复为主，陈旧伤以重建为主。     

踝关节骨折并下胫腓联合分离的手术治疗

自1998年8月-2005年8月共收治踝关节骨折患者117例，其中合并下胫腓联合分离者39例，均采用手术治疗并取得了满意的疗效。 1临床资料 本组39例，男18例，女21例；年龄19—71岁，平均27．8岁；左侧22例，右侧17例；双踝骨折34例，合并后踝骨折5例。     

Arthroscopic single-bundle reconstruction of posterior cruciate ligament with quadrupled hamstring tendon

Objective： To evaluate the technique and outcome of arthroscopic sipy, le-bundie reconstruction of posterior crudate ligament （PCL） with quadrupled hamstring tendon. Methods： From April 2001 to October 2004, 49 knees with PCL tears in 49 patients were verified with arthroscope in this department. Of them, 13 were combined with anterior cruciate ligament tears, 14 with disruptions of the posterolateral comer, 6 with ruptures of the posteromedial corner and medial collateral ligament, 9 with lateral meniscus tears, 5 with medial meniscus tears and 2 with popliteal vascular tears. All the damaged PCLs were reconstructed with single-bundie of autogenous quadrupled hamstring tendons under arthroscope. Biodegradable interference screws or blunt titanium interference screws were used for direct anatomic fixation of the reconstructed ligament. Results： After operation, no severe complications occurred at early stage in the 49 patients. All of them were followed up for 10-52 months with an average of 22. 0 months ＋ 10. 7 months. Lysholm score was remarkably improved from 30-60 （ mean： 47.96 ＋ 8. 16） preoperatively to 70-95 （ mean： 89. 08 ＋ 6. 10 ） at the last postoperative follow-up （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Furthermore, there was a significant improvement in International Knee Documentation Committee （IKDC） score from abnormal （ Grade C） in 10 knees and severely abnormal （Grade D ） in 39 preoperatively to normal （ Grade A ） in 20, nearly normal （ Grade B） in 24 and abnormal in 5 at the last follow-up. Of the 49 patients, 40 returned to the same activity level as before and 9 were under the level. Conclusions： Single-bundle reconstruction of PCL with quadrupled hamstring tendons has the advantage of minimal trauma in surgery and satisfactory outcome.     

Posterior instability near extension is related to clinical disability in isolated posterior cruciate ligament deficient patients

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the magnitude of knee laxity and posterior instability at different knee flexion angles and clinical disability in isolated posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) deficient patients. Knee laxity at 20° and 70° of knee flexion were evaluated using KT-2000 arthrometer, and the posterior instability at 20°, 45° and 90° of flexion were evaluated using stress radiography. We assessed the differences in the knee laxity and the tibial translation between isolated PCL deficient knees and normal knees, and between the patients with giving-way during activities of daily living (ADL) and without giving-way. There were statistical differences in the knee laxity and the tibial translation at all knee flexion angles between the PCL deficient knees and normal knees. The magnitude of the knee laxity at 20° of flexion measured with KT-2000 arthrometer was significantly larger in the patients with giving-way than those in the patients without giving-way although there was no significant difference in the tibial translation at 70° between the two groups. The tibial translation in both medial and lateral compartments at 20° and 45° measured with stress radiography were significantly larger in the patients with giving-way than those in the patients without giving-way although there was not significant difference at 90° between the two groups. These results suggested that the magnitude of the knee laxity and the posterior tibial translation at shallow knee flexion angles would be related to giving-way during ADL in isolated PCL deficient patients.