Effects of histidine and imidazolelactic acid on various parameters of the oxidative stress in cerebral cortex of young rats

Histidinemia is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by deficiency of histidase activity, which leads to tissue accumulation of histidine and its derivatives. Affected patients usually present with speech delay and mental retardation, although asymptomatic patients have been reported. Considering that the pathophysiology of the neurological dysfunction of histidinemia is not yet understood and since histidine has been considered a pro-oxidant agent, in the present study we investigated the effect of histidine and one of its derivatives, l-beta-imidazolelactic acid, at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 mM, on various parameters of oxidative stress in cerebral cortex of 30-day-old Wistar rats. Chemiluminescence, total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS), and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured in tissue homogenates in the presence of l-histidine or l-beta-imidazolelactic acid. We observed that l-histidine provoked an increase of chemiluminescence and a reduction of TRAP at concentrations of 2.5 mM and higher, while TBA-RS measurement, GSH-Px, CAT and SOD activities were not affected. Furthermore, l-beta-imidazolelactic acid provoked antioxidant effects at high concentrations (5-10 mM) as observed by the reduction of chemiluminescence, although this compound enhanced chemiluminescence at low concentrations (0.5-1 mM). These results suggest that in vitro oxidative stress is elicited by histidine but only at supraphysiological concentrations.     

Hyperthyroidism modifies ecto-nucleotidase activities in synaptosomes from hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats in different phases of development

Here we investigate the possible effects of the hyperthyroidism on the hydrolysis of the ATP to adenosine in the synaptosomes of hippocampus, cerebral cortex and blood serum of rats in different developmental phases. Manifestations of hyperthyroidism include anxiety, nervousness, tachycardia, physical hyperactivity and weight loss amongst others. The thyroid hormones modulate a number of physiological functions in central nervous system, including development, function, expression of adenosine A(1) receptors and transport of neuromodulator adenosine. Thus, hyperthyroidism was induced in male Wistar rats (5-, 60-, 150- and 330-day old) by daily injections of L-thyroxine (T4) for 14 days. Nucleotide hydrolysis was decreased by about 14-52% in both hippocampus and cerebral cortex in 5 to 60-day-old rats. These changes were also observed in rat blood serum. In addition, in 11-month-old rats, inhibition of ADP and AMP hydrolysis persisted in the hippocampus, whereas, in cerebral cortex, an increase in AMP hydrolysis was detected. Thus, hyperthyroidism affects the extracellular nucleotides balance and adenosine production, interfering in neurotransmitter release, development and others physiological processes in different systems.     

Properties of PAF-acether-induced platelet aggregation and secretion. Studies in gel-filtered human platelets

Human platelets rapidly lose their responsiveness to PAF-acether after blood collection. We collected blood from fasting donors and prepared gel-filtered platelets that remained responsive to PAF-acether for about 6 hours. Log-dose response studies showed bi-phasic aggregation between 20 and 100 nM PAF-acether with secretion of dense-, - and lysosomal granule contents during the second wave of aggregation. Between 0.2 and 10 nM PAF-acether aggregation was weak and no secretion occurred whereas 300 nM PAF-acether or more induced maximal aggregation and secretion. Secretion, however, was never more than 70, 55, and 30% of maximal secretable amount of 5HT, βTG and βN, respectively. Aggregation and secretion were enhanced by fibrinogen (optimal concentration 0.3–0.7 g.l⁻¹), required Ca²⁺ or Mg²⁺ but were inhibited when Mg²⁺ or Ca²⁺ were present at a concentration of 2 mM or more. These date show that human platelets are almost equally sensitive to PAF-acether as rabbit platelets, and respond with incomplete secretion of dense-, - and lysosomal granule contents.     

解毒活血中药配伍对载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠主动脉NF-κB与MMP-9表达的调控作用

目的 观察解毒活血中药配伍对栽脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠[apolipoprotein E knocked-outmice,ApoE（-／-）mice]主动脉核因子-κB（NF-κB）和基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）表达水平的调控作用。方法 13周龄ApoE（-／-）小鼠分为高脂组（给予高脂饲料）和普通饲料组（给予普通饲料）,同时设13周龄C57BL／6J小鼠对照组（给予普通饲料）。19周后进行干预,普通饲料模型组、C57BL／6J小鼠对照组灌服生理盐水,高脂组随机分为解毒组[灌服虎杖苷26．6mg／（kg·d）],活血组[灌服芎芍胶囊110mg／（kg·d）],解毒活血配伍高剂量组（灌服虎杖提取物53．2mg／（kg·d）,芎芍胶囊220mg／（kg·d）];解毒活血配伍中剂量组[灌服虎杖提取物26．6mg／（kg·d）,芎芍胶囊110mg／（kg·d）];解毒活血配伍低剂量组（灌服虎杖提取物13．3mg／（kg·d）,芎芍胶囊55rag／（kg·d）],洛伐他汀组[灌服洛伐他汀3．3mg／（kg·d）],高脂饲料模型组（灌服生理盐水）。17周后,取主动脉做常规石蜡切片,免疫组化观察其NF-κB和MMP-9表达的程度。结果 模型组ApoE（-／-）小鼠主动脉及粥样斑块NF-κB和MMP-9表达明显增加,虎杖苷、芎芍胶囊、洛伐他汀及解毒活血配伍治则的虎杖苷与芎芍胶囊配伍均可降低其主动脉NF-κB和MMP-9表达（P〈0．01）,且以解毒活血配伍高剂量组疗效最好（P〈0．01）。结论 解毒活血配伍可降低ApoE（-／-）小鼠主动脉NF-κB和MMP-9表达,且优于单纯解毒和活血组。     

