Ischemic bowel as a late sequela of abdominal compartment syndrome secondary to severe burn injury

Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a known complication of the large-volume resuscitation that burn patients receive. Bowel ischemia has been theorized to occur in ACS but has yet to be described in the literature. The authors report an occurrence of late bowel obstruction related to ACS-associated bowel ischemia in a burn patient.A four-year-old previously well girl sustained 70% total body surface area burns with inhalation injury. The areas injured were the anterior neck, circumferential torso from neck to waist, left arm, left thigh and two-thirds of her right thigh. Fluid resuscitation was initially administered using the modified Parkland formula. Her transfer to the regional burn unit from a local hospital was complicated by early septic shock from a line infection, which increased her resuscitation fluid requirements. Infection ultimately led to multiple instances of ACS. Intervention with percutaneous drainage led to immediate improvement; however, the episodes of ACS resulted in a late small bowel obstruction secondary to stricture, requiring a laparotomy and bowel resection.     

重组组织纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗80岁以上老年患者急性缺血性中风的安全性及有效性分析

目的研究重组组织纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓(IVT)治疗急性缺血性中风的安全性及有效性。方法选取2013年4月至2015年12月于我院收治的急性缺血性脑卒中患者188例为研究对象。根据是否接受IVT治疗,将年龄≥80岁接受rt-PA(0.9 mg/kg)静脉溶栓患者定义为老年IVT组,将年龄≥80岁未接受静脉溶栓患者定义为老年非IVT组;根据年龄大小将接受静脉溶栓患者分为老年IVT组(≥80岁)及年轻IVT组(<80岁)。记录患者的颅内出血情况及治疗后24 h、3个月、6个月的显效率及7 d病死率。结果治疗后1、90、180 d,老年IVT组患者的显效率均高于老年非IVT组(P<0.05)。老年IVT组患者的7 d病死率略低于老年非IVT组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。老年IVT组、年轻IVT组的颅内出血发生率及显效率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且均无死亡病例。结论重组组织纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓能够有效治疗80岁以上老年患者急性缺血性中风,且不增加患者的颅内出血发生率及病死率。     

The association between orthostatic increase in pulse pressure and ischemic heart disease

The clinical meaning of changes in PP with posture remains unclear. We performed treadmill exercise testing on 144 subjects to diagnose ischemic heart disease, and measured the PPs in the supine and standing positions. The differences in the two PPs ranged between ?35 and 45?mmHg. Eleven subjects were diagnosed with significant coronary ischemia. The differences in the PPs were significantly increased, and PP in the standing position was significantly elevated in these subjects. A large difference in the PPs in the standing and supine positions was associated with significant coronary ischemia, independent of significant covariables.     

Filling the gaps on stroke research: Focus on inflammation and immunity

For the last two decades, researchers have placed hopes in a new era in which a combination of reperfusion and neuroprotection would revolutionize the treatment of stroke. Nevertheless, despite the thousands of papers available in the literature showing positive results in preclinical stroke models, randomized clinical trials have failed to show efficacy. It seems clear now that the existing data obtained in preclinical research have depicted an incomplete picture of stroke pathophysiology. In order to ameliorate bench-to-bed translation, in this review we first describe the main actors on stroke inflammatory and immune responses based on the available preclinical data, highlighting the fact that the link between leukocyte infiltration, lesion volume and neurological outcome remains unclear. We then describe what is known on neuroinflammation and immune responses in stroke patients, and summarize the results of the clinical trials on immunomodulatory drugs. In order to understand the gap between clinical trials and preclinical results on stroke, we discuss in detail the experimental results that served as the basis for the summarized clinical trials on immunomodulatory drugs, focusing on (i) experimental stroke models, (ii) the timing and selection of outcome measuring, (iii) alternative entry routes for leukocytes into the ischemic region, and (iv) factors affecting stroke outcome such as gender differences, ageing, comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes, obesity, tobacco, alcohol consumption and previous infections like Covid-19.We can do better for stroke treatment, especially when targeting inflammation following stroke. We need to re-think the design of stroke experimental setups, notably by (i) using clinically relevant models of stroke, (ii) including both radiological and neurological outcomes, (iii) performing long-term follow-up studies, (iv) conducting large-scale preclinical stroke trials, and (v) including stroke comorbidities in preclinical research.     

