脑血管病危险因素在海口城乡对比的调查

目的 通过脑血管病危险因素在海口城乡对比的调查,了解脑血管病发病的相关因素。方法 以整群随机抽样法,从超过４０岁人群中取城市１９２人,农村２３１人进行测定血糖、血甭胆固醇、苷油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、极低密度脂蛋白。结果 经统计学处理,发现胆固醇、苷油三酯高、低密度脂蛋白、极低密度脂蛋白、极低密度脂蛋白城乡比较均有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）,脑血管病发病率、死亡率,城市明显高于乡村（Ｐ〈０     

BN3C对缺血性心肌损伤的保护作用

观察ＢＮ３Ｃ对缺血性心肌损伤的影响。方法：大鼠皮下注射大剂量异丙肾上腺素造成缺血性,心肌损伤模型;结果：ＢＮ３Ｃ可明显降低血中ＣＰＫ,ＦＦＡ及心肌组织中的ＭＤＡ,升高ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性,并使ＥＣＧ抬高的Ｊ点下降;结论ＢＮ３Ｃ对ＩＳＯ诱发的大鼠缺血性心有肌损伤有明显的保护作用。     

心肌缺血预适应对急性心肌梗死患者临床及近期预后的影响

目的 对初次急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）发生前４８ｈ有无发作过心绞痛的患者的临床及近期预后进行评价。方法 ７４例初次ＡＭＩ的患者,接受住院常规治疗,按梗死前４８ｈ有无心胶痛分为有ＩＰ组（ｎ－３６）、无ＩＰ组（ｎ＝３８）,两组基本临床情况相似。结果有ＩＰ组较无ＩＰ组心肌梗死范围小（Ｐ〈０．０１）,心肌酶峰值低（Ｐ〈０．０１）,恶性心律失常、心力衰竭、心源性休克发生率及病死率均明显降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病心肌酶谱测定的临床意义

目的：观察新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（ＨＩＥ）心肌酶活性化及心脏受损的情况,方法：采用连续监测法等方法检测了１１０例新生儿ＨＩＥ与４５例正常新生儿脐血心肌酶谱测定值比较。结果：血清心肌酶谱ＨＩＥ新生儿组明显高于新生儿正常对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,而重度ＨＩＥ组显高于轻、中度ＨＩＥ组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：新生儿ＨＩＥ做心肌产谱测定是诊断其心肌损害、损害程度和估计预后的临床指标之一,有助于临床早期预测新生儿ＨＩＥ心肌损害有给予早期治疗。     

急性期介入低频重复经颅磁刺激对缺血性脑卒中患者上肢运动功能的影响

目的 探讨急性期介入低频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对缺血性脑卒中患者上肢运动功能的影响。 方法 选取急性期缺血性脑卒中患者82例,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和试验组,每组41例,研究过程中每组均脱落1例,最终对照组和试验组各纳入40例。2组患者均给予常规康复治疗,试验组予以低频rTMS治疗,对照组予以rTMS假刺激治疗。治疗前、治疗4周后,采用Fugl-Meyer量表（FMA）上肢部分、Wolf运动功能评价量表（WMFT）、改良Barthel指数（MBI）、运动诱发电位(MEP)潜伏期和波幅评价2组患者的上肢运动功能。 结果 治疗前,2组患者FMA评分、WMFT评分、MBI评分、MEP波幅和潜伏期比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。治疗4周后,2组患者的FMA、WMFT、MBI评分和MEP波幅均较组内治疗前明显改善（P＜0.05）,且试验组治疗4周后的FMA［(39.20±7.36)分］、WMFT［(54.43±9.28)分］、MBI［(62.18±9.53)分］、MEP波幅［（0.74±0.08）mV］改善较对照组显著（P＜0.05）。 结论 急性期介入低频rTMS可改善缺血性脑卒中患者的上肢运动功能,提高日常生活活动能力。     