医养结合机构养老护理员职业素养评估量表编制 及信效度分析*

摘 要：目的：编制医养结合机构养老护理员职业素养评估量表，并进行信效度检验。方法：采用文献回顾法和德尔菲 法编制量表，选取江苏省无锡市医养结合型养老机构1 420名养老护理员进行调查和量表的信效度检验。结果：探索性因子 分析提取 4 个公因子，累计方差贡献率达 80.940%，4 个因子的 AVE 值和 CR 值分别在 0.715~0.842、0.950~0.990，各维度的 AVE平方根均大于其与其他维度间的相关系数。量表整体的Cronbach’s α 系数为 0.990，4个维度的Cronbach’s α 系数分别为 0.989、0.981、0.981、0.949。结论：构建的医养结合机构养老护理员职业素养评估量表具有较好的信效度，可作为我国医养 结合养老机构养老护理员任用、培养、考核、评价的客观参考依据。     

抑癌基因PTEN在泌尿系肿瘤发生发展中的作用

第10号染色体同源丢失性磷酸酶-张力蛋白基因(PTEN)具有磷酸酶活性及抑癌活性。PTEN的突变缺失是包括泌尿系肿瘤等各种肿瘤发生发展的基础。研究显示,由于PTEN的突变、缺失而丧失抑癌作用而致肾癌、膀胱癌、前列腺癌的发生,揭示了PTEN具有抑制泌尿系肿瘤发生的作用。但是,PTEN抑癌作用及丢失、突变的一些具体过程还不是很清楚,有待进一步的明确。     

2006—2020年苏州市相城区结直肠癌发病 与死亡情况分析

摘 要：目的：分析苏州市相城区 2006—2020年结直肠癌发病和死亡情况，为相关部门制定结直肠癌防控措施提供科 学依据。方法：在苏州市相城区肿瘤登记报告系统中选取 2006—2020 年户籍为苏州市相城区的结直肠癌发病和死亡资料， 计算发病率、死亡率、累积率、截缩率、年度变化百分比等指标。结果：2006—2020年，苏州市相城区结直肠癌新发病例为 2 209例，死亡为 986例，粗发病率和粗死亡率分别为 37.29/10万和 16.65/10万，中标率分别为 26.48/10万和 11.30/10万。结 直肠癌年龄别发病率在40岁之前较低，40岁以后随年龄增长而上升。结直肠癌年龄别死亡率在45岁之前较低，45岁之后随 年龄增长而上升。2006—2020年，苏州市相城区结直肠癌发病率、标化发病率、粗死亡率呈现上升趋势。结论：2006—2020 年，苏州市相城区结直肠癌发病率、死亡率均高于江苏省和全国平均水平，且发病率有明显上升趋势。相关部门应积极探索 有效的防控措施，切实做好苏州市相城区的结直肠癌防控工作。     

滚动轴承清洁度——环保新方法

随着轴承技术的进步,人们对轴承应用和轴承本身的要求越来越严格,比如越来越高的节能和清洁度要求。本文将论述轴承清洁度问题,根据ISO 281:2007,清洁度是影响轴承寿命的一项关键因素,提高清洁度可以延长轴承的使用寿命,尤其是在真空泵、压缩机、医疗设备等高科技应用领域。     

经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术和经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的疗效对比

目的对比经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)和经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术(PTCD)治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析湖北民族学院附属民大医院肝胆胰外科恶性梗阻性黄疸患者97例,其中ERCP组54例和PTCD组43例。对比两组患者临床疗效、术后并发症、舒适度评分、住院天数和费用。结果 (1)两组患者症状较术前改善,生化指标均下降,ERCP组和PTCD组黄疸总缓解率为77.78%和79.07%,高位梗阻黄疸缓解率为55.00%和89.29%,低位梗阻黄疸缓解率为91.18%和60.00%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)ERCP组和PTCD组术后并发症发生率为37.04%和16.28%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(3)ERCP组和PTCD组舒适度量表评分为(15.13±3.89)和(16.60±3.15)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(4)ERCP组和PTCD组住院时间分别为(8.74±4.94)和(11.12±4.82)d,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),住院费用分别为(2.27±0.63)和(2.19±0.34)万元,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 ERCP和PTCD对恶性梗阻性黄疸的治疗均可获得满意的临床疗效,ERCP对低位梗阻患者治疗优于PTCD,PTCD对高位梗阻患者治疗优于ERCP。ERCP并发症高于PTCD,舒适评分优于PTCD且住院时间短,两者在费用上无明显差异。     

手术室医院感染危险因素的防范与控制对策研究

目的讨论手术室医院感染的危险因素和质量控制效果。方法将359例手术病例随机分为两组,观察组196例接受全面质控护理措施,对照组163例接受随机常规护理,分别分析比较两组,在同样灭菌条件下的手术器械、物品的清洁、消毒和灭菌、在同等的侵入性操作、在同组医护人员配合的条件下,统计手术室医院感染率,统计分析。结果经过全面质控护理的观察组明显优于接受随机常规护理的对照组。结论手术室医院感染与手术室空气清洁度和手卫生有密切关系,会直接影响到手术室医院感染率。