中药蜈蚣对小鼠胚胎发育的影响

孕鼠１６１只随机分组，在孕期第７－１１天给实验组分别以５００ｍｇ／（ｋｇ．ｄ）（蜈蚣１组）及１０００ｍｇ／（ｋｇ．ｄ）（蜈蚣２组）的中药蜈蚣煎剂灌胃，至孕期１８天记录各组孕鼠和胎鼠的发育情况。结果表明：蜈蚣１，２两组致畸作用明显，死胎，吸收胎比例升高；蜈蚣２组胎鼠和孕鼠的体重均下降，堕胎作用显著，与对照组比较，差异均有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

Generation of B lymphocytes from a single hemopoietic progenitor cell in vitro

The first stages of the pathway by which lymphocytes differentiate from hemopoietic stem cells were studied at a clonal level. When 211 interleukin 3 (IL-3)-induced blast colonies shown to be capable of differentiating into a variety of hemopoietic cells were individually transferred into wells containing a monolayer of stromal cells, growth in granulocyte, macrophage, megakaryocyte, or mast cell lineages was observed in 192 wells. In seven of these 192 wells, lymphoid cell growth also was seen. The lymphoid cells were proved to be B lymphocytes by phenotype and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement analyses and by demonstration of surface expression of IgM. The clonal origin of myeloid and B lymphocyte lineage cells was further confirmed by the generation of both myeloid and B lymphoid cells in the same well following FACS clone-sorting of IL-3 induced blast cells. These results provide in vitro evidence that cells of B lymphoid and myeloid lineage can originate clonally from single primitive hemopoietic stem cells.     

Erratum: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1): Identification of eight unreported mutations in NF1 gene in Italian patients

In the original version of this article, the title was incorrect. Please find the correct title given here. The publisher deeply regrets this error. The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Human Mutation 22:179–180 Human Mutation(2003) 22(2) 179–180     

Orientation of the peptidoglycan chains in the sacculus of Escherichia coli

The organization of chains of oligopeptidoglycan in the saccular wall is of critical importance in the study of the mechanism and physiology of prokaryotic wall growth. The electron microphotographs of De Pedro et al, present new findings and can be used to negate or at least raise questions about the previously accepted conclusion that the glycan chains are oriented transversely to the axis of rod-shaped Escherichia coli. This suggests caution in assuming that the glycan chains in the murein structure are parallel to each other and are perpendicular to the axis of the cell.These results should reopen the question of not only the orientation of the peptidoglycan chains, but the possibility of variability in orientation. Three classes of hypotheses about wall growth are reconsidered and problems with them are presented. The new results from De Pedro's laboratory and the experimental glycan chain length distribution argue against proposed systematic models. These include models that postulate belts or hoops stretched around the circumference of the cell and mechanisms that insert new chains of the length of presumptive “docking” strands in the stress-bearing wall. They are consistent, however, with the surface stress theory that proposes that random enzyme action together with physical forces are involved in the elongation of the rod-shaped Gram-negative wall.     

Prolonged waking reduces human immunodeficiency virus glycoprotein 120- or tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis in the cerebral cortex of rats

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) induces neuronal death, presumably by apoptosis. This effect may be triggered by the glycoprotein 120 (HIVgp120) released by HIV when infecting a cell, and mediated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine. Both molecules, HIVgp120 and TNF, increase sleep when administered acutely in the brain. On the other hand, sleep deprivation increases the levels of several growth factors. In this context, we challenged rats with HIVgp120 or TNF simultaneously with sleep deprivation. Our results indicate that both HIVgp120 and TNF increase neuronal death in the rat cerebral cortex, but not hippocampus, and that this effect is completely prevented by total deprivation of sleep. These results suggest that acute total deprivation of sleep protects against the HIVgp120 and TNF deleterious effects.     

CT快速图像重建算法研究

快速图像重建算法一直是图像重建中的关键问题和衡量CT系统的重要指标之一。本文以扇形束结构为例，分析了各种快速重建算法的特点，并从算法结构、实现技巧及代码优化等方面论述了快速图像重建的方法．这些方法可有效地提高图像重建的速度。     

Mechanisms of enhanced prevalence of asthma and atopy in developed countries

Atopy — a T helper 2 cell driven hypersensitivity to innocuous antigens (allergens) which causes most cases of asthma — is of complex genetic and environmental origins. There is compelling epidemiological evidence for a rise in atopic disease in ‘westernised’ communities. The changing pattern of microbial exposure in early childhood is suggested to be the principal candidate mechanism for this rise.     

激光衍射法测量肌节长度动态特性

本文首次在国内用激光衍射法测量了肌节长度的动态变化。测量装置主要由光电耦合元件与单板机构成。采样频率在每秒100到200次之间可调,测量范围为1.5～3.0μm,绝对精度为0.02μm。用600条/mm的理想光学衍射光栅随机标定20次,相对误差为2.4±1.2％,20条爪蟾缝匠肌等张收缩的测量表明本装置可以满足一般测量的要求,其中两组典型结果在文中进行了讨论。该方法价廉实用,可为心血管、药理、电生理等研究提供细胞水平的动态参数。     

Fecal microbiota transplantation for Clostridium difficile infection in Taiwan: Establishment and implementation

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) remains a major public health issue, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has become one of the standard therapies for recurrent or refractory CDI. When compared to medical therapies, such as metronidazole or vancomycin, FMT has a high rate of treatment response with acceptable safety and efficiency. Following promulgation of the amendments in September 2018 in Taiwan, FMT has been indicated for recurrent or refractory CDI. The Taiwan Microbiota Consortium contributed to the Taiwan FMT Expert Consensus, which established basic norms and stipulated essential principles, including the indications for transplantation, eligible locations and personnel, donor screening policies, fecal sample handling, and post-FMT follow-up. However, establishing an eligible FMT team in a qualified hospital remains a clinical challenge, and the requirement for facilities and well-screened donors impedes the implementation of FMT. In this review, we aim to provide domestic FMT teams with explicit instructions to facilitate realization and increase the practice of FMT. Based on the Taiwan FMT Expert Consensus and current regulations, we performed a literature review and integrated the experiences of Taiwanese multidisciplinary experts into this article. The content intends to offer clinicians up-to-date evidence and highlight the essential points of FMT.