维生素B12联合叶酸治疗缺血性脑卒中的疗效及对血浆Hcy水平的影响

目的：探讨维生素B12联合叶酸治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床疗效及对血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平的影响。方法：选取2020年7月至2022年3月三门峡市中心医院收治的缺血性脑卒中患者136例为研究对象,依据治疗方式不同分为常规组（66例）和联合组（70例）,常规组患者接受缺血性脑血管病的规范化治疗,联合组在常规组基础上服用维生素B12片和叶酸片,两组患者均治疗4周,比较治疗前后两组患者的血浆Hcy、叶酸和维生素B12水平,神经功能缺损量表（NIHSS）和日常生活活动能力评定量表（ADL）评分,并记录随访期内的脑卒中事件复发情况。结果：两组患者治疗前血浆Hcy、叶酸、维生素B12水平、NIHSS、ADL评分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P> 0.05）,治疗后联合组血浆Hcy水平低于常规组,血浆叶酸和维生素B12水平高于常规组,差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）。治疗后联合组患者ADL评分高于常规组,NIHSS评分低于常规组,差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）。随访期间联合组患者复发率为6.67%,低于常规组的26.67%,差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论：在...     

急性缺血性脑卒中伴心房颤动患者行 机械取栓的临床疗效及预后因素

〔摘 要〕 目的：研究机械取栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）伴心房颤动患者的疗效及预后因素。 方法：选取北 京市红十字会急诊抢救中心 2020 年 2 月至 2021 年 12 月期间收治的 90 例 AIS 伴心房颤动患者,均行机械取栓治疗, 入院时、治疗后 24 h、7 d、90 d 评估患者的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分,并在治疗 90 d 后评估患 者的预后效果,参考改良 Rankin 修订量表（mRS）评价,并对影响预后的危险因素总结分析。 结果：入院时所有患 者 NIHSS 评分为（11.25 ± 2.34）分,治疗后 24 h 的 NIHSS 评分为（8.21 ± 1.52）分,治疗后 7 d 的 NIHSS 评分为 （5.12 ± 0.93）分,治疗后 90 d 的 NIHSS 评分为（3.06 ± 0.54）分,NIHSS 评分逐渐下降,差异具有统计学意义 （P ＜ 0.05）。预后良好组、预后不良组患者比较,年龄、高血压、糖尿病、血糖、收缩压、舒张压、侧支循环建立情况、 开始治疗时间、血管再通时间及入院 NIHSS 评分比较,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）;多因素 logistic 回归分析 显示,导致 AIS 伴心房颤动患者机械取栓术后预后不良的独立危险因素有：年龄≥ 60 岁、高血压、未建立侧支循环、 血管再通时间≥ 4 h、入院 NIHSS 评分≥ 14 分,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。 结论：机械取栓术治疗 AIS 伴 心房颤动患者可减缓神经功能缺损程度,导致患者预后不良的独立危险因素是年龄≥ 60 岁、高血压、未建立侧支循环、 血管再通时间≥ 4 h、入院 NIHSS 评分≥ 14 分,故临床需引起高度重视。     

Assessing the Impact of Salt Reduction Initiatives on the Chronic Disease Burden of Singapore

