急性百草枯中毒后MODS患者血清TNF-α和IL-10的变化及意义

目的探讨急性百草枯中毒（APP）后多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）患者血清TNF-α、IL-10的变化及临床意义。方法应用放射免疫技术测定32例APP后MODS患者与30名健康人血清TNF-α、IL-10水平,分析APP后MODS患者血清TNF-α、IL-10水平和急性生理学与慢性健康状况Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）评分、动脉血氧分压（PaO2）、血尿素氮（BUN）、血肌酐（Scr）等指标的关系。结果APP后MODS患者血清TNF-α、IL-10水平较正常对照组明显升高（P〈0.05）,但死亡组与存活组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;血清TNF-α、IL-10水平与APACHEⅡ评分、BUN、Scr呈正相关（P〈0.05）,与Pa02呈显著负相关（P〈0.01）。结论TNF-α、IL-10参与了APP后MODS的发病过程,且与APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关;血清TNF-α、IL-10水平可作为APP后MODS患者多器官功能损害程度评估与预后判断的临床指标之一。     

子宫动脉阻力评分预测子痫前期-子痫及胎儿宫内缺氧

目的:建立子宫动脉阻力评分,探讨预测子痫前期-子痫及胎儿宫内缺氧的临床价值。方法:335例正常孕妇于孕24～28周时,彩色多普勒超声测定左、右侧子宫动脉阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)、收缩期与舒张期血流速度比(S/D)、血流频谱中舒张早期切迹共4项指标。新生儿出生后进行1分钟阿氏评分。分别以子宫动脉RI、PI、S/D的第90、95、97·5百分位值作为各单项指标的候选界值,通过统计学确定各单项指标的预测界值,综合舒张早期切迹观测结果,建立评分系统(UARS),评价预测效果。结果;335例孕妇中25例发展为子痫前期-子痫,310例血压始终保持正常。RI、PI、S/D的预测界值分别为0·65、1·012、3·490。舒张早期切迹的预测界值是单侧或双侧出现舒张早期切迹。各单项指标预测子痫前期-子痫均具有统计学意义(P<0·01)。以UARS≥4分作为预测界值具有显著统计学意义(P<0·01),其RR值为20·439,预测特异性为99·3%,阳性预测值为86·6%,预测效果明显优于各单项预测指标。UARS=4分时,新生儿阿氏1分钟评分均值为7分,随UARS增高,阿氏评分降低。结论:综合子宫动脉相关指标建立的UARS预测子痫前期-子痫及胎儿宫内缺氧具有重要临床意义。     

农村地区实行分娩期连续胎儿监护的比较研究

目的探讨农村基层医疗机构应用连续胎儿监护在减少胎儿宫内窘迫和新生儿窒息中的作用。方法选取2001年1月至2006年7月在我院分娩的孕周≥37周的孕妇为研究对象,根据监护方式分为连续胎心监护组(实验组)和非连续胎心监护组(对照组),分析两组胎儿窘迫检出率及新生儿窒息发生率。结果实验组胎儿窘迫检出率明显升高,两组比较,差异有显著意义(P<0.05);新生儿窒息发生率明显下降,两组比较,差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论连续性胎心监护可及时地反映胎儿在宫内缺氧程度及动态变化,筛查胎儿窘迫,预测围出儿结局,减少新生儿窒息的发生,有利于农村地区产科质量的提高。     

胰腺癌放射治疗辅助高能聚焦超声的临床观察

目的探讨不能手术切除的晚期胰腺癌放射治疗辅助高能聚焦超声治疗的疗效及价值。方法2001年3月～2006年12月我科共收治16例不能切除的晚期胰腺癌患者行放射治疗并辅助高能聚焦超声治疗。按TNM分期，Ⅱ期5例，Ⅲ期6例，Ⅳ期5例。KPS评分30～70分。采用常规分割（1．8～2．0Gy／次，每周5次），放射治疗剂量70～72Gy，所有患者都行6次高能聚焦超声治疗。结果放疗止痛有效率85、7％，全组中位生存期9．2个月（3～30个月），1年生存率31．25％。KPS评分及TNM分期影响生存，KPS60～70分组生存期明显长于KPS30～50分组（P〈0．01），Ⅱ、Ⅲ期患者生存期明显长于Ⅳ期（P〈0．01）。结论对不能切除的局部晚期胰腺癌采用放射治疗并辅助高能聚焦超声可有效缓解症状，改善生存质量，适当延长生存期。     