中药配合低能量氦—氖激光血管内照射为主治疗缺血性中风疗效观察

目的：观察中药配合低能量氦－氖激光血管内照射为主治疗缺血性中风疗效。方法：治疗组：用中药配合低量氦－氖激光血管内照射为主治疗缺血性中风６９例;对照组：用降纤酶、尼莫通治疗缺血性中风４２ 例。结果：治疗组基本痊愈４８ 例,显效８例,有效７例,无效５ 例,恶化１ 例,有效率为９１．３０％ 。对照组基本痊愈２０例,显效１例,有效９ 例,无效１１ 例,恶化１例,有效率为７１．４３％ 。经χ２ 检验,χ２＝ ７．６,Ρ＜ ０．０１,有显著差异。结论：治疗组中药配合低能量氦－氖激光血管内照射为主治疗缺血性中风综合疗效明显优于对照组用降纤酶和尼莫通治疗缺血性中风     

中西医结合治疗成人股骨头缺血坏死120例

采用中西医结合疗法 ,经皮股骨头内减压引流、靶血管脉冲式加压药物灌注、髂内动脉部分血管栓塞灌药和口服中药治疗成人股骨头缺血坏死 12 0例。通过 12～ 36个月的随访观察 ,髋关节疼痛缓解率为 92 5 0 % ,关节活动度改变率为 96 67% ,DSA检查血管增加达 88 33% ,CT、X线片股骨头骨质改变占 5 5 83%。综合疗效优于任何单项治疗     

大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型及其与C反应蛋白变化的关系

目的 改进大鼠大脑中动脉梗塞法,建立更接近于临床缺血性脑卒中及其再扩灌注的可靠模型,并观察其与血甭Ｃ反应蛋白变化的。方法沿大鼠右颈内动脉插入长２．１￣２．３ｃｍ直径０．２０５ｍｍ的单股尼龙丝,直达大脑中动脉起始部开口,阻断其血流,观察大鼠神经病学改变及脑组织形态学变化,并测定血清Ｃ反应蛋白含量。结果 术后大鼠表现特殊体态及典型追尾征,６ｈ大脑中动脉供血区出现缺血性外观（ＴＴＣ染色）及相应组织学变化     

Eating despite severe difficulties: assessment of poststroke eating

• ? A programme for the assessment and nursing diagnoses of eating difficulties among stroke patients was tested. The patients' experiences regarding eating were expressed in interviews and dialogues. Eating was observed during both a test meal and regular meals.
• ? The assessments included the prerequisites for eating as well as oral, pharyngeal and oesophageal functions.
• ? General and specific nursing diagnoses as well as life consequences (handicap) were established, based on assessment of disabilities and impairments, and interviewing the patients and their families, respectively. The general nursing diagnoses were formulated on admission after the test meal and these were reformulated to form specific nursing diagnoses after assessments of the functions.
• ? The programme presented proved to be useful in clinical practice. It is emphasized that many assessments must be co-ordinated for each individual.

     

The role of postischemic recirculation in the development of ischemic neuronal injury following complete cerebral ischemia

Summary The neuronal response to complete cerebral ischemia (CCI) of 5–15 min duration was evaluated at the light and electron microscopic level subsequent to postischemic recirculation periods of up to 60 min. Following postischemic reperfusion, the homogeneous neuronal changes characteristic of permanent CCI were modified into a heterogeneous pattern of selectively vulnerable neuronal responses. Four basic types of neuronal injury were represented within this heterogeneous neuronal population. The Type I neuronal response was most numerous and consisted of chromatin clumping, nucleolar condensation and a breakdown of polysomes. This response may represent a reversal of some of the neuronal changes observed after permanent CCI. In addition to the above changes, Type II neurons contained swollen mitochondria and Golgi saccules which appeared as microvacuoles under the light microscope. Type III neurons displayed varying degrees of neuronal shrinkage and numerous swollen mitochondria. Type IV neurons were markedly shrunken and electron-dense with few identifiable subcellular structures. The distribution of Type I neurons was random but the other neuronal responses occurred in selectively vulnerable brain regions. The number of Type II, III, and IV neurons increased with extended insult durations but were unaffected by the length of recirculation. Ten minutes of CCI represented the threshold for a significant increase in the number of severely altered neurons. These findings suggest that considerable neuronal injury may be present after 10–15 min of CCI, and the lack of a recirculation period following CCI appears to afford the brain parenchyma an extensive degree of structural protection.Supported by PHS Grant NS-12587