Globally, many countries are facing an increasing burden of chronic disease due to ageing populations, of which cardiovascular disease forms a large proportion. Excess dietary sodium contributes to cardiovascular disease risk and requires intervention at a population level. This study aimed to quantify the impact of several salt reduction initiatives on population health over a 30-year horizon using GeoDEMOS, a population model from Singapore. Four interventions were modelled in four demographic groups in 2020 for a total of 16 intervention scenarios. The effect of 0.5, 2.0, and 4.0 g/day reductions in daily salt consumption, along with adherence to the World Health Organization guidelines of a maximum of 5.0 g of salt each day, was modelled in the entire population, including the overweight and obese, the elderly, and diabetics. In each scenario, the number of averted incident cases of acute myocardial infarction and stroke, along with the disability-adjusted life years up to 2050, was monitored. We found 4.0 g/day reductions in salt consumption were the most effective when implemented across the entire population, resulting in 24,000 averted incident cases of cardiovascular disease and 215,000 disability-adjusted life years over 30 years. This is a large figure when compared with the 29,200 projected annual incident cases of cardiovascular disease in 2050. When targeted at specific high-risk demographic groups, the largest effects were observed in the overweight and obese, with the same intervention yielding 10,500 averted incident cases of cardiovascular disease and 91,500 disability-adjusted life years. Quantifying the benefits of salt reduction initiatives revealed a significant impact when administered across the entire population or the overweight and obese. Health promotion efforts directed toward sustainably reducing salt consumption will help to lower the chronic disease burden on the healthcare system in years to come.     

幽门螺杆菌感染与缺血性心脑病的关系探讨

目的：探讨幽门螺杆菌（HP）感染与缺血性心脏病（IHD）的关系以及可能的发病机理。方法：应用酶联免疫法测定IHD组（142例）和对照组（50例）血清特异性HP抗体（HPIgG),用全自动生化仪测定血清TC,TG＜ApoA1,ApoB,Lp(a),HDL-c,LDL-c含量,应用全自动凝血仪测定血中纤维蛋白原浓度（Fbg),化学比色法测定血清中NO和NOS含量。结果：IHD组血清HPIgG阳性率明显高于对照组（65．49％VS28．00％,P＜0．0001）,经多元回归分析显示HP感染与IHD发病呈明显的正相关（P＝0．0004）,HPIgG阳性者的TG,ApoB,NO,NOS含量明显增高（P＜0．05）,TC,Lp(a),LDL-c,Fbg含量有增高趋势。结论：HP感染与IHD的发生有明显的相关性,其可能的发病机理为HP感染改变了脂质代谢和血管的内皮功能来增加发生IHD的危险。     

胰岛素抵抗及其与缺血性脑血管病关系的研究

目的　研究胰岛素抵抗与缺血性脑血管病的关系。方法　通过阐述胰岛素抵抗、发病机制、诊断标准及其对机体的影响来说明胰岛素抵抗与缺血性脑血管病的关系。结果　胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症存在于缺血性脑血管病的不同发展阶段 ,是缺血性脑血管疾病所固有的 ,亦贯穿于缺血性脑血管病的全过程 ,是导致其发病的极其重要的危险因素。结论　临床治疗中改善胰岛素抵抗、降低内源性高胰岛素的水平 ,对于减缓缺血性脑血管病的发生、发展具有重要意义。     

Effect of Enteral Nutrition on In-hospital Infection and Hospital Expense in Stroke Patients: A Retrospective Assessment

Infection is a common complication of stroke and is associated with unfavorable outcomes. Although nutritional intervention reduces the risk of postoperative infection, the impact of specific nutritional products remains unclear. From a hospital management perspective, we aimed to determine whether the provision of specific types of enteral nutrition in acute stroke patients affects infection control and hospital costs. In all, 45 acute hemorrhagic stroke patients receiving enteral nutrition in a single center (April 2017–March 2019) were retrospectively assessed. Patients were divided into two groups according to nutritional interventions: the 1.0-group with general nutrition (1.0 kcal/mL) (24 patients) and the 1.5+α-group with an initial high-protein, whey peptide-digested liquid diet (1.5 kcal/mL), followed by a highly fermentable fiber-containing liquid diet (1.5 kcal/mL initiated after 4 days) (21 patients). Changes in body mass index (BMI), duration of antibiotic use, incidence of postoperative infection, and medical cost were evaluated. Baseline patient characteristics were similar between groups. The mean BMI change was lower in the 1.5+α-group than in the 1.0-group, and the mean duration of antibiotic use throughout hospitalization was 12.8 and 18.3 days, respectively. Antibiotic use in the 1.5+α-group was lesser than that in Japanese patients from other hospitals. The incidence of postoperative infections was lower in the 1.5+α-group. Injection costs for the 1.5+α group (615 USD/patient) were lower than those for the 1.0-group. Enteral nutrition provided to acute stroke patients reduced the risk of hospital infection and medical costs.     