冠心Ⅲ号对缺血性心肌病氧化及纤维化指标的影响

目的:探讨冠心Ⅲ号对缺血性心肌病机体氧化应激及心肌组织纤维化的影响。方法:选取2017年11月至2019年5月广州中医药大学深圳医院收治的ICM患者100例作为研究对象,按照住院号单双分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组常规西医治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用冠心Ⅲ号治疗,均治疗4周，观察治疗前后NO、SOD、BNP和心肌纤维化指标变化。结果:1)2组患者治疗4周后ET、CRP、BNP、LVEDd、、透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、层粘连蛋白(LN)较治疗前比较均显著降低，NO、SOD、LVEF、△FS、E/A值及SV较治疗前均显著升高,组内比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且观察组显著优于对照组(P<0.01)；2)治疗前后2组全血高切、全血中切、全血低切、血浆黏度、红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；3)对照组不良反应率合计12%,观察组为8%,比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:冠心Ⅲ号可通过提高NO、SOD,降低BNP和心肌纤维化,促进血液循环,从而改善心功能,防治ICM。     

RNF213基因相关脑血管病研究进展

颅内大动脉狭窄/闭塞(intracranial major artery stenosis/occlusion,ICASO)是我国缺血性卒中最常见病因之一。既往研究提示其与烟雾病在受累血管分布、种族差异性等方面具有相似性。环指蛋白213(ring finger protein 213,RNF213)基因是烟雾病的易感基因。研究发现该基因与ICASO、大动脉粥样硬化性缺血性卒中、颅内动脉瘤同样具有相关性,提示RNF213基因可能与脑血管病发生、发展存在密切的联系。本文旨在通过回顾国内外相关文献,就RNF213结构、功能、基因多态性及与脑血管病相关性等问题进行概述。     

Sex-specific association of RAGE and HMGB1 genotype variations with susceptibility to ischemic stroke in Caucasians

BackgroundThe role of genotype variants of HMGB1 and RAGE in susceptibility to acute ischemic stroke remains inconclusive.MethodsCaucasian acute ischemic stroke patients admitted to three hospitals within a large healthcare system in the U.S. between 2009 and 2017 were reviewed. For each stroke case, three age and sex-matched non-stroke patients were identified as controls. Associations of phased-genotype data for RAGE (rs1035798, rs2070600, rs1800624, rs1800625) and HMGB1 (rs1360485, rs1045411, rs3742305, rs2249825, rs1412125) single-nucleotide-polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes with stroke susceptibility were analyzed. The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was performed.ResultsCollectively, 4,264 patients, 1,066 acute ischemic stroke and 3,198 controls were identified. Genotype distributions were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. None of the SNPs alternate allele frequencies differed from the NCBI SNP database. No differences were found in the genotype distributions when analyzing each SNP and the two most common haplotypes in a covariate adjusted model. In a sex-specific stratification, males harboring the RAGE SNP rs1800625 AG or GG genotype had an independently increased risk for ischemic strokes compared to controls (adjusted OR = 1.27,95%CI 1.03–1.57, p_a = 0.0276). After the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure, a trend towards this association remained (p_BH = 0.1104).ConclusionNo association of RAGE and HMGB1 genotypes variations with risk for overall ischemic stroke or specific stroke subtypes could be observed. Congruent with the literature, a sex-specific role of RAGE SNPs might associate with stroke susceptibility. The functional role of the HMGB1-RAGE axis in this context warrants further exploration.     

“Sequential multimodality stimulation” for post-stroke-hemineglect: Feasibility and outcome in a pilot randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveTo test the feasibility and efficacy of multimodality stimulation combined with motor tasking as a corrective strategy for hemineglect following right hemispheric ischemic strokes.Material and methodsA prospective randomized controlled single blinded clinical trial was conducted over eighteen months from January 2017. All patients with right hemispheric ischemic strokes were screened for hemineglect and those fulfilling criteria were recruited and randomized. Patients under the therapy group (TG) received the intervention based on a structured protocol in addition to standard physiotherapy. The control group (CG) received standard physiotherapy alone. NIHSS, mRS and Neuropsychological test scores were recorded at different time points. The primary outcome measures (neuropsychological test scores) were compared between the two groups (Student's t-test to find out the difference in outcome measures) at one and three months post-stroke.ResultsOf the 14 patients recruited, data from 12 were available for analysis, 5 patients in TG and 7 in CG. There was a trend for better hemineglect and functional outcomes in TG.ConclusionMultimodality stimulation, in addition to standard physiotherapy, is feasible and potentially results in better neurocognitive and functional recovery following right hemispheric ischemic strokes. However, larger studies are warranted to prove these preliminary observations beyond doubt.