参红胶囊联合化疗药物对393例肿瘤病人的影响

目的观察参红胶囊联合化疗药物对中晚期肿瘤病人的疗效、症状改善情况和免疫功能的影响。方法按照临床研究分组原则，将598例确诊的肿瘤患者随机分为两组，205例为单纯使用化疗组，393例为参红胶囊加化疗组。两组患者均分别连续给予治疗药物60天后，比较两组的疗效、症状改善情况、卡氏（Karnofsky）评分、免疫功能、外周血白细胞计数等数据。结果与对照组相比，参红胶囊联合化疗组肿瘤患者的总缓解率42．0％（对照组23．9％）；疼痛、咳嗽、乏力和食欲不振的平均改善率为71．9％（对照组48．3％）；Karnofsky评分提高了27．0％（对照组17．1％）；CD3^＋和CD4^＋数量增加11．6％和19．3％，CD8^＋则降低22．6％，CD4^＋／CD8^＋用药后增加54．2％；NK细胞活性和巨噬细胞功能也明显提高，IgG和IgA含量增加（P〈0．05），而白细胞的下降率两组无明显差异。该组患者均未出现肝肾功能的异常。结论参红胶囊联合化疗对中晚期恶性肿瘤的疗效显著高于单用化疗的对照组。这一作用可能与其提高患者免疫功能有关。     

血清对氧磷酶-1活性与冠脉Gensini积分的相关性研究

目的观察和探讨国人血清对氧磷酶-1(PON-1)活性与冠心病患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。方法以分光光度法测定入选研究对象(包括61例非冠心病患者,151例冠心病患者)的血清PON-1活性;以冠状动脉造影结果作为分组依据,并分析血清PON-1活性与冠状动脉病变Gensini积分的关系。结果冠心病组血清PON-1活性(1.95±0.12)明显低于对照组(2.28±0.13)(P<0.01);血清PON-1活性对数值与Gensini积分呈负相关(r=-0.315,P<0.01)。结论冠心病患者血清PON-1活性水平明显降低,随着病变程度加重,血清PON-1活性水平降低,二者呈负相关关系。     

大理学院2003级预防医学专业卫生统计学期末考试成绩分析

目的通过分析大理学院2003级预防医学专业卫生统计学的期末考试成绩,评价教学质量,为进一步教改提供依据。方法运用教学测量学的原理和方法对试卷的难度、区分度、信度和成绩进行分析。结果平均成绩为72.97,标准差为12.04,呈近似正态分布;信度系数在0.43-0.63之间;难度系数较高的是上机计算分析题(0.47)和综合分析题(0.52);难度系数较低的是单项选择题(0.80)和填空题(0.82);区分度系数较低的是填空题(0.15)和单项选择题(0.19),其余的区分度都>0.4;失分较高的是上机计算分析题(36.32%)、综合分析题(34.12%)和名词解释(23.33%)。结论试题难度适中、区分度和信度好。学生成绩比较好,教改效果明显,但统计学综合应用的能力、SPSS实习和专业英语学习等工作有待进一步提高。     

Induction of cervical compliance by balloon catheter in late pregnancy

Balloon catheter was used for pre-induction cervical priming and in order to enhance induction of labor in 51 patients. This procedure was found to be a safe and effective adjunct to induction of labor in patients with unripe cervices (mean Bishop score 3.4) with induction of labor to delivery time of 6.5 h.     

Utility of MTT assay in three-dimensional cultured human skin model as an alternative for draize skin irritation test: approach using diffusion law of irritant in skin and toxicokinetics-toxicodynamics correlation

Purpose. A cytotoxicity assay using a three-dimensional cultured human skin model, Living Skin Equivalent-high (LSE-high) was evaluated as an alternative to the Draize skin irritation tests using animals. A relation between the cytotoxicity and calculated concentration of an irritant in skin was also evaluated. Methods. Colorimetric thiazoyl blue (MTT) conversion assay and a surfactant, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), were selected as a cytotoxicity assay and a model irritant. The fraction of dead cell number in the MTT assay or the Draize irritation score (in vitro and in vivo irritation data, respectively) was treated as a function of CPC concentration in the viable skin of LSE-high and guinea pig. Separately, in vitro permeations of CPC through the LSE-high or excised guinea pig skin were determined to calculate the average concentration of CPC in the viable skin using the Fickian diffusion theory. The obtained relations between the irritation scores and CPC concentration were evaluated by the Emax model (Hill equation). Results. CPC concentration showing 50% irritation (IC ₅₀) was similar for the MTT assay (18.9%) and Draize test (12.3%), and a good relationship (r = 0.981) was observed between the fraction of dead cell number and the Draize score. In contrast, IC ₅₀, 1.32%, for the MTT assay in LSE-high was much lower than that using guinea pig skin. We then corrected the results for the MTT assay using a ratio of IC ₅₀ in guinea pig skin against LSE-high, resulting in a good relation between both MTT results in guinea pig skin and LSE-high. Conclusion. The present results suggest that the MTT assay using LSE-high may be utilized as an alternative for the Draize test in animals for evaluating skin irritation.     

Comparison of sleep/wake habits of university students with or without a habit of self-awakening

Several studies have reported that some people have the ability to awaken from sleep without using external means. This ability is called 'self-awakening'. The present study investigated the sleep/wake habits of university students with or without a habit of self-awakening. Of the 643 university students, 66 students (10.3%) habitually self-awakened in daily life. In comparison with those who did not self-awaken (n = 577, 89.7%), self-awakening students went to bed and woke up approximately 30 min earlier, felt better when they woke up in the morning, and dozed off less in the daytime. Moreover, self-awakening students showed a higher morningness score.