脑卒中患者口腔健康素养现状及其影响因素分析

目的 调查脑卒中患者口腔健康素养现状并分析其影响因素,为制订个体化干预方案提供参考.方法 采用人口学资料及相关影响因素调查表、脑卒中患者口腔健康素养量表、口腔生活质量影响程度量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表对199例脑卒中患者进行调查.结果 脑卒中患者口腔健康素养总分为(82.24±5.90)分;脑卒中患者口腔健康素养与口腔生活质量影响程度及抑郁呈负相关(均P＜0.01).文化程度、居住地、领悟社会支持、营养状态、婚姻状态、医疗支付方式、经济来源、吞咽功能、患慢性病种数、自觉经济压力、神经系统功能、自我感受负担、主要陪护者是脑卒中患者口腔健康素养的影响因素(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 脑卒中患者口腔健康素养有待提高,其影响因素较多.医护人员应采取针对性措施提高患者的口腔健康素养.     

Giant cell arteritis presenting as a stroke in the internal carotid artery territory: a case-based review

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a large-vessel vasculitis, typically affecting the aorta and its branches. The involvement of vertebral and internal carotid arteries occurs in a limited number of cases, and stroke as a presenting symptom of GCA is extremely unusual: this subset of the disease has a poor prognosis and rarely responds to immunosuppression.We report the case of a 70-year-old woman, who presented to the Emergency Department for ischemic stroke, which appeared to be the first and only symptom of GCA. The prompt administration of steroids and tocilizumab (TCZ) led to clinical and radiological resolution, with no residual disability at 6-month follow-up.Our case-based review, highlighting the rarity of a large vessel vasculitis presenting only with a cerebrovascular accident, provides new evidence for the efficacy of TCZ even in more unusual varieties of GCA: in these cases, TCZ should be immediately prescribed, in order to prevent mortality and severe long-term morbidity.     

Neuroprotective effects of Longxue Tongluo Capsule on ischemic stroke rats revealed by LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics approach

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect and explore the underlying mechanisms of Longxue Tongluo Capsule (LTC) on ischemic stroke rats. Methods: Twenty-six rats were randomly divided into four groups, including sham group, sham + LTC group, MCAO group, and MCAO + LTC group. Ischemic stroke rats were simulated by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and LTC treatment group were orally administrated with 300 mg/kg of LTC once daily for seven consecutive days. LTC therapy was validated in terms of neurobehavioral abnormality evaluation, cerebral infarct area, and histological assessments. The plasma metabolome comparisons amongst different groups were conducted by UHPLC-Q Exactive MS in combination with subsequent multivariate statistical analysis, aiming to finding the molecules in respond to the surgery or LTC treatment. Results: Intragastric administration of LTC significantly decreased not only the neurobehavioral abnormality scores but also the cerebral infarct area of MCAO rats. The interstitial edema, atrophy, and pyknosis of glial and neuronal cells occurred in the infarcted area, core area, and marginal area of cerebral cortex were improved after LTC treatment. A total of 13 potential biomarkers were observed, and Youden index of 11 biomarkers such as LysoPC, SM, and PE were more than 0.7, which were involved in neuroprotective process. The correlation and pathway analysis showed that LTC was beneficial to ischemic stroke rats via regulating glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism, together with nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Heatmap and ternary analysis indicated the synergistic effect of carbohydrates and lipids may be induced by flavonoid intake from LTC. Conclusion: The present study could provide evidence that metabolomics, as systematic approach, revealed its capacity to evaluate the holistic efficacy of TCM, and investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the clinical treatment of LTC on ischemic stroke.